moltbot/docs/refactor/database-first.md

summary, title, read_when

summary	title	read_when
Migration plan for making SQLite the primary durable state and cache layer while keeping config file-backed	Database-first state refactor	Moving OpenClaw runtime data, cache, transcripts, task state, or scratch files into SQLite Designing doctor migrations from legacy JSON or JSONL files Changing backup, restore, VFS, or worker storage behavior Removing session locks, pruning, truncation, or JSON compatibility paths

Database-First State Refactor

Decision

Use a two-level SQLite layout:

• Global database: ~/.openclaw/state/openclaw.sqlite
• Agent database: one SQLite database per agent for agent-owned workspace, transcript, VFS, artifact, and large per-agent runtime state
• Configuration stays file-backed: openclaw.json and explicit credential or auth-profile files remain outside the database until there is a separate secrets/export design

The global database is the control-plane database. It owns agent discovery, shared gateway state, pairing, device/node state, task and flow ledgers, plugin state, scheduler runtime state, backup metadata, and migration state.

The agent database is the data-plane database. It owns the agent's session metadata, transcript event stream, VFS workspace or scratch namespace, tool artifacts, run artifacts, and searchable/indexable agent-local cache data.

This gives one durable global view without forcing large agent workspaces, transcripts, and binary scratch data into the shared gateway write lane.

Hard Contract

This migration has one canonical runtime shape:

• Session rows persist session metadata only. They must not persist transcriptLocator, transcript file paths, sibling JSONL paths, lock paths, pruning metadata, or file-era compatibility pointers.
• Transcript identity is always SQLite identity: {agentId, sessionId} plus optional topic metadata where the protocol needs it.
• sqlite-transcript://... is not a runtime or protocol identity. New code must not derive, persist, pass, parse, or migrate transcript locators. Remaining uses are cleanup debt in tests or explicit export/debug materialization only.
• Legacy sessions.json, transcript JSONL, .jsonl.lock, pruning, truncation, and old session-path logic belong only to the doctor migration/import path.
• Runtime startup, hot reply paths, compaction, reset, recovery, diagnostics, TTS, memory hooks, subagents, plugin command routing, protocol boundaries, and hooks must pass {agentId, sessionId} through the runtime.
• Tests should seed and assert SQLite transcript rows through {agentId, sessionId}. Tests that only prove JSONL path forwarding, caller-supplied locator preservation, or transcript-file compatibility should be deleted unless they cover doctor import, export/debug materialization, or protocol shape.
• runEmbeddedPiAgent(...), prepared worker runs, and the inner embedded attempt must not accept transcript locators. They open the SQLite transcript manager by {agentId, sessionId} and pass that manager to the internalized PI-compatible agent session, so stale callers cannot make the runner write JSON/JSONL transcripts.
• Runner diagnostics must store runtime/cache/payload trace records in SQLite. Runtime diagnostics must not expose JSONL file override knobs; export/debug commands can materialize files explicitly from database rows.

Implementation work should keep deleting code until these statements are true without exceptions outside doctor/import/export/debug boundaries.

Code-Read Assumptions

No follow-up product decisions are blocking this plan. The implementation should proceed with these assumptions:

• Use node:sqlite directly and require the Node 24+ runtime for this storage path.
• Keep exactly one normal configuration file. Do not move config, credentials, provider auth profiles, plugin manifests, or Git workspaces into SQLite in this refactor.
• Runtime compatibility files are not required. Legacy JSON and JSONL files are migration inputs only. The branch-local SQLite sidecars never shipped and are deleted instead of imported.
• openclaw doctor --fix owns the legacy file-to-database migration step. Runtime startup and openclaw migrate should not carry legacy OpenClaw database-upgrade paths.
• Runtime must not migrate, normalize, or bridge transcript locators. Active transcript identity is {agentId, sessionId} in SQLite. File paths are legacy doctor inputs only, and sqlite-transcript://... must disappear from runtime, protocol, hook, and plugin surfaces instead of being treated as a boundary handle.
• Codex app-server bindings use the OpenClaw sessionId as the canonical SQLite key. sessionKey is metadata for routing/display and must not replace the durable session id or resurrect transcript-file identity.
• Backup output should remain one archive file. Database contents should enter that archive as compact SQLite snapshots, not raw live WAL sidecars.
• Transcript search is useful but not required for the first database-first cut. Design the schema so FTS can be added later.
• Worker execution should stay experimental behind settings while the database boundary settles.

Code-Read Findings

The current branch is already past the proof-of-concept stage. The shared database exists, Node node:sqlite is wired through a small runtime helper, and former stores now write to state/openclaw.sqlite or the owning openclaw-agent.sqlite database.

The remaining work is not choosing SQLite; it is deleting compatibility-shaped interfaces that still look like the old file world:

• Some compatibility call surfaces still carry storePath for explicit migration/export/debug metadata, but hot session reads and writes now resolve the SQLite row from { agentId, sessionKey } instead of treating the path as the runtime identity.
• Session writes no longer pass through the old in-process store-writer.ts queue. SQLite patch writes use conflict detection and bounded retry instead.
• Legacy path discovery still has valid migration uses, but runtime code should stop treating sessions.json and transcript JSONL files as possible write targets.
• Agent-owned tables live in per-agent SQLite databases. The global DB keeps registry/control-plane rows; transcript identity is {agentId, sessionId} in the per-agent transcript rows. Runtime code must not persist transcript file paths or migrate transcript locators.
• Doctor already imports several legacy files. The cleanup is to make that a single explicit migration implementation that doctor calls, with a durable migration report.

No additional product questions are blocking implementation.

Current Code Shape

The branch already has a real shared SQLite base:

• src/state/openclaw-state-db.ts opens openclaw.sqlite, sets WAL, synchronous=NORMAL, busy_timeout=30000, foreign_keys=ON, and applies the generated schema module derived from src/state/openclaw-state-schema.sql.
• Kysely table types and runtime schema modules are generated from disposable SQLite databases created from the committed .sql files; runtime code no longer keeps copy-pasted schema strings for global, per-agent, or proxy capture databases.
• Runtime stores derive selected and inserted row types from those generated Kysely DB interfaces instead of shadowing SQLite row shapes by hand. Raw SQL remains limited to schema application, pragmas, and migration-only DDL.
• The SQLite schemas are collapsed to user_version = 1 because this database layout has not shipped yet. Runtime openers create the current schema only; file-to-database import remains in doctor code, and branch-local database upgrade helpers have been deleted.
• Relational ownership is enforced where the ownership boundary is canonical: source migration rows cascade from migration_runs, task delivery state cascades from task_runs, and transcript identity rows cascade from transcript events.
• Current shared tables include kv, agents, agent_databases, plugin_state_entries, plugin_blob_entries, capture_sessions, capture_events, capture_blobs, sandbox_registry_entries, cron_run_logs, cron_jobs, commitments, delivery_queue_entries, current_conversation_bindings, tui_last_sessions, task_runs, task_delivery_state, flow_runs, subagent_runs, migration_runs, and backup_runs.
• src/state/openclaw-agent-db.ts opens agents/<agentId>/agent/openclaw-agent.sqlite, registers the database in the global DB, and owns agent-local session, transcript, VFS, artifact, and cache tables. Shared runtime discovery now reads the generated-typed agent_databases registry instead of reimplementing that query at each call site.
• Subagent run recovery state now lives in typed shared subagent_runs rows with indexed child, requester, and controller session keys. The old subagents/runs.json file is doctor migration input only.
• Current conversation bindings now live in typed shared current_conversation_bindings rows keyed by normalized conversation id and indexed by target session. The old bindings/current-conversations.json file is doctor migration input only.
• TUI last-session restore pointers now live in typed shared tui_last_sessions rows keyed by the hashed TUI connection/session scope. The old TUI JSON file is doctor migration input only.
• Default TTS prefs now live in shared plugin-state SQLite rows keyed under the speech-core plugin. The old settings/tts.json file is doctor migration input only; runtime no longer reads or writes TTS prefs JSON files, and the legacy path resolver lives in the doctor migration module.
• Subagent run recovery and OpenRouter model capability cache runtime modules now keep SQLite snapshot readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON import helpers.
• src/agents/filesystem/virtual-agent-fs.sqlite.ts implements a SQLite VFS over the agent database vfs_entries table.
• src/agents/runtime-worker.entry.ts creates per-run SQLite VFS, tool artifact, run artifact, and scoped cache stores for workers.
• Workspace bootstrap completion markers now live in shared SQLite KV keyed by resolved workspace path instead of .openclaw/workspace-state.json; runtime no longer reads or rewrites the legacy workspace marker.
• Exec approvals now live in shared SQLite KV (exec.approvals/current). Doctor imports legacy ~/.openclaw/exec-approvals.json; runtime writes no longer create or rewrite that file.
• Device identity, device auth, and bootstrap runtime modules now keep their SQLite snapshot readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON import helpers.
• Device identity creation fails closed when legacy identity/device.json exists, when the SQLite identity row is invalid, or when the SQLite identity store cannot be opened. Doctor imports and removes that file first, so runtime startup cannot silently rotate pairing identity before migration.
• Web push, APNs, Voice Wake, and Voice Wake routing runtime modules now keep their SQLite snapshot readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON import helpers.
• Pairing state, plugin binding approvals, and cron job state now follow the same split: runtime modules expose SQLite-backed operations and neutral snapshot helpers, while doctor imports/removes the old JSON files through src/commands/doctor/legacy/* modules.
• Core pairing and cron runtime modules no longer export legacy JSON path builders. Doctor-owned legacy modules construct pending.json, paired.json, bootstrap.json, and cron/jobs.json source paths for import tests and migration only.
• src/commands/doctor-sqlite-state.ts already imports several legacy JSON state files, including node host config, into SQLite from doctor.
• src/commands/doctor/state-migrations.ts imports legacy sessions.json and *.jsonl transcripts into SQLite and removes successful sources.

The remaining cleanup is mostly consolidation and deletion:

• Plugin state now uses the shared state/openclaw.sqlite database. The old branch-local plugin-state/state.sqlite sidecar importer is removed because that SQLite layout never shipped.
• Task and Task Flow runtime tables now live in the shared state/openclaw.sqlite database instead of tasks/runs.sqlite and tasks/flows/registry.sqlite; the old sidecar importers are removed for the same unshipped-layout reason.
• src/config/sessions/store.ts no longer needs storePath for inbound metadata, route updates, or updated-at reads. Command persistence, CLI session cleanup, subagent depth, auth overrides, and transcript session identity use agent/session row APIs. Writes are applied as SQLite row patches with optimistic conflict retry.
• Session target resolution now exposes per-agent database targets, not legacy sessions.json paths. Shared gateway, ACP metadata, doctor route repair, and openclaw sessions enumerate agent_databases plus configured agents.
• Gateway session routing now uses resolveGatewaySessionDatabaseTarget; the returned target carries databasePath and candidate SQLite row keys instead of a legacy session-store file path.
• Channel session runtime types now expose {agentId, sessionKey} for updated-at reads, inbound metadata, and last-route updates. The old saveSessionStore(storePath, store) compatibility type is gone.
• Plugin runtime, extension API, root library, and config/sessions barrel surfaces no longer export resolveStorePath; plugin code uses SQLite-backed session row helpers. The old resolveLegacySessionStorePath helper is gone; legacy sessions.json path construction is now local to migration and test fixtures.
• src/config/sessions/store-backend.sqlite.ts now stores canonical session entries in the per-agent database and has row-level read/upsert/delete patch support. Runtime upsert/patch/delete no longer scans for case variants or prunes legacy alias keys; doctor owns canonicalization. The standalone JSON import helper is gone, and migration merges upsert newer rows instead of replacing the whole session table.
• Transcript events, VFS rows, and tool artifact rows now write to the per-agent database. The unshipped global transcript-file mapping table is gone; doctor records legacy source paths in durable migration rows instead.
• Runtime transcript lookup no longer scans JSONL byte offsets or probes legacy transcript files. Gateway chat/media/history paths read transcript rows from SQLite; JSONL is now a legacy doctor input or in-memory export encoding, not a runtime state file.
• Runtime transcript store APIs resolve SQLite scope, not filesystem paths. The old resolve...ForPath helper and unused transcriptPath write options are gone from runtime callers.
• Runtime session resolution now uses {agentId, sessionId} and must not derive sqlite-transcript://<agent>/<session> strings for external boundaries. Legacy absolute JSONL paths are doctor migration inputs only.
• Native hook relay direct-bridge records now live in shared SQLite KV rows keyed by relay id. Runtime no longer writes a /tmp JSON registry for those short-lived bridge records.
• runEmbeddedPiAgent(...) no longer has a transcript-locator parameter. Prepared worker descriptors also omit transcript locators. Runtime session state and queued follow-up runs carry {agentId, sessionId} instead of derived transcript handles.
• Embedded compaction now takes SQLite scope from agentId and sessionId. Compaction hooks, context-engine calls, CLI delegation, and protocol replies must not receive derived sqlite-transcript://... handles. Export/debug code can materialize files from rows explicitly, but it does not feed those names back into runtime identity.
• Context-engine delegation no longer parses a transcript locator to recover agent identity. The prepared runtime context carries the resolved agentId into the built-in compaction bridge.
• Transcript rewrite and live tool-result truncation now read and persist transcript state by {agentId, sessionId} and do not derive temporary locators for transcript-update event payloads.
• The transcript-state helper surface no longer has locator-based readTranscriptState, replaceTranscriptStateEvents, or persistTranscriptStateMutation variants. Runtime callers must use the {agentId, sessionId} APIs. Doctor import reads legacy files by explicit file path and writes SQLite rows; it does not migrate locator strings.
• The runtime session-manager contract no longer exposes open(locator), forkFrom(locator), or setTranscriptLocator(...). Persisted session managers open and fork by {agentId, sessionId} only.
• Gateway transcript reader APIs are scope-first. They take {agentId, sessionId} and do not accept a positional transcript locator that could accidentally become runtime identity. Locator parsing is explicit and limited to boundary adapters.
• Transcript update events are also scope-first. emitSessionTranscriptUpdate no longer accepts a bare locator string, and listeners route by {agentId, sessionId} without parsing a handle.
• Gateway session-message broadcast resolves session keys from agent/session scope, not from a transcript locator. The old transcript-locator-to-session key resolver/cache is gone.
• Gateway session-history SSE filters live updates by agent/session scope. It no longer canonicalizes transcript locator candidates, realpaths, or file-shaped transcript identities to decide whether a stream should receive an update.
• Session lifecycle hooks no longer derive or expose transcript locators on session_end. Hook consumers get sessionId, sessionKey, next-session ids, and agent context; transcript files are not part of the lifecycle contract.
• Reset hooks no longer derive or expose transcript locators either. The before_reset payload carries recovered SQLite messages plus the reset reason, while session identity stays in hook context.
• Agent harness reset no longer accepts a transcript locator. Reset dispatch is scoped by sessionId/sessionKey plus reason.
• Agent extension session types no longer expose transcriptLocator; extensions should use session context and runtime APIs rather than reaching for a file-shaped transcript identity.
• Plugin compaction hooks no longer expose transcript locators. Hook context already carries session identity, and transcript reads must go through SQLite scope-aware APIs instead of file-shaped handles.
• before_agent_finalize hooks no longer expose transcriptPath, including native hook relay payloads. Finalization hooks use session context only.
• Gateway reset responses no longer synthesize a transcript locator on the returned entry. The reset creates SQLite transcript rows, returns the clean session entry, and leaves transcript access to scope-aware readers.
• Embedded run and compaction results no longer surface transcript locators for session accounting. Automatic compaction updates only the active sessionId, compaction counters, and token metadata.
• Embedded attempt results no longer return transcriptLocatorUsed, and context-engine compact() results no longer return transcript locators. Runtime retry loops only accept a successor sessionId.
• Delivery-mirror transcript append results no longer return transcript locators. Callers get the appended messageId; transcript update signals use SQLite scope.
• Parent-session fork helpers return only the forked sessionId. Subagent preparation passes the child agent/session scope to engines.
• CLI runner params and history reseeding no longer accept transcript locators. CLI history reads resolve the SQLite transcript scope from {agentId, sessionId} and session key context.
• CLI and embedded-runner test fixtures now seed and read SQLite transcript rows by session id instead of pretending active sessions are *.jsonl files or passing a sqlite-transcript://... string through runtime params.
• Session tool-result guard events emit from known session scope even when an in-memory manager has no derived locator. Its tests no longer fake active /tmp/*.jsonl transcript files.
• BTW and compaction-checkpoint helpers now read and fork transcript rows by SQLite scope. Checkpoint metadata now stores session ids and leaf/entry ids only; derived locators are no longer written into checkpoint payloads.
• Gateway transcript-key lookup uses SQLite transcript scope at protocol boundaries and no longer realpaths or stats transcript filenames.
• Automatic compaction transcript rotation writes successor transcript rows directly through the SQLite transcript store. Session rows keep only the successor session identity, not a durable JSONL path or persisted locator.
• Embedded context-engine compaction uses SQLite-named transcript rotation helpers. The rotation tests no longer construct JSONL successor paths or model active sessions as files.
• Managed outgoing image retention keys its transcript-message cache from SQLite transcript stats instead of filesystem stat calls.
• Runtime session locks and the standalone legacy .jsonl.lock doctor lane have been removed.
• The Microsoft Teams runtime barrel no longer re-exports the old plugin SDK file-lock helper; its durable state paths are SQLite-backed.
• Session age/count pruning and explicit session cleanup have been removed. Doctor owns legacy import; stale sessions are reset or deleted explicitly.
• Doctor no longer treats agents/<agent>/sessions/ as required runtime state. It only scans that directory when it already exists, as legacy import or orphan-cleanup input.
• Gateway sessions.resolve, session patch/reset/compact paths, subagent spawning, fast abort, ACP metadata, heartbeat-isolated sessions, and TUI patching no longer migrate or prune legacy session keys as a side effect of normal runtime work.
• CLI command session resolution now returns the owning agentId instead of a storePath, and it no longer copies legacy main-session rows during normal --to or --session-id resolution. Legacy main-row canonicalization belongs to doctor only.
• Runtime subagent depth resolution no longer reads sessions.json or JSON5 session stores. It reads SQLite session_entries by agent id, and legacy depth/session metadata can only enter through the doctor import path.
• Auth profile session overrides persist through direct {agentId, sessionKey} row upserts instead of lazy-loading a file-shaped session-store runtime.
• Auto-reply verbose gating and session update helpers now read/upsert SQLite session rows by session identity and no longer require a legacy store path before touching persisted row state.
• Command-run session metadata helpers now use entry-oriented names and module paths; the old session-store command helper surface has been removed.
• Bootstrap header seeding and manual compaction boundary hardening now mutate SQLite transcript rows directly. Runtime callers pass session identity, not writable .jsonl paths.
• Silent session-rotation replay copies recent user/assistant turns by {agentId, sessionId} from SQLite transcript rows. It no longer accepts source or target transcript locators.
• Fresh runtime session rows no longer store transcript locators. Callers use {agentId, sessionId} directly; export/debug commands can choose output file names when they materialize rows.
• Starting a new persisted transcript session now always opens SQLite rows by scope. The session manager no longer reuses a previous file-era transcript path or locator as the identity for the new session.
• Plugin runtime no longer exposes api.runtime.agent.session.resolveTranscriptLocatorPath; plugin code uses SQLite row helpers and scope values.
• The public session-store-runtime SDK surface no longer exports database close/reset test helpers; plugin tests import those through the testing SDK surface instead.
• Active-memory blocking subagent runs use SQLite transcript rows instead of creating temporary or persisted session.jsonl files under plugin state. The old transcriptDir option is removed.
• One-off slug generation and Crestodian planner runs use SQLite transcript rows instead of creating temporary session.jsonl files.
• llm-task helper runs and hidden commitment extraction also use SQLite transcript rows, so these model-only helper sessions no longer create temporary JSON/JSONL transcript files.
• TranscriptSessionManager create, list, fork, branch, and continue paths use SQLite transcript rows only. Doctor/import/debug code handles explicit legacy source files outside the runtime session manager.
• Parent transcript fork decisions and fork creation no longer accept storePath or sessionsDir; they use {agentId, sessionId} SQLite transcript scope instead of retained filesystem path metadata.
• Memory-host no longer exports no-op session-directory transcript classification helpers; transcript filtering now derives from SQLite row metadata during entry construction.
• Memory-host and QMD session-export tests use SQLite transcript scopes. Old agents/<agentId>/sessions/*.jsonl paths stay covered only where a test is intentionally proving doctor/import/export compatibility.
• QA-lab raw session inspection now uses sessions.list through the gateway instead of reading agents/qa/sessions/sessions.json; MSteams feedback appends directly to SQLite transcripts without fabricating a JSONL path.
• Shared inbound channel turns now carry {agentId, sessionKey} rather than a legacy storePath. LINE, WhatsApp, Slack, Discord, Telegram, Matrix, Signal, iMessage, BlueBubbles, Feishu, Google Chat, IRC, Nextcloud Talk, Zalo, Zalo Personal, QA Channel, Microsoft Teams, Mattermost, Synology Chat, Tlon, Twitch, and QQBot recording paths now read updated-at metadata and record inbound session rows through SQLite identity.
• Transcript locator persistence is removed from active session rows. resolveSessionTranscriptTarget returns agentId, sessionId, and optional topic metadata; doctor is the only code that imports legacy transcript file names.
• Embedded PI runs reject incoming transcript handles. They use the SQLite {agentId, sessionId} identity before worker launch and again before the attempt touches transcript state. A stale /tmp/*.jsonl input cannot select a runtime write target.
• Cache trace, Anthropic payload, and diagnostics timeline records now write to SQLite diagnostic KV rows only. The old diagnostics.cacheTrace.filePath, OPENCLAW_CACHE_TRACE_FILE, OPENCLAW_ANTHROPIC_PAYLOAD_LOG_FILE, and OPENCLAW_DIAGNOSTICS_TIMELINE_PATH JSONL override paths are removed.
• Cron persistence now reconciles SQLite cron_jobs rows instead of deleting/reinserting the whole job table on each save. Plugin target writebacks update matching cron rows directly and keep runtime cron state in the same state-database transaction.
• Cron runtime callers now use a stable SQLite cron store key. Legacy cron.store paths are doctor import inputs only; production gateway, task maintenance, status, run-log, and Telegram target writeback paths use resolveCronStoreKey and no longer path-normalize the key. Cron status now reports storeKey rather than the old file-shaped storePath field.
• ACP spawn no longer resolves or persists transcript JSONL file paths. Spawn and thread-bind setup persist the SQLite session row directly and keep the session id as the retained transcript identity.
• ACP session metadata APIs now read/list/upsert SQLite rows by agentId and no longer expose storePath as part of the ACP session entry contract.
• Session usage accounting and gateway usage aggregation now resolve transcripts by {agentId, sessionId} only. The cost/usage cache and discovered-session summaries no longer synthesize or return transcript locator strings.
• Gateway chat append, abort-partial persistence, /sessions.send, and webchat media transcript writes append directly through SQLite transcript scope. The gateway transcript-injection helper no longer accepts a transcriptLocator parameter.
• SQLite transcript discovery now lists transcript scopes and stats only: {agentId, sessionId, updatedAt, eventCount}. The dead listSqliteSessionTranscriptLocators compatibility helper and per-row locator field are gone.
• Transcript repair runtime now exposes only repairTranscriptSessionStateIfNeeded({agentId, sessionId}). The old locator-based repair helper is deleted; doctor/debug code reads explicit source file paths and never migrates locator strings.
• ACP replay ledger runtime now stores per-session replay rows in the shared SQLite state database instead of acp/event-ledger.json; doctor imports and removes the legacy file.
• Gateway transcript reader helpers now live in src/gateway/session-transcript-readers.ts instead of the old session-utils.fs module name. The fallback retry history check is named for SQLite transcript content instead of the old file-helper surface.
• Gateway injected-chat and compaction helpers now pass SQLite transcript scope through internal helper APIs instead of naming values transcript paths or source files.
• Bootstrap continuation detection now checks SQLite transcript rows through hasCompletedBootstrapTranscriptTurn; it no longer exposes a file-shaped helper name.
• Embedded-runner tests now use SQLite transcript identity, and opening a new transcript manager always requires an explicit sessionId.
• Memory indexing helpers now use SQLite transcript terminology end to end: host exports list/build session transcript entries, targeted sync queues sessionTranscripts, and QMD/builtin indexers no longer expose file-shaped helper names.
• The generic plugin SDK persistent-dedupe helper no longer exposes file-shaped options. Callers provide SQLite scope keys and durable dedupe rows live in shared plugin state.
• Microsoft Teams SSO and delegated OAuth tokens moved from locked JSON files to SQLite plugin state. Doctor imports msteams-sso-tokens.json and msteams-delegated.json, rebuilds canonical SSO token keys from payloads, and removes the source files.
• Matrix sync cache state moved from bot-storage.json to SQLite plugin state. Doctor imports legacy raw or wrapped sync payloads and removes the source file.
• Matrix legacy crypto migration status moved from legacy-crypto-migration.json to SQLite plugin state. Doctor imports the old status file; Matrix SDK IndexedDB snapshots moved from crypto-idb-snapshot.json to SQLite plugin blobs. Recovery keys remain file-backed because they are Matrix user secret material rather than OpenClaw runtime cache rows.
• Memory Wiki activity logs now use SQLite plugin state instead of .openclaw-wiki/log.jsonl. The Memory Wiki migration provider imports old JSONL logs; wiki markdown and user vault content stay file-backed as workspace content.
• Memory Wiki no longer creates .openclaw-wiki/state.json or the unused .openclaw-wiki/locks directory. The migration provider removes those retired plugin metadata files if an older vault still has them.
• Crestodian audit entries now use core SQLite plugin state instead of audit/crestodian.jsonl. Doctor imports the legacy JSONL audit log and removes it after successful import.
• Config write/observe audit entries now use core SQLite plugin state instead of logs/config-audit.jsonl. Doctor imports the legacy JSONL audit log and removes it after successful import.
• Crestodian rescue pending approvals now use core SQLite plugin state instead of crestodian/rescue-pending/*.json. Doctor imports legacy pending approval files and removes them after successful import.
• Phone Control temporary arm state now uses SQLite plugin state instead of plugins/phone-control/armed.json. Doctor imports the legacy armed-state file into the phone-control/arm-state namespace and removes the file.
• Doctor no longer repairs JSONL transcripts in place or creates backup JSONL files. It imports the active branch into SQLite and removes the legacy source.
• Session-memory hook transcript lookup uses {agentId, sessionId} scope-only SQLite reads. Its helper no longer accepts or derives transcript locators, legacy file reads, or file-rewrite options.
• Codex app-server conversation bindings now key SQLite plugin state by OpenClaw session key or explicit {agentId, sessionId} scope. They must not preserve transcript-path fallback bindings.
• Codex app-server mirrored-history reads use the SQLite transcript scope only; they must not recover identity from transcript file paths.
• Role-ordering and compaction reset paths no longer unlink old transcript files; reset only rotates the SQLite session row and transcript identity.
• Gateway reset and checkpoint responses return clean session rows plus session ids. They no longer synthesize SQLite transcript locators for clients.
• Memory-core dreaming no longer prunes session rows by probing for missing JSONL files. Subagent cleanup goes through the session runtime API instead of filesystem existence checks. Its transcript-ingestion tests seed SQLite rows directly instead of creating agents/<id>/sessions fixtures or locator placeholders.
• Gateway doctor memory status reads short-term recall and phase-signal counts from SQLite plugin-state rows instead of memory/.dreams/*.json; CLI and doctor output now label that storage as a SQLite store, not a path.
• Sandbox container/browser registries now use the shared sandbox_registry_entries SQLite table. Doctor imports legacy monolithic and sharded JSON registry files and removes successful sources.
• Commitments now use a typed shared commitments table instead of a whole-store JSON blob. Doctor imports legacy commitments.json and removes it after a successful import.
• Cron job definitions, schedule state, and run history no longer have runtime JSON writers or readers. Runtime uses cron_jobs rows with inline runtime state plus cron_run_logs; doctor imports legacy jobs.json, jobs-state.json, and runs/*.jsonl files and removes the imported sources. Plugin target writebacks update matching cron_jobs rows instead of loading and replacing the whole cron store.
• Discord model-picker preferences, command-deploy hashes, and thread bindings now use shared SQLite plugin state. Their legacy JSON import plans live in the Discord plugin setup/doctor migration surface, not in core migration code.
• BlueBubbles catchup cursors and inbound dedupe markers now use shared SQLite plugin state. Their legacy JSON import plans live in the BlueBubbles plugin setup/doctor migration surface, not in core migration code.
• Telegram update offsets, sticker cache rows, sent-message cache rows, topic-name cache rows, and thread bindings now use shared SQLite plugin state. Their legacy JSON import plans live in the Telegram plugin setup/doctor migration surface, not in core migration code.
• iMessage catchup cursors, reply short-id mappings, and sent-echo dedupe rows now use shared SQLite plugin state. The old imessage/catchup/*.json, imessage/reply-cache.jsonl, and imessage/sent-echoes.jsonl files are doctor inputs only.
• Feishu message dedupe rows now use shared SQLite plugin state instead of feishu/dedup/*.json files. Its legacy JSON import plan lives in the Feishu plugin setup/doctor migration surface, not in core migration code.
• Microsoft Teams conversations, polls, pending upload buffers, and feedback learnings now use shared SQLite plugin state/blob tables. The pending upload path uses plugin_blob_entries so media buffers are stored as SQLite BLOBs instead of base64 JSON. The runtime helper names now use SQLite/state naming rather than *-fs file-store naming, and the old storePath shim is gone from these stores. Its legacy JSON import plan lives in the Microsoft Teams plugin setup/doctor migration surface.
• Zalo hosted outbound media now uses shared SQLite plugin_blob_entries instead of openclaw-zalo-outbound-media JSON/bin temp sidecars.
• Diffs viewer HTML and metadata now use shared SQLite plugin_blob_entries instead of meta.json/viewer.html temp files. Rendered PNG/PDF outputs stay temp materializations because channel delivery still needs a file path.
• File Transfer audit decisions now use shared SQLite plugin_state_entries instead of the unbounded audit/file-transfer.jsonl runtime log. Doctor imports the legacy JSONL audit file into plugin state and removes the source after a clean import.
• ACPX process leases and gateway instance identity now use shared SQLite plugin state. Doctor imports the legacy gateway-instance-id file into plugin state and removes the source.
• Gateway media attachments now use the shared media_blobs SQLite table as the canonical byte store. Local paths returned to channel and sandbox compatibility surfaces are temp materializations of the database row, not the durable media store.
• Cache-trace diagnostics, Anthropic payload diagnostics, raw model stream diagnostics, and diagnostics timeline events now write SQLite diagnostic rows instead of logs/*.jsonl files. Runtime path override flags and env vars have been removed; export/debug commands can materialize files explicitly from database rows.
• Gateway singleton locks now use shared SQLite KV instead of temp-dir lock files. Done.
• Gateway restart sentinel state now uses shared SQLite KV instead of restart-sentinel.json; runtime code clears the SQLite row directly and no longer carries file cleanup plumbing.
• Gateway restart intent and supervisor handoff state now use shared SQLite KV instead of gateway-restart-intent.json and gateway-supervisor-restart-handoff.json sidecars.
• Gateway singleton coordination now uses SQLite KV rows under gateway_locks instead of writing gateway.<hash>.lock files. The lock still records pid, config path, process start time, and stale-owner metadata, but SQLite owns the atomic acquire/release boundary.
• Main-session restart recovery now discovers candidate agents through the SQLite agent_databases registry instead of scanning agents/*/sessions directories.
• Gemini session-corruption recovery now deletes only the SQLite session row; it no longer needs a legacy storePath gate or tries to unlink a derived transcript JSONL path.
• Path override handling now treats literal undefined/null environment values as unset, preventing accidental repo-root undefined/state/*.sqlite databases during tests or shell handoffs.
• Config health fingerprints now use shared SQLite KV instead of logs/config-health.json, keeping the normal config file as the only non-credential configuration document.
• Voice Wake trigger and routing settings now use shared SQLite KV instead of settings/voicewake.json and settings/voicewake-routing.json; doctor imports the legacy JSON files and removes them after a successful migration.
• Plugin conversation binding approvals now use shared SQLite KV instead of plugin-binding-approvals.json; the legacy file is a doctor migration input.
• Generic current-conversation bindings now store typed current_conversation_bindings rows instead of rewriting bindings/current-conversations.json; doctor imports the legacy JSON file and removes it after a successful migration.
• Memory Wiki imported-source sync ledgers now store one SQLite plugin-state row per vault/source key instead of rewriting .openclaw-wiki/source-sync.json; the migration provider imports and removes the legacy JSON ledger.
• Memory Wiki ChatGPT import-run records now store one SQLite plugin-state row per vault/run id instead of writing .openclaw-wiki/import-runs/*.json. Rollback snapshots remain explicit vault files until import-run snapshot archival is moved into blob storage.
• Memory Wiki compiled digests now store SQLite plugin blob rows instead of writing .openclaw-wiki/cache/agent-digest.json and .openclaw-wiki/cache/claims.jsonl. The migration provider imports old cache files and removes the cache directory when it becomes empty.
• ClawHub skill install tracking now stores one SQLite plugin-state row per workspace/skill instead of writing or reading .clawhub/lock.json and .clawhub/origin.json sidecars at runtime. Doctor/migrate imports the legacy sidecars from configured agent workspaces and removes them after a clean import.
• The installed plugin index now reads and writes shared SQLite KV installed_plugin_index/current instead of plugins/installs.json; the legacy JSON file is only a doctor migration input and is removed after import.
• The legacy plugins/installs.json path helper now lives in doctor legacy code. Runtime plugin-index modules expose only SQLite-backed persistence options, not a JSON file path.
• Matrix sync cache, storage metadata, thread bindings, inbound dedupe markers, startup verification cooldown state, and SDK IndexedDB crypto snapshots now use shared SQLite plugin state/blob tables. Their legacy JSON import plan lives in the Matrix plugin setup/doctor migration surface. Matrix recovery keys remain explicit Matrix client files until a separate credential/secret export design exists.
• Nostr bus cursors and profile publish state now use shared SQLite plugin state. Their legacy JSON import plan lives in the Nostr plugin setup/doctor migration surface.
• Active Memory session toggles now use shared SQLite plugin state instead of session-toggles.json; toggling memory back on deletes the row instead of rewriting a JSON object.
• Skill Workshop proposals and review counters now use shared SQLite plugin state instead of per-workspace skill-workshop/<workspace>.json stores. Each proposal is a separate row under skill-workshop/proposals, and the review counter is a separate row under skill-workshop/reviews.
• Skill Workshop reviewer subagent runs now use the runtime session transcript resolver instead of creating skill-workshop/<sessionId>.json sidecar session paths.
• ACPX process leases now use shared SQLite plugin state under acpx/process-leases instead of a whole-file process-leases.json registry. Each lease is stored as its own row, preserving startup stale-process reaping without a runtime JSON rewrite path.
• Subagent run registry persistence uses typed shared subagent_runs rows. The old subagents/runs.json path is now only a doctor migration input, and runtime helper names no longer describe the state layer as disk-backed.
• Backup stages the state directory before archiving, copies non-database files, snapshots *.sqlite databases with VACUUM INTO, omits live WAL/SHM sidecars, records snapshot metadata in the archive manifest, and records completed backup runs in SQLite with the archive manifest.
• Plain setup and onboarding workspace preparation no longer create agents/<agentId>/sessions/ directories. They create config/workspace only; SQLite session rows and transcript rows are created on demand in the per-agent database.
• Security permission repair now targets the global and per-agent SQLite databases plus WAL/SHM sidecars instead of sessions.json and transcript JSONL files.
• openclaw reset --scope config+creds+sessions removes per-agent openclaw-agent.sqlite databases plus WAL/SHM sidecars, not only legacy sessions/ directories.
• Gateway aggregate session helpers now use entry-oriented names: loadCombinedSessionEntriesForGateway returns { databasePath, entries }. The old combined-store naming has been removed from runtime callers.
• Docker MCP channel seeding now writes the main session row and transcript events into the per-agent SQLite database instead of creating sessions.json and a JSONL transcript.
• The bundled session-memory hook now resolves previous-session context from SQLite by {agentId, sessionId} and only treats retained transcript paths as legacy metadata. It no longer scans or synthesizes workspace/sessions directories.
• migration_runs records legacy-state migration executions with status, timestamps, and JSON reports.
• migration_sources records each imported legacy file source with hash, size, record count, target table, run id, status, and source-removal state.
• backup_runs records backup archive paths, status, and JSON manifests.
• check:database-first-legacy-stores fails new runtime source that pairs legacy store names with write-style filesystem APIs. Tests and migration, doctor, import, and explicit export code remain allowed. The guard now also covers runtime cache/*.json stores, generic thread-bindings.json sidecars, cron state/run-log JSON, config health JSON, restart and lock sidecars, Voice Wake settings, plugin binding approvals, installed plugin index JSON, File Transfer audit JSONL, and Memory Wiki activity logs.

Target Schema Shape

Keep schemas explicit. Use typed tables for hot paths and kv only for low-risk configuration-shaped state.

Global database:

kv(scope, key, value_json, updated_at)
agents(agent_id, config_fingerprint, created_at, updated_at, agent_db_path)
agent_databases(agent_id, path, schema_version, last_seen_at, size_bytes)
task_runs(...)
task_delivery_state(...)
flow_runs(...)
subagent_runs(run_id, child_session_key, requester_session_key, controller_session_key, created_at, ended_at, cleanup_handled, payload_json)
current_conversation_bindings(binding_key, binding_id, channel, account_id, conversation_id, target_session_key, status, bound_at, expires_at, record_json)
tui_last_sessions(scope_key, session_key, updated_at)
plugin_state_entries(plugin_id, namespace, entry_key, value_json, created_at, expires_at)
plugin_blob_entries(plugin_id, namespace, entry_key, metadata_json, blob, created_at, expires_at)
media_blobs(subdir, id, content_type, size_bytes, blob, created_at, updated_at)
sandbox_registry_entries(registry_kind, container_name, entry_json, updated_at)
cron_run_logs(...)
commitments(id, agent_id, session_key, channel, status, due_earliest_ms, due_latest_ms, updated_at_ms, record_json)
migration_runs(id, started_at, finished_at, status, report_json)
migration_sources(source_key, migration_kind, source_path, target_table, source_sha256, source_size_bytes, source_record_count, last_run_id, status, imported_at, removed_source, report_json)
backup_runs(id, created_at, archive_path, status, manifest_json)

Agent database:

kv(scope, key, value_json, updated_at)
session_entries(session_key, entry_json, updated_at)
transcript_events(session_id, seq, event_json, created_at)
transcript_event_identities(session_id, event_id, seq, event_type, has_parent, parent_id, message_idempotency_key, created_at)
transcript_snapshots(session_id, snapshot_id, reason, event_count, created_at, metadata_json)
vfs_entries(namespace, path, kind, content_blob, metadata_json, updated_at)
tool_artifacts(run_id, artifact_id, kind, metadata_json, blob, created_at)
run_artifacts(run_id, path, kind, metadata_json, blob, created_at)
cache_entries(scope, key, value_json, blob, expires_at, updated_at)

Future search can add FTS tables without changing the canonical event tables:

transcript_events_fts(session_id, seq, text)
vfs_entries_fts(namespace, path, text)

Large values should use blob columns, not JSON string encoding. Keep value_json for small structured data that must remain inspectable with plain SQLite tooling.

Doctor Migration Shape

Doctor should call one explicit migration step that is reportable and safe to rerun:

openclaw doctor --fix

openclaw doctor --fix invokes the state migration implementation after ordinary config preflight and creates a verified backup before import. Runtime startup and openclaw migrate must not import legacy OpenClaw state files.

Migration properties:

• One migration pass discovers all legacy file sources and produces a plan before mutating anything.
• Doctor creates a verified pre-migration backup archive before importing legacy files.
• Imports are idempotent and keyed by source path, mtime, size, hash, and target table.
• Successful source files are removed or archived after the target database has committed.
• Failed imports leave the source untouched and record a warning in migration_runs.
• Runtime code reads SQLite only after the migration exists.
• No downgrade/export-to-runtime-files path is required.

Migration Inventory

Move these into the global database:

• Task registry runtime writes now use the shared database; the unshipped tasks/runs.sqlite sidecar importer is deleted.
• Task Flow runtime writes now use the shared database; the unshipped tasks/flows/registry.sqlite sidecar importer is deleted.
• Plugin state runtime writes now use the shared database; the unshipped plugin-state/state.sqlite sidecar importer is deleted.
• Builtin memory search no longer defaults to memory/<agentId>.sqlite; its index tables live in the owning agent database, and the explicit memorySearch.store.path sidecar opt-in has been retired to doctor config migration.
• Sandbox container/browser registries from monolithic and sharded JSON. Runtime writes now use the shared database; legacy JSON import remains.
• Cron job definitions, schedule state, and run history now use shared SQLite; doctor imports/removes legacy jobs.json, jobs-state.json, and cron/runs/*.jsonl files
• Device identity/auth/bootstrap, pairing, push, update check, commitments, OpenRouter model cache, installed plugin index, and app-server bindings
• Device-pair notification subscribers and delivered-request markers now use the shared SQLite plugin-state table instead of device-pair-notify.json.
• Voice-call call records now use the shared SQLite plugin-state table under the voice-call / calls namespace instead of calls.jsonl; the plugin CLI tails and summarizes SQLite-backed call history.
• QQBot gateway sessions, known-user records, and ref-index quote cache now use SQLite plugin state under qqbot namespaces (sessions, known-users, ref-index) instead of session-*.json, known-users.json, and ref-index.jsonl; the QQBot doctor/setup migration imports and removes the legacy files.
• Discord model-picker preferences, command-deploy hashes, and thread bindings now use SQLite plugin state under discord namespaces (model-picker-preferences, command-deploy-hashes, thread-bindings) instead of model-picker-preferences.json, command-deploy-cache.json, and thread-bindings.json; the Discord doctor/setup migration imports and removes the legacy files.
• BlueBubbles catchup cursors and inbound dedupe markers now use SQLite plugin state under bluebubbles namespaces (catchup-cursors, inbound-dedupe) instead of bluebubbles/catchup/*.json and bluebubbles/inbound-dedupe/*.json; the BlueBubbles doctor/setup migration imports and removes the legacy files.
• Telegram update offsets, sticker cache entries, reply-chain message cache entries, sent-message cache entries, topic-name cache entries, and thread bindings now use SQLite plugin state under telegram namespaces (update-offsets, sticker-cache, message-cache, sent-messages, topic-names, thread-bindings) instead of update-offset-*.json, sticker-cache.json, *.telegram-messages.json, *.telegram-sent-messages.json, *.telegram-topic-names.json, and thread-bindings-*.json; the Telegram doctor/setup migration imports and removes the legacy files.
• iMessage catchup cursors, reply short-id mappings, and sent-echo dedupe rows now use SQLite plugin state under imessage namespaces (catchup-cursors, reply-cache, sent-echoes) instead of imessage/catchup/*.json, imessage/reply-cache.jsonl, and imessage/sent-echoes.jsonl; the iMessage doctor/setup migration imports and removes the legacy files.
• Microsoft Teams conversations, polls, delegated tokens, pending uploads, and feedback learnings now use SQLite plugin state/blob namespaces (conversations, polls, delegated-tokens, pending-uploads, feedback-learnings) instead of msteams-conversations.json, msteams-polls.json, msteams-delegated.json, msteams-pending-uploads.json, and *.learnings.json; the Microsoft Teams doctor/setup migration imports and removes the legacy files.
• Matrix sync cache, storage metadata, thread bindings, inbound dedupe markers, startup verification cooldown state, and SDK IndexedDB crypto snapshots now use SQLite plugin state/blob namespaces under matrix (sync-store, storage-meta, thread-bindings, inbound-dedupe, startup-verification, idb-snapshots) instead of bot-storage.json, storage-meta.json, thread-bindings.json, inbound-dedupe.json, startup-verification.json, and crypto-idb-snapshot.json; the Matrix doctor/setup migration imports and removes those legacy files from account-scoped Matrix storage roots.
• Nostr bus cursors and profile publish state now use SQLite plugin state under nostr namespaces (bus-state, profile-state) instead of bus-state-*.json and profile-state-*.json; the Nostr doctor/setup migration imports and removes the legacy files.
• Active Memory session toggles now use SQLite plugin state under active-memory/session-toggles instead of session-toggles.json.
• Skill Workshop proposal queues and review counters now use SQLite plugin state under skill-workshop/proposals and skill-workshop/reviews instead of per-workspace skill-workshop/<workspace>.json files.
• Outbound delivery and session delivery queues now share the global SQLite delivery_queue_entries table under separate queue names (outbound-delivery, session-delivery) instead of durable delivery-queue/*.json, delivery-queue/failed/*.json, and session-delivery-queue/*.json files. The doctor legacy-state step imports pending and failed rows, removes stale delivered markers, and deletes the old JSON files after import.
• ACPX process leases now use SQLite plugin state under acpx/process-leases instead of process-leases.json.
• Backup and migration run metadata

Move these into agent databases:

• Agent session entries. Done for runtime writes.
• Agent transcript events. Done for runtime writes.
• Compaction checkpoints and transcript snapshots. Done for runtime writes: checkpoint transcript copies are SQLite transcript rows and checkpoint metadata is recorded in transcript_snapshots. Gateway checkpoint helpers now name these values as transcript snapshots rather than source files.
• Agent VFS scratch/workspace namespaces. Done for runtime VFS writes.
• Tool artifacts. Done for runtime writes.
• Run artifacts. Done for worker runtime writes through the per-agent run_artifacts table.
• Agent-local runtime caches. Done for worker runtime scoped cache writes through the per-agent cache_entries table. Gateway-wide model caches stay in the global database unless they become agent-specific.
• ACP parent stream logs. Done for runtime writes.
• ACP replay ledger sessions. Done for runtime writes via acp_replay_sessions and acp_replay_events; legacy acp/event-ledger.json remains only as doctor input.
• Trajectory sidecars when they are not explicit export files. Done for runtime writes: trajectory capture writes agent-database trajectory_runtime_events rows and mirrors run-scoped artifacts into SQLite. Legacy sidecars remain readable only as export/migration compatibility input. Runtime trajectory capture exposes SQLite scope; JSONL path helpers are isolated to legacy export/debug support and are not re-exported from the runtime module. Embedded-runner trajectory metadata records {agentId, sessionId, sessionKey} identity instead of persisting a transcript locator.

Keep these file-backed for now:

• openclaw.json
• auth-profiles.json
• provider or CLI credential files
• plugin/package manifests
• user workspaces and Git repositories when disk mode is selected
• logs intended for operator tailing, unless a specific log surface is moved

Migration Plan

Phase 0: Freeze The Boundary

Make the durable-state boundary explicit before moving more rows:

• Add a migration_runs table to the global database. Done for legacy-state migration execution reports.
• Add a single doctor-owned state migration service for file-to-database import. Done: openclaw doctor --fix uses the legacy-state migration implementation.
• Make plan read-only and make apply create a backup, import, verify, and then delete or quarantine old files. Done: doctor creates a verified pre-migration backup, passes the backup path into migration_runs, and reuses the importer/removal paths.
• Add static bans so new runtime code cannot write legacy state files while migration code and tests can still seed/read them. Done for the currently migrated legacy stores.

Phase 1: Finish The Global Control Plane

Keep shared coordination state in state/openclaw.sqlite:

• Agents and agent database registry
• Task and Task Flow ledgers
• Plugin state
• Sandbox container/browser registry
• Cron/scheduler run history
• Pairing, device, push, update-check, TUI, OpenRouter/model caches, and other small gateway-scoped runtime state
• Backup and migration metadata
• Gateway media attachment bytes. Done for runtime writes; direct file paths are temp materializations for compatibility with channel senders and sandbox staging. Doctor imports legacy media files into media_blobs and removes the source files after successful row writes.
• Debug proxy capture sessions, events, and payload blobs. Done for the default capture path: explicit OPENCLAW_DEBUG_PROXY_DB_PATH remains a one-off diagnostics escape hatch, but normal captures live in the shared state DB and use the same WAL/busy-timeout settings.

This phase also deletes duplicate sidecar openers, permission helpers, WAL setup, filesystem pruning, and compatibility writers from those subsystems.

Phase 2: Introduce Per-Agent Databases

Create one database per agent and register it from the global DB:

~/.openclaw/state/openclaw.sqlite
~/.openclaw/agents/<agentId>/agent/openclaw-agent.sqlite

The global agents or agent_databases row stores the path, schema version, last-seen timestamp, and basic size/integrity metadata. Runtime code asks the registry for the agent DB instead of deriving file paths directly.

The agent DB owns:

• session_entries
• transcript_events
• transcript snapshots and compaction checkpoints. Done for runtime writes.
• vfs_entries
• tool_artifacts and run artifacts
• agent-local runtime/cache rows. Done for worker scoped caches.
• ACP parent stream events
• trajectory runtime events when they are not explicit export artifacts

Phase 3: Replace Session Store APIs

Delete the file-shaped session store surface:

• Replace loadSessionStore(storePath) runtime usage with agent/session row APIs.
• Replace saveSessionStore and updateSessionStore whole-object rewrites with row operations:
  • getSessionEntry(agentId, sessionKey)
  • upsertSessionEntry(agentId, sessionKey, patch | entry)
  • deleteSessionEntry(agentId, sessionKey)
  • listSessionEntries(agentId, filters)
  • SQL cleanup for missing transcript references
• Delete store-writer.ts and queue tests. Done.
• Keep sessions.json parsing only in the migration service and doctor tests.
• Runtime lifecycle fallback reads the SQLite transcript header, not the old JSONL first line.

This is the pass that removes most remaining session-management garbage: file-lock parameters, pruning/truncation vocabulary, store path identity, and tests that prove JSON persistence.

Phase 4: Move Transcripts, ACP Streams, Trajectories, And VFS

Make every agent data stream database-native:

• Transcript append writes go through one SQLite transaction that ensures the session header, checks message idempotency, selects the parent tail, inserts into transcript_events, and records queryable identity metadata in transcript_event_identities.
• ACP parent stream logs become rows, not .acp-stream.jsonl files. Done.
• ACP spawn setup no longer persists transcript JSONL paths. Done.
• Runtime trajectory capture writes event rows/artifacts directly. The explicit support/export command can still produce JSONL bundles as an export format. Done.
• Disk workspaces stay on disk when configured as disk mode.
• VFS scratch and experimental VFS-only workspace mode use the agent DB.

The migration imports old JSONL files once, records counts/hashes in migration_runs, and removes imported files after integrity checks.

Phase 5: Backup, Restore, Vacuum, And Verify

Backups remain one archive file:

• Checkpoint every global and agent database.
• Snapshot each DB with SQLite backup semantics or VACUUM INTO.
• Archive compact DB snapshots, config, credentials/auth profile files, and requested workspace exports.
• Omit raw live *.sqlite-wal and *.sqlite-shm files.
• Verify by opening every DB snapshot and running PRAGMA integrity_check.
• Restore copies snapshots back to their target paths. This branch resets the unshipped SQLite layout to user_version = 1; future shipped schema changes can add explicit migrations when they are needed.

Phase 6: Worker Runtime

Keep worker mode experimental while the database split lands:

• Workers receive agent id, run id, filesystem mode, and DB registry identity.
• Each worker opens its own SQLite connection.
• Parent keeps channel delivery, approvals, config, and cancellation authority.
• Start with one worker per active run; add pooling only after lifecycle and DB connection ownership are stable.

Phase 7: Delete The Old World

After the migration path and row APIs land:

• Remove runtime sessions.json, transcript JSONL, sandbox registry JSON, task sidecar SQLite, and plugin-state sidecar SQLite writes.
• Remove JSON/session pruning and truncation code.
• Remove file locks and lock-shaped tests.
• Remove runtime compatibility exports that only exist to keep old session files current.
• Keep explicit support exports as user-requested archive formats only.

Backup And Restore

Backups should be one archive file, but database capture should be SQLite-native:

1. Stop long-running write activity or enter a short backup barrier.
2. For every global and agent database, run a checkpoint.
3. Snapshot each database using SQLite backup semantics or VACUUM INTO into a temporary backup directory.
4. Archive the compacted database snapshots, config file, credentials directory, selected workspaces, and a manifest.
5. Verify the archive by opening every included SQLite snapshot and running PRAGMA integrity_check.

Do not rely on raw live *.sqlite, *.sqlite-wal, and *.sqlite-shm copies as the primary backup format. The archive manifest should record database role, agent id, schema version, source path, snapshot path, byte size, and integrity status.

Restore should rebuild the global database and agent database files from the archive snapshots. Because the SQLite layout has not shipped yet, this refactor keeps only the version-1 schema plus doctor file-to-database import.

Runtime Refactor Plan

1. Add database registry APIs.

   • Resolve global DB and per-agent DB paths.
   • Keep the unshipped schemas at user_version = 1; do not add schema migration runner code until a shipped schema needs it.
   • Add close/checkpoint/integrity helpers used by tests, backup, and doctor.

2. Collapse sidecar SQLite stores.

   • Move plugin state tables into the global database. Done for runtime writes; the unshipped legacy sidecar importer is deleted.
   • Move task registry tables into the global database. Done for runtime writes; the unshipped legacy sidecar importer is deleted.
   • Move Task Flow tables into the global database. Done for runtime writes; the unshipped legacy sidecar importer is deleted.
   • Move builtin memory-search tables into each agent database. Done; explicit custom memorySearch.store.path is now removed by doctor config migration.
   • Delete duplicate database openers, WAL setup, permission helpers, and close paths from those subsystems.

3. Move agent-owned tables into per-agent databases.

   • Create agent DB on demand through the global database registry. Done.
   • Move runtime session entries, transcript events, VFS rows, and tool artifacts to agent DBs. Done.
   • Do not migrate branch-local shared-DB session entries, transcript events, VFS rows, or tool artifacts; that layout never shipped. Keep only legacy file-to-database import in doctor.

4. Replace session store APIs.

   • Remove storePath as the runtime identity. Done for the shared inbound channel turn/session-record pipeline and mostly done for hot paths: session metadata, route updates, command persistence, CLI session cleanup, Feishu reasoning previews, transcript-state persistence, subagent depth, auth profile session overrides, parent-fork logic, and QA-lab inspection now resolve the database from canonical agent/session keys. Gateway/TUI/UI/macOS session-list responses now expose databasePath instead of legacy path; macOS debug surfaces show the per-agent database as read-only state instead of writing session.store config. /status and chat-driven trajectory export no longer propagate legacy store paths; transcript usage fallback reads SQLite by agent/session identity. Remaining storePath call surfaces are migration/debug metadata and older RPC response fields that still carry SQLite keys for compatibility. Gateway combined-session loading no longer has a special runtime branch for non-templated session.store values; it aggregates per-agent SQLite rows. The legacy session-lock doctor lane and its .jsonl.lock cleanup helper were removed; SQLite is the session concurrency boundary now. Hot runtime call sites use row-oriented helper names such as resolveSessionRowEntry; the old resolveSessionStoreEntry compatibility alias has been removed from runtime and plugin SDK exports.

• Use { agentId, sessionKey } row operations. Done: getSessionEntry, upsertSessionEntry, deleteSessionEntry, patchSessionEntry, and listSessionEntries are SQLite-first APIs that do not require a session store path. Status summary, local agent status, health, and the openclaw sessions listing command now read per-agent rows directly and display per-agent SQLite database paths instead of sessions.json paths.
• Replace whole-store delete/insert with upsertSessionEntry, deleteSessionEntry, listSessionEntries, and SQL cleanup queries. Done for runtime: hot paths now use row APIs and conflict-retried row patches; remaining whole-store import/replace helpers are limited to migration import code and SQLite backend tests.
  • Delete store-writer.ts and writer-queue tests. Done.
  • Delete runtime legacy-key pruning and alias-delete parameters from session row upserts/patches. Done.

5. Delete runtime JSON registry behavior.

   • Make sandbox registry reads and writes SQLite-only. Done.
   • Import monolithic and sharded JSON only from the migration step. Done.
   • Remove sharded registry locks and JSON writes. Done.
   • Keep one typed registry table instead of storing registry rows as generic kv if the shape remains hot-path operational state. Done.

6. Delete file-lock-shaped session mutation.

   • Done for runtime lock creation and runtime lock APIs.
   • The standalone legacy .jsonl.lock doctor cleanup lane is removed.
   • session.writeLock is doctor-migrated legacy config, not a typed runtime setting.
   • Generic plugin SDK dedupe persistence no longer uses file locks or JSON files; it writes shared SQLite plugin-state rows. Done.
   • QMD embed coordination uses a SQLite state lease instead of qmd/embed.lock. Done.

7. Make workers database-aware.

   • Workers open their own SQLite connections.
   • Parent owns delivery, channel callbacks, and config.
   • Worker receives agent id, run id, filesystem mode, and DB registry identity, not live handles.
   • vfs-only stays experimental and uses the agent database as its storage root.
   • Keep one worker per active run first. Pooling can wait until DB connection lifetime and cancellation behavior are boring.

8. Backup integration.

   • Teach backup to snapshot global and agent databases via SQLite backup or VACUUM INTO. Done for discovered *.sqlite files under the state asset.
   • Add backup verification for SQLite integrity and schema version. Done for backup creation and archive verification integrity checks.
   • Record backup run metadata in SQLite. Done via the shared backup_runs table with archive path, status, and manifest JSON.
   • Include VFS/workspace export only when requested; do not export session internals as JSON.

9. Delete obsolete tests and code.

• Remove tests that assert runtime creation of sessions.json or transcript JSONL files. Done for core session store, chat, gateway transcript events, preview, lifecycle, command session-entry updates, auto-reply reset/trace, and memory-core dreaming fixtures, approval target routing, session transcript repair, security permission repair, trajectory export, and session export. Active-memory transcript tests now assert SQLite scopes and no temporary or persisted JSONL file creation. The old heartbeat transcript-pruning regression was removed because runtime no longer truncates JSONL transcripts. Agent session-list tool tests no longer model legacy sessions.json paths as the gateway response shape; app/UI/macOS tests use databasePath. /status transcript-usage tests now seed SQLite transcript rows directly instead of writing JSONL files. Context-engine trajectory capture tests now read trajectory_runtime_events rows from an isolated agent database instead of reading session.trajectory.jsonl. Docker MCP channel seed scripts now seed SQLite rows directly. Direct sessions.json writes are limited to doctor fixtures. Memory-core host events and session-corpus scratch rows now live in shared SQLite plugin-state; events.jsonl and session-corpus/*.txt are legacy doctor migration inputs only. The runtime SQLite session backend test suite no longer fabricates a sessions.json; legacy source fixtures now live in the doctor tests that import them.

• Keep tests that seed legacy files only for migration.

• Replace JSON-file proof with SQL row proof.

• Add static bans for runtime writes to legacy session/cache JSON paths. Done for the repo guard.

10. Make the migration report auditable.
    • Record migration runs in SQLite with started/finished timestamps, source paths, source hashes, counts, warnings, and backup path. Done: legacy-state migration executions now persist a migration_runs report with source path/table inventory, source file SHA-256, sizes, record counts, warnings, and backup path. Done: legacy-state migration executions also persist migration_sources rows for source-level audit and future skip/backfill decisions.
    • Make apply idempotent. Re-running after a partial import should either skip an already imported source or merge by stable key. Done: session indexes, transcripts, delivery queues, plugin state, task ledgers, and agent-owned global SQLite rows import through stable keys or upsert/replace semantics, so reruns merge without duplicating durable rows.
    • Failed imports must keep the original source file in place. Done: failed transcript imports now leave the original JSONL source at its detected path, and migration_sources records the source as warning with removed_source=0 for the next doctor run.

Performance Rules

• One connection per thread/process is fine; do not share handles across workers.
• Use WAL, foreign_keys=ON, a 30s busy timeout, and short BEGIN IMMEDIATE write transactions.
• Keep write transaction helpers synchronous unless/until an async transaction API adds explicit mutex/backpressure semantics.
• Keep parent delivery writes small and transactional.
• Avoid whole-store rewrites; use row-level upsert/delete.
• Add indexes for list-by-agent, list-by-session, updated-at, run id, and expiration paths before moving hot code.
• Store large artifacts as BLOBs or chunked BLOB rows, not base64 JSON.
• Keep kv entries small and scoped.
• Add SQL cleanup for TTL/expiration instead of filesystem pruning. Done for database-owned runtime stores: media, plugin state, plugin blobs, persistent dedupe, and agent cache all expire through SQLite rows. Remaining filesystem cleanup is limited to temporary materializations or explicit removal commands.

Static Bans

Add a repo check that fails new runtime writes to legacy state paths:

• sessions.json
• *.trajectory.jsonl except explicit export/debug paths
• .acp-stream.jsonl
• acp/event-ledger.json
• cache/*.json runtime cache files
• cron/runs/*.jsonl
• jobs-state.json
• device-pair-notify.json
• devices/pending.json
• devices/paired.json
• devices/bootstrap.json
• nodes/pending.json
• nodes/paired.json
• identity/device.json
• identity/device-auth.json
• push/web-push-subscriptions.json
• push/vapid-keys.json
• push/apns-registrations.json
• session-toggles.json
• Memory-core .dreams/events.jsonl
• Memory-core .dreams/session-corpus/
• Memory-core .dreams/daily-ingestion.json
• Memory-core .dreams/session-ingestion.json
• Memory-core .dreams/short-term-recall.json
• Memory-core .dreams/phase-signals.json
• Memory-core .dreams/short-term-promotion.lock
• Skill Workshop skill-workshop/<workspace>.json
• Skill Workshop skill-workshop/skill-workshop-review-*.json
• Nostr bus-state-*.json
• Nostr profile-state-*.json
• calls.jsonl
• known-users.json
• ref-index.jsonl
• QQBot session-*.json
• BlueBubbles bluebubbles/catchup/*.json
• BlueBubbles bluebubbles/inbound-dedupe/*.json
• Telegram update-offset-*.json
• Telegram sticker-cache.json
• Telegram *.telegram-messages.json
• Telegram *.telegram-sent-messages.json
• Telegram *.telegram-topic-names.json
• Telegram thread-bindings-*.json
• iMessage catchup/*.json
• iMessage reply-cache.jsonl
• iMessage sent-echoes.jsonl
• Microsoft Teams msteams-conversations.json
• Microsoft Teams msteams-polls.json
• Microsoft Teams msteams-delegated.json
• Microsoft Teams msteams-pending-uploads.json
• Microsoft Teams *.learnings.json
• Matrix thread-bindings.json
• Matrix inbound-dedupe.json
• Matrix startup-verification.json
• Matrix storage-meta.json
• Matrix crypto-idb-snapshot.json
• sandbox registry shard JSON files
• native hook relay /tmp bridge JSON files
• plugin-state/state.sqlite
• tasks/runs.sqlite
• tasks/flows/registry.sqlite
• bindings/current-conversations.json
• restart-sentinel.json
• gateway.<hash>.lock
• qmd/embed.lock
• settings/voicewake.json
• settings/voicewake-routing.json
• plugin-binding-approvals.json
• plugins/installs.json
• audit/file-transfer.jsonl
• audit/crestodian.jsonl
• crestodian/rescue-pending/*.json
• plugins/phone-control/armed.json
• Memory Wiki .openclaw-wiki/log.jsonl
• Memory Wiki .openclaw-wiki/state.json
• Memory Wiki .openclaw-wiki/locks/
• Memory Wiki .openclaw-wiki/source-sync.json
• Memory Wiki .openclaw-wiki/import-runs/*.json
• Memory Wiki .openclaw-wiki/cache/agent-digest.json
• Memory Wiki .openclaw-wiki/cache/claims.jsonl
• ClawHub .clawhub/lock.json
• ClawHub .clawhub/origin.json
• Browser profile decoration .openclaw-profile-decorated

The ban should allow tests to create legacy fixtures and allow migration code to read/import/remove legacy file sources. Unshipped SQLite sidecars stay banned and do not get doctor import allowances.

Done Criteria

• Runtime data and cache writes go to the global or agent SQLite database.
• Runtime no longer writes session indexes, transcript JSONL, sandbox registry JSON, task sidecar SQLite, or plugin-state sidecar SQLite. The unshipped task and plugin-state sidecar SQLite importers are deleted.
• Legacy file import is doctor-only.
• Backup produces one archive with compact SQLite snapshots and integrity proof.
• Agent workers can run with disk, VFS scratch, or experimental VFS-only storage.
• Config and explicit credential files remain the only expected persistent non-database control files.
• Repo checks prevent reintroducing legacy runtime file stores.