Merge pull request #392 from router-for-me/plus

v6.8.30

.github/workflows/release.yaml

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ jobs:
       - run: git fetch --force --tags
       - uses: actions/setup-go@v4
         with:
-          go-version: '>=1.24.0'
+          go-version: '>=1.26.0'
           cache: true
       - name: Generate Build Metadata
         run: |

.gitignore

@@ -3,10 +3,11 @@ cli-proxy-api
 cliproxy
 *.exe
 
+
 # Configuration
 config.yaml
 .env
-
+.mcp.json
 # Generated content
 bin/*
 logs/*

Dockerfile

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-FROM golang:1.24-alpine AS builder
+FROM golang:1.26-alpine AS builder
 
 WORKDIR /app
 

cmd/server/main.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"errors"
 	"flag"
 	"fmt"
+	"io"
 	"io/fs"
 	"net/url"
 	"os"
@@ -26,6 +27,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/store"
 	_ "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/translator"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/tui"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/usage"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
 	sdkAuth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/auth"
@@ -70,8 +72,10 @@ func main() {
 	// Command-line flags to control the application's behavior.
 	var login bool
 	var codexLogin bool
+	var codexDeviceLogin bool
 	var claudeLogin bool
 	var qwenLogin bool
+	var kiloLogin bool
 	var iflowLogin bool
 	var iflowCookie bool
 	var noBrowser bool
@@ -88,14 +92,18 @@ func main() {
 	var vertexImport string
 	var configPath string
 	var password string
+	var tuiMode bool
+	var standalone bool
 	var noIncognito bool
 	var useIncognito bool
 
 	// Define command-line flags for different operation modes.
 	flag.BoolVar(&login, "login", false, "Login Google Account")
 	flag.BoolVar(&codexLogin, "codex-login", false, "Login to Codex using OAuth")
+	flag.BoolVar(&codexDeviceLogin, "codex-device-login", false, "Login to Codex using device code flow")
 	flag.BoolVar(&claudeLogin, "claude-login", false, "Login to Claude using OAuth")
 	flag.BoolVar(&qwenLogin, "qwen-login", false, "Login to Qwen using OAuth")
+	flag.BoolVar(&kiloLogin, "kilo-login", false, "Login to Kilo AI using device flow")
 	flag.BoolVar(&iflowLogin, "iflow-login", false, "Login to iFlow using OAuth")
 	flag.BoolVar(&iflowCookie, "iflow-cookie", false, "Login to iFlow using Cookie")
 	flag.BoolVar(&noBrowser, "no-browser", false, "Don't open browser automatically for OAuth")
@@ -114,6 +122,8 @@ func main() {
 	flag.StringVar(&configPath, "config", DefaultConfigPath, "Configure File Path")
 	flag.StringVar(&vertexImport, "vertex-import", "", "Import Vertex service account key JSON file")
 	flag.StringVar(&password, "password", "", "")
+	flag.BoolVar(&tuiMode, "tui", false, "Start with terminal management UI")
+	flag.BoolVar(&standalone, "standalone", false, "In TUI mode, start an embedded local server")
 
 	flag.CommandLine.Usage = func() {
 		out := flag.CommandLine.Output()
@@ -494,11 +504,16 @@ func main() {
 	} else if codexLogin {
 		// Handle Codex login
 		cmd.DoCodexLogin(cfg, options)
+	} else if codexDeviceLogin {
+		// Handle Codex device-code login
+		cmd.DoCodexDeviceLogin(cfg, options)
 	} else if claudeLogin {
 		// Handle Claude login
 		cmd.DoClaudeLogin(cfg, options)
 	} else if qwenLogin {
 		cmd.DoQwenLogin(cfg, options)
+	} else if kiloLogin {
+		cmd.DoKiloLogin(cfg, options)
 	} else if iflowLogin {
 		cmd.DoIFlowLogin(cfg, options)
 	} else if iflowCookie {
@@ -536,15 +551,89 @@ func main() {
 			cmd.WaitForCloudDeploy()
 			return
 		}
-		// Start the main proxy service
-		managementasset.StartAutoUpdater(context.Background(), configFilePath)
+		if tuiMode {
+			if standalone {
+				// Standalone mode: start an embedded local server and connect TUI client to it.
+				managementasset.StartAutoUpdater(context.Background(), configFilePath)
+				hook := tui.NewLogHook(2000)
+				hook.SetFormatter(&logging.LogFormatter{})
+				log.AddHook(hook)
 
-		// 初始化并启动 Kiro token 后台刷新
-		if cfg.AuthDir != "" {
-			kiro.InitializeAndStart(cfg.AuthDir, cfg)
-			defer kiro.StopGlobalRefreshManager()
+				origStdout := os.Stdout
+				origStderr := os.Stderr
+				origLogOutput := log.StandardLogger().Out
+				log.SetOutput(io.Discard)
+
+				devNull, errOpenDevNull := os.Open(os.DevNull)
+				if errOpenDevNull == nil {
+					os.Stdout = devNull
+					os.Stderr = devNull
+				}
+
+				restoreIO := func() {
+					os.Stdout = origStdout
+					os.Stderr = origStderr
+					log.SetOutput(origLogOutput)
+					if devNull != nil {
+						_ = devNull.Close()
+					}
+				}
+
+				localMgmtPassword := fmt.Sprintf("tui-%d-%d", os.Getpid(), time.Now().UnixNano())
+				if password == "" {
+					password = localMgmtPassword
+				}
+
+				cancel, done := cmd.StartServiceBackground(cfg, configFilePath, password)
+
+				client := tui.NewClient(cfg.Port, password)
+				ready := false
+				backoff := 100 * time.Millisecond
+				for i := 0; i < 30; i++ {
+					if _, errGetConfig := client.GetConfig(); errGetConfig == nil {
+						ready = true
+						break
+					}
+					time.Sleep(backoff)
+					if backoff < time.Second {
+						backoff = time.Duration(float64(backoff) * 1.5)
+					}
+				}
+
+				if !ready {
+					restoreIO()
+					cancel()
+					<-done
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "TUI error: embedded server is not ready\n")
+					return
+				}
+
+				if errRun := tui.Run(cfg.Port, password, hook, origStdout); errRun != nil {
+					restoreIO()
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "TUI error: %v\n", errRun)
+				} else {
+					restoreIO()
+				}
+
+				cancel()
+				<-done
+			} else {
+				// Default TUI mode: pure management client.
+				// The proxy server must already be running.
+				if errRun := tui.Run(cfg.Port, password, nil, os.Stdout); errRun != nil {
+					fmt.Fprintf(os.Stderr, "TUI error: %v\n", errRun)
+				}
+			}
+		} else {
+      // Start the main proxy service
+      managementasset.StartAutoUpdater(context.Background(), configFilePath)
+
+      if cfg.AuthDir != "" {
+        kiro.InitializeAndStart(cfg.AuthDir, cfg)
+        defer kiro.StopGlobalRefreshManager()
+      }
+
+      cmd.StartService(cfg, configFilePath, password)
 		}
-
-		cmd.StartService(cfg, configFilePath, password)
 	}
 }

config.example.yaml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # Server host/interface to bind to. Default is empty ("") to bind all interfaces (IPv4 + IPv6).
 # Use "127.0.0.1" or "localhost" to restrict access to local machine only.
-host: ""
+host: ''
 
 # Server port
 port: 8317
@@ -8,8 +8,8 @@ port: 8317
 # TLS settings for HTTPS. When enabled, the server listens with the provided certificate and key.
 tls:
   enable: false
-  cert: ""
-  key: ""
+  cert: ''
+  key: ''
 
 # Management API settings
 remote-management:
@@ -20,22 +20,22 @@ remote-management:
   # Management key. If a plaintext value is provided here, it will be hashed on startup.
   # All management requests (even from localhost) require this key.
   # Leave empty to disable the Management API entirely (404 for all /v0/management routes).
-  secret-key: ""
+  secret-key: ''
 
   # Disable the bundled management control panel asset download and HTTP route when true.
   disable-control-panel: false
 
   # GitHub repository for the management control panel. Accepts a repository URL or releases API URL.
-  panel-github-repository: "https://github.com/router-for-me/Cli-Proxy-API-Management-Center"
+  panel-github-repository: 'https://github.com/router-for-me/Cli-Proxy-API-Management-Center'
 
 # Authentication directory (supports ~ for home directory)
-auth-dir: "~/.cli-proxy-api"
+auth-dir: '~/.cli-proxy-api'
 
 # API keys for authentication
 api-keys:
-  - "your-api-key-1"
-  - "your-api-key-2"
-  - "your-api-key-3"
+  - 'your-api-key-1'
+  - 'your-api-key-2'
+  - 'your-api-key-3'
 
 # Enable debug logging
 debug: false
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ debug: false
 # Enable pprof HTTP debug server (host:port). Keep it bound to localhost for safety.
 pprof:
   enable: false
-  addr: "127.0.0.1:8316"
+  addr: '127.0.0.1:8316'
 
 # When true, disable high-overhead HTTP middleware features to reduce per-request memory usage under high concurrency.
 commercial-mode: false
@@ -68,11 +68,15 @@ error-logs-max-files: 10
 usage-statistics-enabled: false
 
 # Proxy URL. Supports socks5/http/https protocols. Example: socks5://user:pass@192.168.1.1:1080/
-proxy-url: ""
+proxy-url: ''
 
 # When true, unprefixed model requests only use credentials without a prefix (except when prefix == model name).
 force-model-prefix: false
 
+# When true, forward filtered upstream response headers to downstream clients.
+# Default is false (disabled).
+passthrough-headers: false
+
 # Number of times to retry a request. Retries will occur if the HTTP response code is 403, 408, 500, 502, 503, or 504.
 request-retry: 3
 
@@ -86,7 +90,7 @@ quota-exceeded:
 
 # Routing strategy for selecting credentials when multiple match.
 routing:
-  strategy: "round-robin" # round-robin (default), fill-first
+  strategy: 'round-robin' # round-robin (default), fill-first
 
 # When true, enable authentication for the WebSocket API (/v1/ws).
 ws-auth: false
@@ -160,6 +164,15 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #       sensitive-words:             # optional: words to obfuscate with zero-width characters
 #         - "API"
 #         - "proxy"
+#       cache-user-id: true          # optional: default is false; set true to reuse cached user_id per API key instead of generating a random one each request
+
+# Default headers for Claude API requests. Update when Claude Code releases new versions.
+# These are used as fallbacks when the client does not send its own headers.
+# claude-header-defaults:
+#   user-agent: "claude-cli/2.1.44 (external, sdk-cli)"
+#   package-version: "0.74.0"
+#   runtime-version: "v24.3.0"
+#   timeout: "600"
 
 # Kiro (AWS CodeWhisperer) configuration
 # Note: Kiro API currently only operates in us-east-1 region
@@ -171,6 +184,21 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #    profile-arn: "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:..."
 #    proxy-url: "socks5://proxy.example.com:1080" # optional: proxy override
 
+# Kilocode (OAuth-based code assistant)
+# Note: Kilocode uses OAuth device flow authentication.
+# Use the CLI command: ./server --kilo-login
+# This will save credentials to the auth directory (default: ~/.cli-proxy-api/)
+# oauth-model-alias:
+#   kilo:
+#     - name: "minimax/minimax-m2.5:free"
+#       alias: "minimax-m2.5"
+#     - name: "z-ai/glm-5:free"
+#       alias: "glm-5"
+# oauth-excluded-models:
+#   kilo:
+#     - "kilo-claude-opus-4-6"  # exclude specific models (exact match)
+#     - "*:free"                # wildcard matching suffix (e.g. all free models)
+
 # OpenAI compatibility providers
 # openai-compatibility:
 #   - name: "openrouter" # The name of the provider; it will be used in the user agent and other places.

examples/custom-provider/main.go

@@ -159,13 +159,13 @@ func (MyExecutor) CountTokens(context.Context, *coreauth.Auth, clipexec.Request,
 	return clipexec.Response{}, errors.New("count tokens not implemented")
 }
 
-func (MyExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipexec.Request, opts clipexec.Options) (<-chan clipexec.StreamChunk, error) {
+func (MyExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth, req clipexec.Request, opts clipexec.Options) (*clipexec.StreamResult, error) {
 	ch := make(chan clipexec.StreamChunk, 1)
 	go func() {
 		defer close(ch)
 		ch <- clipexec.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte("data: {\"ok\":true}\n\n")}
 	}()
-	return ch, nil
+	return &clipexec.StreamResult{Chunks: ch}, nil
 }
 
 func (MyExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, a *coreauth.Auth) (*coreauth.Auth, error) {

examples/http-request/main.go

@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func (EchoExecutor) Execute(context.Context, *coreauth.Auth, clipexec.Request, c
 	return clipexec.Response{}, errors.New("echo executor: Execute not implemented")
 }
 
-func (EchoExecutor) ExecuteStream(context.Context, *coreauth.Auth, clipexec.Request, clipexec.Options) (<-chan clipexec.StreamChunk, error) {
+func (EchoExecutor) ExecuteStream(context.Context, *coreauth.Auth, clipexec.Request, clipexec.Options) (*clipexec.StreamResult, error) {
 	return nil, errors.New("echo executor: ExecuteStream not implemented")
 }
 

go.mod

@@ -1,9 +1,13 @@
 module github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6
 
-go 1.24.0
+go 1.26.0
 
 require (
 	github.com/andybalholm/brotli v1.0.6
+	github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4
+	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v1.0.0
+	github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.10
+	github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0
 	github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0
 	github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0
 	github.com/gin-gonic/gin v1.10.1
@@ -33,8 +37,16 @@ require (
 	cloud.google.com/go/compute/metadata v0.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/Microsoft/go-winio v0.6.2 // indirect
 	github.com/ProtonMail/go-crypto v1.3.0 // indirect
+	github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6 // indirect
 	github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.4.1 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.11.6 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.15 // indirect
+	github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.9.0 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/stringish v0.1.1 // indirect
+	github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.4 // indirect
 	github.com/cloudwego/iasm v0.2.0 // indirect
@@ -42,6 +54,7 @@ require (
 	github.com/dlclark/regexp2 v1.11.5 // indirect
 	github.com/dustin/go-humanize v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1 // indirect
+	github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f // indirect
 	github.com/gabriel-vasile/mimetype v1.4.3 // indirect
 	github.com/gin-contrib/sse v0.1.0 // indirect
 	github.com/go-git/gcfg/v2 v2.0.2 // indirect
@@ -58,19 +71,27 @@ require (
 	github.com/kevinburke/ssh_config v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/klauspost/cpuid/v2 v2.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 // indirect
+	github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.3.0 // indirect
 	github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1 // indirect
+	github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.19 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/md5-simd v1.1.2 // indirect
 	github.com/minio/sha256-simd v1.0.1 // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd // indirect
 	github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 // indirect
+	github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 // indirect
+	github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 // indirect
+	github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0 // indirect
 	github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 // indirect
 	github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.5.0 // indirect
+	github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 // indirect
 	github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 // indirect
 	github.com/sergi/go-diff v1.4.0 // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/match v1.1.1 // indirect
 	github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.2.0 // indirect
 	github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 // indirect
 	github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 // indirect
+	github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e // indirect
 	github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/arch v0.8.0 // indirect
 	golang.org/x/sys v0.38.0 // indirect

go.sum

@@ -10,10 +10,34 @@ github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20200514113438-38f4b401e2be h1:9AeTilPcZAjCFI
 github.com/anmitsu/go-shlex v0.0.0-20200514113438-38f4b401e2be/go.mod h1:ySMOLuWl6zY27l47sB3qLNK6tF2fkHG55UZxx8oIVo4=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5 h1:0CwZNZbxp69SHPdPJAN/hZIm0C4OItdklCFmMRWYpio=
 github.com/armon/go-socks5 v0.0.0-20160902184237-e75332964ef5/go.mod h1:wHh0iHkYZB8zMSxRWpUBQtwG5a7fFgvEO+odwuTv2gs=
+github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4 h1:EH0zSVneZPSuFR11BlR9YppQTVDbh5+16AmcJi4g1z4=
+github.com/atotto/clipboard v0.1.4/go.mod h1:ZY9tmq7sm5xIbd9bOK4onWV4S6X0u6GY7Vn0Yu86PYI=
+github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1 h1:HwpRHbFMcZLEVr42D4p7XBqjyuxQH5SMiErDT4WkJ2k=
+github.com/aymanbagabas/go-osc52/v2 v2.0.1/go.mod h1:uYgXzlJ7ZpABp8OJ+exZzJJhRNQ2ASbcXHWsFqH8hp8=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6 h1:oUp34TzMlL+OY1OUWxHqsdkgC/Zfc85zGqw9siXjrc0=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic v1.11.6/go.mod h1:LysEHSvpvDySVdC2f87zGWf6CIKJcAvqab1ZaiQtds4=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1 h1:c+e5Pt1k/cy5wMveRDyk2X4B9hF4g7an8N3zCYjJFNM=
 github.com/bytedance/sonic/loader v0.1.1/go.mod h1:ncP89zfokxS5LZrJxl5z0UJcsk4M4yY2JpfqGeCtNLU=
+github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v1.0.0 h1:12J8/ak/uCZEMQ6KU7pcfwceyjLlWsDLAxB5fXonfvc=
+github.com/charmbracelet/bubbles v1.0.0/go.mod h1:9d/Zd5GdnauMI5ivUIVisuEm3ave1XwXtD1ckyV6r3E=
+github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.10 h1:otUDHWMMzQSB0Pkc87rm691KZ3SWa4KUlvF9nRvCICw=
+github.com/charmbracelet/bubbletea v1.3.10/go.mod h1:ORQfo0fk8U+po9VaNvnV95UPWA1BitP1E0N6xJPlHr4=
+github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.4.1 h1:a1lO03qTrSIRaK8c3JRxJDZOvhvIeSco3ej+ngLk1kk=
+github.com/charmbracelet/colorprofile v0.4.1/go.mod h1:U1d9Dljmdf9DLegaJ0nGZNJvoXAhayhmidOdcBwAvKk=
+github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0 h1:vYXsiLHVkK7fp74RkV7b2kq9+zDLoEU4MZoFqR/noCY=
+github.com/charmbracelet/lipgloss v1.1.0/go.mod h1:/6Q8FR2o+kj8rz4Dq0zQc3vYf7X+B0binUUBwA0aL30=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.11.6 h1:GhV21SiDz/45W9AnV2R61xZMRri5NlLnl6CVF7ihZW8=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/ansi v0.11.6/go.mod h1:2JNYLgQUsyqaiLovhU2Rv/pb8r6ydXKS3NIttu3VGZQ=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.15 h1:ur3pZy0o6z/R7EylET877CBxaiE1Sp1GMxoFPAIztPI=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/cellbuf v0.0.15/go.mod h1:J1YVbR7MUuEGIFPCaaZ96KDl5NoS0DAWkskup+mOY+Q=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.2 h1:xVRT/S2ZcKdhhOuSP4t5cLi5o+JxklsoEObBSgfgZRk=
+github.com/charmbracelet/x/term v0.2.2/go.mod h1:kF8CY5RddLWrsgVwpw4kAa6TESp6EB5y3uxGLeCqzAI=
+github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.9.0 h1:Qb4KOhYwRiN3viMv1v/3cTBlz3AcAZX3+y9OLhMtAtA=
+github.com/clipperhouse/displaywidth v0.9.0/go.mod h1:aCAAqTlh4GIVkhQnJpbL0T/WfcrJXHcj8C0yjYcjOZA=
+github.com/clipperhouse/stringish v0.1.1 h1:+NSqMOr3GR6k1FdRhhnXrLfztGzuG+VuFDfatpWHKCs=
+github.com/clipperhouse/stringish v0.1.1/go.mod h1:v/WhFtE1q0ovMta2+m+UbpZ+2/HEXNWYXQgCt4hdOzA=
+github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.5.0 h1:x7T0T4eTHDONxFJsL94uKNKPHrclyFI0lm7+w94cO8U=
+github.com/clipperhouse/uax29/v2 v2.5.0/go.mod h1:Wn1g7MK6OoeDT0vL+Q0SQLDz/KpfsVRgg6W7ihQeh4g=
 github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1 h1:zqIqSPIndyBh1bjLVVDHMPpVKqp8Su/V+6MeDzzQBQ0=
 github.com/cloudflare/circl v1.6.1/go.mod h1:uddAzsPgqdMAYatqJ0lsjX1oECcQLIlRpzZh3pJrofs=
 github.com/cloudwego/base64x v0.1.4 h1:jwCgWpFanWmN8xoIUHa2rtzmkd5J2plF/dnLS6Xd/0Y=
@@ -33,6 +57,8 @@ github.com/elazarl/goproxy v1.7.2 h1:Y2o6urb7Eule09PjlhQRGNsqRfPmYI3KKQLFpCAV3+o
 github.com/elazarl/goproxy v1.7.2/go.mod h1:82vkLNir0ALaW14Rc399OTTjyNREgmdL2cVoIbS6XaE=
 github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1 h1:FXtiHYKDGKCW2KzwZKx0iC0PQmdlorYgdFG9jPXJ1Bc=
 github.com/emirpasic/gods v1.18.1/go.mod h1:8tpGGwCnJ5H4r6BWwaV6OrWmMoPhUl5jm/FMNAnJvWQ=
+github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f h1:Y/CXytFA4m6baUTXGLOoWe4PQhGxaX0KpnayAqC48p4=
+github.com/erikgeiser/coninput v0.0.0-20211004153227-1c3628e74d0f/go.mod h1:vw97MGsxSvLiUE2X8qFplwetxpGLQrlU1Q9AUEIzCaM=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0 h1:2Ml+OJNzbYCTzsxtv8vKSFD9PbJjmhYF14k/jKC7S9k=
 github.com/fsnotify/fsnotify v1.9.0/go.mod h1:8jBTzvmWwFyi3Pb8djgCCO5IBqzKJ/Jwo8TRcHyHii0=
 github.com/fxamacker/cbor/v2 v2.9.0 h1:NpKPmjDBgUfBms6tr6JZkTHtfFGcMKsw3eGcmD/sapM=
@@ -101,8 +127,14 @@ github.com/kr/text v0.1.0 h1:45sCR5RtlFHMR4UwH9sdQ5TC8v0qDQCHnXt+kaKSTVE=
 github.com/kr/text v0.1.0/go.mod h1:4Jbv+DJW3UT/LiOwJeYQe1efqtUx/iVham/4vfdArNI=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0 h1:WT9HwE9SGECu3lg4d/dIA+jxlljEa1/ffXKmRjqdmIQ=
 github.com/leodido/go-urn v1.4.0/go.mod h1:bvxc+MVxLKB4z00jd1z+Dvzr47oO32F/QSNjSBOlFxI=
+github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.3.0 h1:2/yBRLdWBZKrf7gB40FoiKfAWYQ0lqNcbuQwVHXptag=
+github.com/lucasb-eyer/go-colorful v1.3.0/go.mod h1:R4dSotOR9KMtayYi1e77YzuveK+i7ruzyGqttikkLy0=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20 h1:xfD0iDuEKnDkl03q4limB+vH+GxLEtL/jb4xVJSWWEY=
 github.com/mattn/go-isatty v0.0.20/go.mod h1:W+V8PltTTMOvKvAeJH7IuucS94S2C6jfK/D7dTCTo3Y=
+github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1 h1:ygSAOl7ZXTx4RdPYinUpg6W99U8jWvWi9Ye2JC/oIi4=
+github.com/mattn/go-localereader v0.0.1/go.mod h1:8fBrzywKY7BI3czFoHkuzRoWE9C+EiG4R1k4Cjx5p88=
+github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.19 h1:v++JhqYnZuu5jSKrk9RbgF5v4CGUjqRfBm05byFGLdw=
+github.com/mattn/go-runewidth v0.0.19/go.mod h1:XBkDxAl56ILZc9knddidhrOlY5R/pDhgLpndooCuJAs=
 github.com/minio/md5-simd v1.1.2 h1:Gdi1DZK69+ZVMoNHRXJyNcxrMA4dSxoYHZSQbirFg34=
 github.com/minio/md5-simd v1.1.2/go.mod h1:MzdKDxYpY2BT9XQFocsiZf/NKVtR7nkE4RoEpN+20RM=
 github.com/minio/minio-go/v7 v7.0.66 h1:bnTOXOHjOqv/gcMuiVbN9o2ngRItvqE774dG9nq0Dzw=
@@ -114,6 +146,12 @@ github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd h1:TRLaZ9cD/w
 github.com/modern-go/concurrent v0.0.0-20180306012644-bacd9c7ef1dd/go.mod h1:6dJC0mAP4ikYIbvyc7fijjWJddQyLn8Ig3JB5CqoB9Q=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2 h1:xBagoLtFs94CBntxluKeaWgTMpvLxC4ur3nMaC9Gz0M=
 github.com/modern-go/reflect2 v1.0.2/go.mod h1:yWuevngMOJpCy52FWWMvUC8ws7m/LJsjYzDa0/r8luk=
+github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6 h1:ZK8zHtRHOkbHy6Mmr5D264iyp3TiX5OmNcI5cIARiQI=
+github.com/muesli/ansi v0.0.0-20230316100256-276c6243b2f6/go.mod h1:CJlz5H+gyd6CUWT45Oy4q24RdLyn7Md9Vj2/ldJBSIo=
+github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2 h1:3I4Kt4BQjOR54NavqnDogx/MIoWBFa0StPA8ELUXHmA=
+github.com/muesli/cancelreader v0.2.2/go.mod h1:3XuTXfFS2VjM+HTLZY9Ak0l6eUKfijIfMUZ4EgX0QYo=
+github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0 h1:S5AlUN9dENB57rsbnkPyfdGuWIlkmzJjbFf0Tf5FWUc=
+github.com/muesli/termenv v0.16.0/go.mod h1:ZRfOIKPFDYQoDFF4Olj7/QJbW60Ol/kL1pU3VfY/Cnk=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2 h1:aYUidT7k73Pcl9nb2gScu7NSrKCSHIDE89b3+6Wq+LM=
 github.com/pelletier/go-toml/v2 v2.2.2/go.mod h1:1t835xjRzz80PqgE6HHgN2JOsmgYu/h4qDAS4n929Rs=
 github.com/pjbgf/sha1cd v0.5.0 h1:a+UkboSi1znleCDUNT3M5YxjOnN1fz2FhN48FlwCxs0=
@@ -124,6 +162,8 @@ github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0 h1:4DBwDE0NGyQoBHbLQYPwSUPoCMWR5BEzIk/f1lZb
 github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0/go.mod h1:iKH77koFhYxTK1pcRnkKkqfTogsbg7gZNVY4sRDYZ/4=
 github.com/refraction-networking/utls v1.8.2 h1:j4Q1gJj0xngdeH+Ox/qND11aEfhpgoEvV+S9iJ2IdQo=
 github.com/refraction-networking/utls v1.8.2/go.mod h1:jkSOEkLqn+S/jtpEHPOsVv/4V4EVnelwbMQl4vCWXAM=
+github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7 h1:WUdvkW8uEhrYfLC4ZzdpI2ztxP1I582+49Oc5Mq64VQ=
+github.com/rivo/uniseg v0.4.7/go.mod h1:FN3SvrM+Zdj16jyLfmOkMNblXMcoc8DfTHruCPUcx88=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1 h1:UQB4HGPB6osV0SQTLymcB4TgvyWu6ZyliaW0tI/otEQ=
 github.com/rogpeppe/go-internal v1.14.1/go.mod h1:MaRKkUm5W0goXpeCfT7UZI6fk/L7L7so1lCWt35ZSgc=
 github.com/rs/xid v1.5.0 h1:mKX4bl4iPYJtEIxp6CYiUuLQ/8DYMoz0PUdtGgMFRVc=
@@ -161,6 +201,8 @@ github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1 h1:SU5vSMR7hnwNxj24w34ZyCi/FmDZTkS
 github.com/twitchyliquid64/golang-asm v0.15.1/go.mod h1:a1lVb/DtPvCB8fslRZhAngC2+aY1QWCk3Cedj/Gdt08=
 github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12 h1:9LC83zGrHhuUA9l16C9AHXAqEV/2wBQ4nkvumAE65EE=
 github.com/ugorji/go/codec v1.2.12/go.mod h1:UNopzCgEMSXjBc6AOMqYvWC1ktqTAfzJZUZgYf6w6lg=
+github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e h1:JVG44RsyaB9T2KIHavMF/ppJZNG9ZpyihvCd0w101no=
+github.com/xo/terminfo v0.0.0-20220910002029-abceb7e1c41e/go.mod h1:RbqR21r5mrJuqunuUZ/Dhy/avygyECGrLceyNeo4LiM=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4 h1:qLwI1I70+NjRFUR3zs1JPUCgaCXSh3SW62uAKT1mSBM=
 github.com/x448/float16 v0.8.4/go.mod h1:14CWIYCyZA/cWjXOioeEpHeN/83MdbZDRQHoFcYsOfg=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.0.0-20210923205945-b76863e36670/go.mod h1:5om86z9Hs0C8fWVUuoMHwpExlXzs5Tkyp9hOrfG7pp8=
@@ -168,12 +210,15 @@ golang.org/x/arch v0.8.0 h1:3wRIsP3pM4yUptoR96otTUOXI367OS0+c9eeRi9doIc=
 golang.org/x/arch v0.8.0/go.mod h1:FEVrYAQjsQXMVJ1nsMoVVXPZg6p2JE2mx8psSWTDQys=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0 h1:jMBrvKuj23MTlT0bQEOBcAE0mjg8mK9RXFhRH6nyF3Q=
 golang.org/x/crypto v0.45.0/go.mod h1:XTGrrkGJve7CYK7J8PEww4aY7gM3qMCElcJQ8n8JdX4=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231006140011-7918f672742d h1:jtJma62tbqLibJ5sFQz8bKtEM8rJBtfilJ2qTU199MI=
+golang.org/x/exp v0.0.0-20231006140011-7918f672742d/go.mod h1:ldy0pHrwJyGW56pPQzzkH36rKxoZW1tw7ZJpeKx+hdo=
 golang.org/x/net v0.47.0 h1:Mx+4dIFzqraBXUugkia1OOvlD6LemFo1ALMHjrXDOhY=
 golang.org/x/net v0.47.0/go.mod h1:/jNxtkgq5yWUGYkaZGqo27cfGZ1c5Nen03aYrrKpVRU=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.30.0 h1:dnDm7JmhM45NNpd8FDDeLhK6FwqbOf4MLCM9zb1BOHI=
 golang.org/x/oauth2 v0.30.0/go.mod h1:B++QgG3ZKulg6sRPGD/mqlHQs5rB3Ml9erfeDY7xKlU=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0 h1:kr88TuHDroi+UVf+0hZnirlk8o8T+4MrK6mr60WkH/I=
 golang.org/x/sync v0.18.0/go.mod h1:9KTHXmSnoGruLpwFjVSX0lNNA75CykiMECbovNTZqGI=
+golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20210809222454-d867a43fc93e/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.0.0-20220715151400-c0bba94af5f8/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.1.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=
 golang.org/x/sys v0.6.0/go.mod h1:oPkhp1MJrh7nUepCBck5+mAzfO9JrbApNNgaTdGDITg=

internal/api/handlers/management/api_tools.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package management
 
 import (
+	"bytes"
 	"context"
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
@@ -189,9 +190,21 @@ func (h *Handler) APICall(c *gin.Context) {
 		reqHeaders[key] = strings.ReplaceAll(value, "$TOKEN$", token)
 	}
 
+	// When caller indicates CBOR in request headers, convert JSON string payload to CBOR bytes.
+	useCBORPayload := headerContainsValue(reqHeaders, "Content-Type", "application/cbor")
+
 	var requestBody io.Reader
 	if body.Data != "" {
-		requestBody = strings.NewReader(body.Data)
+		if useCBORPayload {
+			cborPayload, errEncode := encodeJSONStringToCBOR(body.Data)
+			if errEncode != nil {
+				c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid json data for cbor content-type"})
+				return
+			}
+			requestBody = bytes.NewReader(cborPayload)
+		} else {
+			requestBody = strings.NewReader(body.Data)
+		}
 	}
 
 	req, errNewRequest := http.NewRequestWithContext(c.Request.Context(), method, urlStr, requestBody)
@@ -234,10 +247,18 @@ func (h *Handler) APICall(c *gin.Context) {
 		return
 	}
 
+	// For CBOR upstream responses, decode into plain text or JSON string before returning.
+	responseBodyText := string(respBody)
+	if headerContainsValue(reqHeaders, "Accept", "application/cbor") || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")), "application/cbor") {
+		if decodedBody, errDecode := decodeCBORBodyToTextOrJSON(respBody); errDecode == nil {
+			responseBodyText = decodedBody
+		}
+	}
+
 	response := apiCallResponse{
 		StatusCode: resp.StatusCode,
 		Header:     resp.Header,
-		Body:       string(respBody),
+		Body:       responseBodyText,
 	}
 
 	// If this is a GitHub Copilot token endpoint response, try to enrich with quota information
@@ -747,6 +768,83 @@ func buildProxyTransport(proxyStr string) *http.Transport {
 	return nil
 }
 
+// headerContainsValue checks whether a header map contains a target value (case-insensitive key and value).
+func headerContainsValue(headers map[string]string, targetKey, targetValue string) bool {
+	if len(headers) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	for key, value := range headers {
+		if !strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(key), strings.TrimSpace(targetKey)) {
+			continue
+		}
+		if strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(value), strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(targetValue))) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// encodeJSONStringToCBOR converts a JSON string payload into CBOR bytes.
+func encodeJSONStringToCBOR(jsonString string) ([]byte, error) {
+	var payload any
+	if errUnmarshal := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonString), &payload); errUnmarshal != nil {
+		return nil, errUnmarshal
+	}
+	return cbor.Marshal(payload)
+}
+
+// decodeCBORBodyToTextOrJSON decodes CBOR bytes to plain text (for string payloads) or JSON string.
+func decodeCBORBodyToTextOrJSON(raw []byte) (string, error) {
+	if len(raw) == 0 {
+		return "", nil
+	}
+
+	var payload any
+	if errUnmarshal := cbor.Unmarshal(raw, &payload); errUnmarshal != nil {
+		return "", errUnmarshal
+	}
+
+	jsonCompatible := cborValueToJSONCompatible(payload)
+	switch typed := jsonCompatible.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return typed, nil
+	case []byte:
+		return string(typed), nil
+	default:
+		jsonBytes, errMarshal := json.Marshal(jsonCompatible)
+		if errMarshal != nil {
+			return "", errMarshal
+		}
+		return string(jsonBytes), nil
+	}
+}
+
+// cborValueToJSONCompatible recursively converts CBOR-decoded values into JSON-marshalable values.
+func cborValueToJSONCompatible(value any) any {
+	switch typed := value.(type) {
+	case map[any]any:
+		out := make(map[string]any, len(typed))
+		for key, item := range typed {
+			out[fmt.Sprint(key)] = cborValueToJSONCompatible(item)
+		}
+		return out
+	case map[string]any:
+		out := make(map[string]any, len(typed))
+		for key, item := range typed {
+			out[key] = cborValueToJSONCompatible(item)
+		}
+		return out
+	case []any:
+		out := make([]any, len(typed))
+		for i, item := range typed {
+			out[i] = cborValueToJSONCompatible(item)
+		}
+		return out
+	default:
+		return typed
+	}
+}
+
 // QuotaDetail represents quota information for a specific resource type
 type QuotaDetail struct {
 	Entitlement      float64 `json:"entitlement"`

internal/api/handlers/management/auth_files.go

@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/copilot"
 	geminiAuth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/gemini"
 	iflowauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/iflow"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/kilo"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/kimi"
 	kiroauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/kiro"
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/qwen"
@@ -813,6 +814,87 @@ func (h *Handler) PatchAuthFileStatus(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "ok", "disabled": *req.Disabled})
 }
 
+// PatchAuthFileFields updates editable fields (prefix, proxy_url, priority) of an auth file.
+func (h *Handler) PatchAuthFileFields(c *gin.Context) {
+	if h.authManager == nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusServiceUnavailable, gin.H{"error": "core auth manager unavailable"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var req struct {
+		Name     string  `json:"name"`
+		Prefix   *string `json:"prefix"`
+		ProxyURL *string `json:"proxy_url"`
+		Priority *int    `json:"priority"`
+	}
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "invalid request body"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	name := strings.TrimSpace(req.Name)
+	if name == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "name is required"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx := c.Request.Context()
+
+	// Find auth by name or ID
+	var targetAuth *coreauth.Auth
+	if auth, ok := h.authManager.GetByID(name); ok {
+		targetAuth = auth
+	} else {
+		auths := h.authManager.List()
+		for _, auth := range auths {
+			if auth.FileName == name {
+				targetAuth = auth
+				break
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if targetAuth == nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "auth file not found"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	changed := false
+	if req.Prefix != nil {
+		targetAuth.Prefix = *req.Prefix
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if req.ProxyURL != nil {
+		targetAuth.ProxyURL = *req.ProxyURL
+		changed = true
+	}
+	if req.Priority != nil {
+		if targetAuth.Metadata == nil {
+			targetAuth.Metadata = make(map[string]any)
+		}
+		if *req.Priority == 0 {
+			delete(targetAuth.Metadata, "priority")
+		} else {
+			targetAuth.Metadata["priority"] = *req.Priority
+		}
+		changed = true
+	}
+
+	if !changed {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "no fields to update"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	targetAuth.UpdatedAt = time.Now()
+
+	if _, err := h.authManager.Update(ctx, targetAuth); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": fmt.Sprintf("failed to update auth: %v", err)})
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "ok"})
+}
+
 func (h *Handler) disableAuth(ctx context.Context, id string) {
 	if h == nil || h.authManager == nil {
 		return
@@ -869,11 +951,17 @@ func (h *Handler) saveTokenRecord(ctx context.Context, record *coreauth.Auth) (s
 	if store == nil {
 		return "", fmt.Errorf("token store unavailable")
 	}
+	if h.postAuthHook != nil {
+		if err := h.postAuthHook(ctx, record); err != nil {
+			return "", fmt.Errorf("post-auth hook failed: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
 	return store.Save(ctx, record)
 }
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestAnthropicToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = PopulateAuthContext(ctx, c)
 
 	fmt.Println("Initializing Claude authentication...")
 
@@ -1018,6 +1106,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestAnthropicToken(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestGeminiCLIToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = PopulateAuthContext(ctx, c)
 	proxyHTTPClient := util.SetProxy(&h.cfg.SDKConfig, &http.Client{})
 	ctx = context.WithValue(ctx, oauth2.HTTPClient, proxyHTTPClient)
 
@@ -1193,6 +1282,30 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGeminiCLIToken(c *gin.Context) {
 			}
 			ts.ProjectID = strings.Join(projects, ",")
 			ts.Checked = true
+		} else if strings.EqualFold(requestedProjectID, "GOOGLE_ONE") {
+			ts.Auto = false
+			if errSetup := performGeminiCLISetup(ctx, gemClient, &ts, ""); errSetup != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Google One auto-discovery failed: %v", errSetup)
+				SetOAuthSessionError(state, "Google One auto-discovery failed")
+				return
+			}
+			if strings.TrimSpace(ts.ProjectID) == "" {
+				log.Error("Google One auto-discovery returned empty project ID")
+				SetOAuthSessionError(state, "Google One auto-discovery returned empty project ID")
+				return
+			}
+			isChecked, errCheck := checkCloudAPIIsEnabled(ctx, gemClient, ts.ProjectID)
+			if errCheck != nil {
+				log.Errorf("Failed to verify Cloud AI API status: %v", errCheck)
+				SetOAuthSessionError(state, "Failed to verify Cloud AI API status")
+				return
+			}
+			ts.Checked = isChecked
+			if !isChecked {
+				log.Error("Cloud AI API is not enabled for the auto-discovered project")
+				SetOAuthSessionError(state, "Cloud AI API not enabled")
+				return
+			}
 		} else {
 			if errEnsure := ensureGeminiProjectAndOnboard(ctx, gemClient, &ts, requestedProjectID); errEnsure != nil {
 				log.Errorf("Failed to complete Gemini CLI onboarding: %v", errEnsure)
@@ -1252,6 +1365,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGeminiCLIToken(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestCodexToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = PopulateAuthContext(ctx, c)
 
 	fmt.Println("Initializing Codex authentication...")
 
@@ -1397,6 +1511,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestCodexToken(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestAntigravityToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = PopulateAuthContext(ctx, c)
 
 	fmt.Println("Initializing Antigravity authentication...")
 
@@ -1561,6 +1676,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestAntigravityToken(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestQwenToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = PopulateAuthContext(ctx, c)
 
 	fmt.Println("Initializing Qwen authentication...")
 
@@ -1616,6 +1732,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestQwenToken(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestKimiToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = PopulateAuthContext(ctx, c)
 
 	fmt.Println("Initializing Kimi authentication...")
 
@@ -1692,6 +1809,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestKimiToken(c *gin.Context) {
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestIFlowToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	ctx := context.Background()
+	ctx = PopulateAuthContext(ctx, c)
 
 	fmt.Println("Initializing iFlow authentication...")
 
@@ -1811,8 +1929,6 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGitHubToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	state := fmt.Sprintf("gh-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
 
 	// Initialize Copilot auth service
-	// We need to import "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/copilot" first if not present
-	// Assuming copilot package is imported as "copilot"
 	deviceClient := copilot.NewDeviceFlowClient(h.cfg)
 
 	// Initiate device flow
@@ -1826,7 +1942,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGitHubToken(c *gin.Context) {
 	authURL := deviceCode.VerificationURI
 	userCode := deviceCode.UserCode
 
-	RegisterOAuthSession(state, "github")
+	RegisterOAuthSession(state, "github-copilot")
 
 	go func() {
 		fmt.Printf("Please visit %s and enter code: %s\n", authURL, userCode)
@@ -1838,9 +1954,13 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGitHubToken(c *gin.Context) {
 			return
 		}
 
-		username, errUser := deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, tokenData.AccessToken)
+		userInfo, errUser := deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, tokenData.AccessToken)
 		if errUser != nil {
 			log.Warnf("Failed to fetch user info: %v", errUser)
+		}
+
+		username := userInfo.Login
+		if username == "" {
 			username = "github-user"
 		}
 
@@ -1849,18 +1969,26 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGitHubToken(c *gin.Context) {
 			TokenType:   tokenData.TokenType,
 			Scope:       tokenData.Scope,
 			Username:    username,
+			Email:       userInfo.Email,
+			Name:        userInfo.Name,
 			Type:        "github-copilot",
 		}
 
-		fileName := fmt.Sprintf("github-%s.json", username)
+		fileName := fmt.Sprintf("github-copilot-%s.json", username)
+		label := userInfo.Email
+		if label == "" {
+			label = username
+		}
 		record := &coreauth.Auth{
 			ID:       fileName,
-			Provider: "github",
+			Provider: "github-copilot",
+			Label:    label,
 			FileName: fileName,
 			Storage:  tokenStorage,
 			Metadata: map[string]any{
-				"email":    username,
+				"email":    userInfo.Email,
 				"username": username,
+				"name":     userInfo.Name,
 			},
 		}
 
@@ -1874,7 +2002,7 @@ func (h *Handler) RequestGitHubToken(c *gin.Context) {
 		fmt.Printf("Authentication successful! Token saved to %s\n", savedPath)
 		fmt.Println("You can now use GitHub Copilot services through this CLI")
 		CompleteOAuthSession(state)
-		CompleteOAuthSessionsByProvider("github")
+		CompleteOAuthSessionsByProvider("github-copilot")
 	}()
 
 	c.JSON(200, gin.H{
@@ -2124,7 +2252,48 @@ func performGeminiCLISetup(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, storage
 		}
 	}
 	if projectID == "" {
-		return &projectSelectionRequiredError{}
+		// Auto-discovery: try onboardUser without specifying a project
+		// to let Google auto-provision one (matches Gemini CLI headless behavior
+		// and Antigravity's FetchProjectID pattern).
+		autoOnboardReq := map[string]any{
+			"tierId":   tierID,
+			"metadata": metadata,
+		}
+
+		autoCtx, autoCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
+		defer autoCancel()
+		for attempt := 1; ; attempt++ {
+			var onboardResp map[string]any
+			if errOnboard := callGeminiCLI(autoCtx, httpClient, "onboardUser", autoOnboardReq, &onboardResp); errOnboard != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("auto-discovery onboardUser: %w", errOnboard)
+			}
+
+			if done, okDone := onboardResp["done"].(bool); okDone && done {
+				if resp, okResp := onboardResp["response"].(map[string]any); okResp {
+					switch v := resp["cloudaicompanionProject"].(type) {
+					case string:
+						projectID = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+					case map[string]any:
+						if id, okID := v["id"].(string); okID {
+							projectID = strings.TrimSpace(id)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				break
+			}
+
+			log.Debugf("Auto-discovery: onboarding in progress, attempt %d...", attempt)
+			select {
+			case <-autoCtx.Done():
+				return &projectSelectionRequiredError{}
+			case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+			}
+		}
+
+		if projectID == "" {
+			return &projectSelectionRequiredError{}
+		}
+		log.Infof("Auto-discovered project ID via onboarding: %s", projectID)
 	}
 
 	onboardReqBody := map[string]any{
@@ -2374,6 +2543,14 @@ func (h *Handler) GetAuthStatus(c *gin.Context) {
 	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{"status": "wait"})
 }
 
+// PopulateAuthContext extracts request info and adds it to the context
+func PopulateAuthContext(ctx context.Context, c *gin.Context) context.Context {
+	info := &coreauth.RequestInfo{
+		Query:   c.Request.URL.Query(),
+		Headers: c.Request.Header,
+	}
+	return coreauth.WithRequestInfo(ctx, info)
+}
 const kiroCallbackPort = 9876
 
 func (h *Handler) RequestKiroToken(c *gin.Context) {
@@ -2668,3 +2845,88 @@ func generateKiroPKCE() (verifier, challenge string, err error) {
 
 	return verifier, challenge, nil
 }
+
+func (h *Handler) RequestKiloToken(c *gin.Context) {
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	fmt.Println("Initializing Kilo authentication...")
+
+	state := fmt.Sprintf("kil-%d", time.Now().UnixNano())
+	kilocodeAuth := kilo.NewKiloAuth()
+
+	resp, err := kilocodeAuth.InitiateDeviceFlow(ctx)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("Failed to initiate device flow: %v", err)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{"error": "failed to initiate device flow"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	RegisterOAuthSession(state, "kilo")
+
+	go func() {
+		fmt.Printf("Please visit %s and enter code: %s\n", resp.VerificationURL, resp.Code)
+
+		status, err := kilocodeAuth.PollForToken(ctx, resp.Code)
+		if err != nil {
+			SetOAuthSessionError(state, "Authentication failed")
+			fmt.Printf("Authentication failed: %v\n", err)
+			return
+		}
+
+		profile, err := kilocodeAuth.GetProfile(ctx, status.Token)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Warnf("Failed to fetch profile: %v", err)
+			profile = &kilo.Profile{Email: status.UserEmail}
+		}
+
+		var orgID string
+		if len(profile.Orgs) > 0 {
+			orgID = profile.Orgs[0].ID
+		}
+
+		defaults, err := kilocodeAuth.GetDefaults(ctx, status.Token, orgID)
+		if err != nil {
+			defaults = &kilo.Defaults{}
+		}
+
+		ts := &kilo.KiloTokenStorage{
+			Token:          status.Token,
+			OrganizationID: orgID,
+			Model:          defaults.Model,
+			Email:          status.UserEmail,
+			Type:           "kilo",
+		}
+
+		fileName := kilo.CredentialFileName(status.UserEmail)
+		record := &coreauth.Auth{
+			ID:       fileName,
+			Provider: "kilo",
+			FileName: fileName,
+			Storage:  ts,
+			Metadata: map[string]any{
+				"email":           status.UserEmail,
+				"organization_id": orgID,
+				"model":          defaults.Model,
+			},
+		}
+
+		savedPath, errSave := h.saveTokenRecord(ctx, record)
+		if errSave != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to save authentication tokens: %v", errSave)
+			SetOAuthSessionError(state, "Failed to save authentication tokens")
+			return
+		}
+
+		fmt.Printf("Authentication successful! Token saved to %s\n", savedPath)
+		CompleteOAuthSession(state)
+		CompleteOAuthSessionsByProvider("kilo")
+	}()
+
+	c.JSON(200, gin.H{
+		"status":           "ok",
+		"url":              resp.VerificationURL,
+		"state":            state,
+		"user_code":        resp.Code,
+		"verification_uri": resp.VerificationURL,
+	})
+}

internal/api/handlers/management/config_basic.go

@@ -28,8 +28,7 @@ func (h *Handler) GetConfig(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(200, gin.H{})
 		return
 	}
-	cfgCopy := *h.cfg
-	c.JSON(200, &cfgCopy)
+	c.JSON(200, new(*h.cfg))
 }
 
 type releaseInfo struct {

internal/api/handlers/management/config_lists.go

@@ -796,10 +796,10 @@ func (h *Handler) DeleteOAuthModelAlias(c *gin.Context) {
 		c.JSON(404, gin.H{"error": "channel not found"})
 		return
 	}
-	delete(h.cfg.OAuthModelAlias, channel)
-	if len(h.cfg.OAuthModelAlias) == 0 {
-		h.cfg.OAuthModelAlias = nil
-	}
+	// Set to nil instead of deleting the key so that the "explicitly disabled"
+	// marker survives config reload and prevents SanitizeOAuthModelAlias from
+	// re-injecting default aliases (fixes #222).
+	h.cfg.OAuthModelAlias[channel] = nil
 	h.persist(c)
 }
 

internal/api/handlers/management/handler.go

@@ -47,6 +47,7 @@ type Handler struct {
 	allowRemoteOverride bool
 	envSecret           string
 	logDir              string
+	postAuthHook        coreauth.PostAuthHook
 }
 
 // NewHandler creates a new management handler instance.
@@ -128,6 +129,11 @@ func (h *Handler) SetLogDirectory(dir string) {
 	h.logDir = dir
 }
 
+// SetPostAuthHook registers a hook to be called after auth record creation but before persistence.
+func (h *Handler) SetPostAuthHook(hook coreauth.PostAuthHook) {
+	h.postAuthHook = hook
+}
+
 // Middleware enforces access control for management endpoints.
 // All requests (local and remote) require a valid management key.
 // Additionally, remote access requires allow-remote-management=true.

internal/api/middleware/request_logging.go

@@ -15,10 +15,12 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
 )
 
+const maxErrorOnlyCapturedRequestBodyBytes int64 = 1 << 20 // 1 MiB
+
 // RequestLoggingMiddleware creates a Gin middleware that logs HTTP requests and responses.
 // It captures detailed information about the request and response, including headers and body,
-// and uses the provided RequestLogger to record this data. When logging is disabled in the
-// logger, it still captures data so that upstream errors can be persisted.
+// and uses the provided RequestLogger to record this data. When full request logging is disabled,
+// body capture is limited to small known-size payloads to avoid large per-request memory spikes.
 func RequestLoggingMiddleware(logger logging.RequestLogger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 	return func(c *gin.Context) {
 		if logger == nil {
@@ -26,7 +28,7 @@ func RequestLoggingMiddleware(logger logging.RequestLogger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 			return
 		}
 
-		if c.Request.Method == http.MethodGet {
+		if shouldSkipMethodForRequestLogging(c.Request) {
 			c.Next()
 			return
 		}
@@ -37,8 +39,10 @@ func RequestLoggingMiddleware(logger logging.RequestLogger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 			return
 		}
 
+		loggerEnabled := logger.IsEnabled()
+
 		// Capture request information
-		requestInfo, err := captureRequestInfo(c)
+		requestInfo, err := captureRequestInfo(c, shouldCaptureRequestBody(loggerEnabled, c.Request))
 		if err != nil {
 			// Log error but continue processing
 			// In a real implementation, you might want to use a proper logger here
@@ -48,7 +52,7 @@ func RequestLoggingMiddleware(logger logging.RequestLogger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 
 		// Create response writer wrapper
 		wrapper := NewResponseWriterWrapper(c.Writer, logger, requestInfo)
-		if !logger.IsEnabled() {
+		if !loggerEnabled {
 			wrapper.logOnErrorOnly = true
 		}
 		c.Writer = wrapper
@@ -64,10 +68,47 @@ func RequestLoggingMiddleware(logger logging.RequestLogger) gin.HandlerFunc {
 	}
 }
 
+func shouldSkipMethodForRequestLogging(req *http.Request) bool {
+	if req == nil {
+		return true
+	}
+	if req.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		return false
+	}
+	return !isResponsesWebsocketUpgrade(req)
+}
+
+func isResponsesWebsocketUpgrade(req *http.Request) bool {
+	if req == nil || req.URL == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	if req.URL.Path != "/v1/responses" {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(req.Header.Get("Upgrade")), "websocket")
+}
+
+func shouldCaptureRequestBody(loggerEnabled bool, req *http.Request) bool {
+	if loggerEnabled {
+		return true
+	}
+	if req == nil || req.Body == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	contentType := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(req.Header.Get("Content-Type")))
+	if strings.HasPrefix(contentType, "multipart/form-data") {
+		return false
+	}
+	if req.ContentLength <= 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	return req.ContentLength <= maxErrorOnlyCapturedRequestBodyBytes
+}
+
 // captureRequestInfo extracts relevant information from the incoming HTTP request.
 // It captures the URL, method, headers, and body. The request body is read and then
 // restored so that it can be processed by subsequent handlers.
-func captureRequestInfo(c *gin.Context) (*RequestInfo, error) {
+func captureRequestInfo(c *gin.Context, captureBody bool) (*RequestInfo, error) {
 	// Capture URL with sensitive query parameters masked
 	maskedQuery := util.MaskSensitiveQuery(c.Request.URL.RawQuery)
 	url := c.Request.URL.Path
@@ -86,7 +127,7 @@ func captureRequestInfo(c *gin.Context) (*RequestInfo, error) {
 
 	// Capture request body
 	var body []byte
-	if c.Request.Body != nil {
+	if captureBody && c.Request.Body != nil {
 		// Read the body
 		bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(c.Request.Body)
 		if err != nil {

internal/api/middleware/request_logging_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestShouldSkipMethodForRequestLogging(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name string
+		req  *http.Request
+		skip bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "nil request",
+			req:  nil,
+			skip: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "post request should not skip",
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Method: http.MethodPost,
+				URL:    &url.URL{Path: "/v1/responses"},
+			},
+			skip: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "plain get should skip",
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Method: http.MethodGet,
+				URL:    &url.URL{Path: "/v1/models"},
+				Header: http.Header{},
+			},
+			skip: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "responses websocket upgrade should not skip",
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Method: http.MethodGet,
+				URL:    &url.URL{Path: "/v1/responses"},
+				Header: http.Header{"Upgrade": []string{"websocket"}},
+			},
+			skip: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "responses get without upgrade should skip",
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Method: http.MethodGet,
+				URL:    &url.URL{Path: "/v1/responses"},
+				Header: http.Header{},
+			},
+			skip: true,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i := range tests {
+		got := shouldSkipMethodForRequestLogging(tests[i].req)
+		if got != tests[i].skip {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: got skip=%t, want %t", tests[i].name, got, tests[i].skip)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestShouldCaptureRequestBody(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name          string
+		loggerEnabled bool
+		req           *http.Request
+		want          bool
+	}{
+		{
+			name:          "logger enabled always captures",
+			loggerEnabled: true,
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Body:          io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("{}")),
+				ContentLength: -1,
+				Header:        http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "nil request",
+			loggerEnabled: false,
+			req:           nil,
+			want:          false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "small known size json in error-only mode",
+			loggerEnabled: false,
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Body:          io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("{}")),
+				ContentLength: 2,
+				Header:        http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+			},
+			want: true,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "large known size skipped in error-only mode",
+			loggerEnabled: false,
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Body:          io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("x")),
+				ContentLength: maxErrorOnlyCapturedRequestBodyBytes + 1,
+				Header:        http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "unknown size skipped in error-only mode",
+			loggerEnabled: false,
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Body:          io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("x")),
+				ContentLength: -1,
+				Header:        http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"application/json"}},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+		{
+			name:          "multipart skipped in error-only mode",
+			loggerEnabled: false,
+			req: &http.Request{
+				Body:          io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader("x")),
+				ContentLength: 1,
+				Header:        http.Header{"Content-Type": []string{"multipart/form-data; boundary=abc"}},
+			},
+			want: false,
+		},
+	}
+
+	for i := range tests {
+		got := shouldCaptureRequestBody(tests[i].loggerEnabled, tests[i].req)
+		if got != tests[i].want {
+			t.Fatalf("%s: got %t, want %t", tests[i].name, got, tests[i].want)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/api/middleware/response_writer.go

@@ -14,6 +14,8 @@ import (
 	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/logging"
 )
 
+const requestBodyOverrideContextKey = "REQUEST_BODY_OVERRIDE"
+
 // RequestInfo holds essential details of an incoming HTTP request for logging purposes.
 type RequestInfo struct {
 	URL       string              // URL is the request URL.
@@ -223,8 +225,8 @@ func (w *ResponseWriterWrapper) detectStreaming(contentType string) bool {
 
 	// Only fall back to request payload hints when Content-Type is not set yet.
 	if w.requestInfo != nil && len(w.requestInfo.Body) > 0 {
-		bodyStr := string(w.requestInfo.Body)
-		return strings.Contains(bodyStr, `"stream": true`) || strings.Contains(bodyStr, `"stream":true`)
+		return bytes.Contains(w.requestInfo.Body, []byte(`"stream": true`)) ||
+			bytes.Contains(w.requestInfo.Body, []byte(`"stream":true`))
 	}
 
 	return false
@@ -310,7 +312,7 @@ func (w *ResponseWriterWrapper) Finalize(c *gin.Context) error {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	return w.logRequest(finalStatusCode, w.cloneHeaders(), w.body.Bytes(), w.extractAPIRequest(c), w.extractAPIResponse(c), w.extractAPIResponseTimestamp(c), slicesAPIResponseError, forceLog)
+	return w.logRequest(w.extractRequestBody(c), finalStatusCode, w.cloneHeaders(), w.body.Bytes(), w.extractAPIRequest(c), w.extractAPIResponse(c), w.extractAPIResponseTimestamp(c), slicesAPIResponseError, forceLog)
 }
 
 func (w *ResponseWriterWrapper) cloneHeaders() map[string][]string {
@@ -361,16 +363,32 @@ func (w *ResponseWriterWrapper) extractAPIResponseTimestamp(c *gin.Context) time
 	return time.Time{}
 }
 
-func (w *ResponseWriterWrapper) logRequest(statusCode int, headers map[string][]string, body []byte, apiRequestBody, apiResponseBody []byte, apiResponseTimestamp time.Time, apiResponseErrors []*interfaces.ErrorMessage, forceLog bool) error {
+func (w *ResponseWriterWrapper) extractRequestBody(c *gin.Context) []byte {
+	if c != nil {
+		if bodyOverride, isExist := c.Get(requestBodyOverrideContextKey); isExist {
+			switch value := bodyOverride.(type) {
+			case []byte:
+				if len(value) > 0 {
+					return bytes.Clone(value)
+				}
+			case string:
+				if strings.TrimSpace(value) != "" {
+					return []byte(value)
+				}
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	if w.requestInfo != nil && len(w.requestInfo.Body) > 0 {
+		return w.requestInfo.Body
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (w *ResponseWriterWrapper) logRequest(requestBody []byte, statusCode int, headers map[string][]string, body []byte, apiRequestBody, apiResponseBody []byte, apiResponseTimestamp time.Time, apiResponseErrors []*interfaces.ErrorMessage, forceLog bool) error {
 	if w.requestInfo == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 
-	var requestBody []byte
-	if len(w.requestInfo.Body) > 0 {
-		requestBody = w.requestInfo.Body
-	}
-
 	if loggerWithOptions, ok := w.logger.(interface {
 		LogRequestWithOptions(string, string, map[string][]string, []byte, int, map[string][]string, []byte, []byte, []byte, []*interfaces.ErrorMessage, bool, string, time.Time, time.Time) error
 	}); ok {

internal/api/middleware/response_writer_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+package middleware
+
+import (
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+)
+
+func TestExtractRequestBodyPrefersOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
+
+	wrapper := &ResponseWriterWrapper{
+		requestInfo: &RequestInfo{Body: []byte("original-body")},
+	}
+
+	body := wrapper.extractRequestBody(c)
+	if string(body) != "original-body" {
+		t.Fatalf("request body = %q, want %q", string(body), "original-body")
+	}
+
+	c.Set(requestBodyOverrideContextKey, []byte("override-body"))
+	body = wrapper.extractRequestBody(c)
+	if string(body) != "override-body" {
+		t.Fatalf("request body = %q, want %q", string(body), "override-body")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractRequestBodySupportsStringOverride(t *testing.T) {
+	gin.SetMode(gin.TestMode)
+	recorder := httptest.NewRecorder()
+	c, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(recorder)
+
+	wrapper := &ResponseWriterWrapper{}
+	c.Set(requestBodyOverrideContextKey, "override-as-string")
+
+	body := wrapper.extractRequestBody(c)
+	if string(body) != "override-as-string" {
+		t.Fatalf("request body = %q, want %q", string(body), "override-as-string")
+	}
+}

internal/api/modules/amp/amp.go

@@ -127,8 +127,7 @@ func (m *AmpModule) Register(ctx modules.Context) error {
 		m.modelMapper = NewModelMapper(settings.ModelMappings)
 
 		// Store initial config for partial reload comparison
-		settingsCopy := settings
-		m.lastConfig = &settingsCopy
+		m.lastConfig = new(settings)
 
 		// Initialize localhost restriction setting (hot-reloadable)
 		m.setRestrictToLocalhost(settings.RestrictManagementToLocalhost)

internal/api/modules/amp/proxy.go

@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ func createReverseProxy(upstreamURL string, secretSource SecretSource) (*httputi
 
 		// Don't log as error for context canceled - it's usually client closing connection
 		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
-			log.Debugf("amp upstream proxy [%s]: client canceled request for %s %s", errType, req.Method, req.URL.Path)
+			return
 		} else {
 			log.Errorf("amp upstream proxy error [%s] for %s %s: %v", errType, req.Method, req.URL.Path, err)
 		}

internal/api/modules/amp/proxy_test.go

@@ -493,6 +493,30 @@ func TestReverseProxy_ErrorHandler(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestReverseProxy_ErrorHandler_ContextCanceled(t *testing.T) {
+	// Test that context.Canceled errors return 499 without generic error response
+	proxy, err := createReverseProxy("http://example.com", NewStaticSecretSource(""))
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatal(err)
+	}
+
+	// Create a canceled context to trigger the cancellation path
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	cancel() // Cancel immediately
+
+	req := httptest.NewRequest(http.MethodGet, "/test", nil).WithContext(ctx)
+	rr := httptest.NewRecorder()
+
+	// Directly invoke the ErrorHandler with context.Canceled
+	proxy.ErrorHandler(rr, req, context.Canceled)
+
+	// Body should be empty for canceled requests (no JSON error response)
+	body := rr.Body.Bytes()
+	if len(body) > 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected empty body for canceled context, got: %s", body)
+	}
+}
+
 func TestReverseProxy_FullRoundTrip_Gzip(t *testing.T) {
 	// Upstream returns gzipped JSON without Content-Encoding header
 	upstream := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {

internal/api/server.go

@@ -52,6 +52,7 @@ type serverOptionConfig struct {
 	keepAliveEnabled     bool
 	keepAliveTimeout     time.Duration
 	keepAliveOnTimeout   func()
+	postAuthHook         auth.PostAuthHook
 }
 
 // ServerOption customises HTTP server construction.
@@ -112,6 +113,13 @@ func WithRequestLoggerFactory(factory func(*config.Config, string) logging.Reque
 	}
 }
 
+// WithPostAuthHook registers a hook to be called after auth record creation.
+func WithPostAuthHook(hook auth.PostAuthHook) ServerOption {
+	return func(cfg *serverOptionConfig) {
+		cfg.postAuthHook = hook
+	}
+}
+
 // Server represents the main API server.
 // It encapsulates the Gin engine, HTTP server, handlers, and configuration.
 type Server struct {
@@ -263,6 +271,9 @@ func NewServer(cfg *config.Config, authManager *auth.Manager, accessManager *sdk
 	}
 	logDir := logging.ResolveLogDirectory(cfg)
 	s.mgmt.SetLogDirectory(logDir)
+	if optionState.postAuthHook != nil {
+		s.mgmt.SetPostAuthHook(optionState.postAuthHook)
+	}
 	s.localPassword = optionState.localPassword
 
 	// Setup routes
@@ -285,8 +296,9 @@ func NewServer(cfg *config.Config, authManager *auth.Manager, accessManager *sdk
 		optionState.routerConfigurator(engine, s.handlers, cfg)
 	}
 
-	// Register management routes when configuration or environment secrets are available.
-	hasManagementSecret := cfg.RemoteManagement.SecretKey != "" || envManagementSecret
+	// Register management routes when configuration or environment secrets are available,
+	// or when a local management password is provided (e.g. TUI mode).
+	hasManagementSecret := cfg.RemoteManagement.SecretKey != "" || envManagementSecret || s.localPassword != ""
 	s.managementRoutesEnabled.Store(hasManagementSecret)
 	if hasManagementSecret {
 		s.registerManagementRoutes()
@@ -329,6 +341,7 @@ func (s *Server) setupRoutes() {
 		v1.POST("/completions", openaiHandlers.Completions)
 		v1.POST("/messages", claudeCodeHandlers.ClaudeMessages)
 		v1.POST("/messages/count_tokens", claudeCodeHandlers.ClaudeCountTokens)
+		v1.GET("/responses", openaiResponsesHandlers.ResponsesWebsocket)
 		v1.POST("/responses", openaiResponsesHandlers.Responses)
 		v1.POST("/responses/compact", openaiResponsesHandlers.Compact)
 	}
@@ -642,6 +655,7 @@ func (s *Server) registerManagementRoutes() {
 		mgmt.POST("/auth-files", s.mgmt.UploadAuthFile)
 		mgmt.DELETE("/auth-files", s.mgmt.DeleteAuthFile)
 		mgmt.PATCH("/auth-files/status", s.mgmt.PatchAuthFileStatus)
+		mgmt.PATCH("/auth-files/fields", s.mgmt.PatchAuthFileFields)
 		mgmt.POST("/vertex/import", s.mgmt.ImportVertexCredential)
 
 		mgmt.GET("/anthropic-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestAnthropicToken)
@@ -649,6 +663,7 @@ func (s *Server) registerManagementRoutes() {
 		mgmt.GET("/gemini-cli-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestGeminiCLIToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/antigravity-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestAntigravityToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/qwen-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestQwenToken)
+		mgmt.GET("/kilo-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestKiloToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/kimi-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestKimiToken)
 		mgmt.GET("/iflow-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestIFlowToken)
 		mgmt.POST("/iflow-auth-url", s.mgmt.RequestIFlowCookieToken)

internal/auth/claude/anthropic_auth.go

@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ import (
 // OAuth configuration constants for Claude/Anthropic
 const (
 	AuthURL     = "https://claude.ai/oauth/authorize"
-	TokenURL    = "https://console.anthropic.com/v1/oauth/token"
+	TokenURL    = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/oauth/token"
 	ClientID    = "9d1c250a-e61b-44d9-88ed-5944d1962f5e"
 	RedirectURI = "http://localhost:54545/callback"
 )

internal/auth/claude/token.go

@@ -36,11 +36,21 @@ type ClaudeTokenStorage struct {
 
 	// Expire is the timestamp when the current access token expires.
 	Expire string `json:"expired"`
+
+	// Metadata holds arbitrary key-value pairs injected via hooks.
+	// It is not exported to JSON directly to allow flattening during serialization.
+	Metadata map[string]any `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// SetMetadata allows external callers to inject metadata into the storage before saving.
+func (ts *ClaudeTokenStorage) SetMetadata(meta map[string]any) {
+	ts.Metadata = meta
 }
 
 // SaveTokenToFile serializes the Claude token storage to a JSON file.
 // This method creates the necessary directory structure and writes the token
 // data in JSON format to the specified file path for persistent storage.
+// It merges any injected metadata into the top-level JSON object.
 //
 // Parameters:
 //   - authFilePath: The full path where the token file should be saved
@@ -65,8 +75,14 @@ func (ts *ClaudeTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 		_ = f.Close()
 	}()
 
+	// Merge metadata using helper
+	data, errMerge := misc.MergeMetadata(ts, ts.Metadata)
+	if errMerge != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge metadata: %w", errMerge)
+	}
+
 	// Encode and write the token data as JSON
-	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(data); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil

internal/auth/codex/openai_auth.go

@@ -71,16 +71,26 @@ func (o *CodexAuth) GenerateAuthURL(state string, pkceCodes *PKCECodes) (string,
 // It performs an HTTP POST request to the OpenAI token endpoint with the provided
 // authorization code and PKCE verifier.
 func (o *CodexAuth) ExchangeCodeForTokens(ctx context.Context, code string, pkceCodes *PKCECodes) (*CodexAuthBundle, error) {
+	return o.ExchangeCodeForTokensWithRedirect(ctx, code, RedirectURI, pkceCodes)
+}
+
+// ExchangeCodeForTokensWithRedirect exchanges an authorization code for tokens using
+// a caller-provided redirect URI. This supports alternate auth flows such as device
+// login while preserving the existing token parsing and storage behavior.
+func (o *CodexAuth) ExchangeCodeForTokensWithRedirect(ctx context.Context, code, redirectURI string, pkceCodes *PKCECodes) (*CodexAuthBundle, error) {
 	if pkceCodes == nil {
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("PKCE codes are required for token exchange")
 	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(redirectURI) == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("redirect URI is required for token exchange")
+	}
 
 	// Prepare token exchange request
 	data := url.Values{
 		"grant_type":    {"authorization_code"},
 		"client_id":     {ClientID},
 		"code":          {code},
-		"redirect_uri":  {RedirectURI},
+		"redirect_uri":  {strings.TrimSpace(redirectURI)},
 		"code_verifier": {pkceCodes.CodeVerifier},
 	}
 
@@ -266,6 +276,10 @@ func (o *CodexAuth) RefreshTokensWithRetry(ctx context.Context, refreshToken str
 		if err == nil {
 			return tokenData, nil
 		}
+		if isNonRetryableRefreshErr(err) {
+			log.Warnf("Token refresh attempt %d failed with non-retryable error: %v", attempt+1, err)
+			return nil, err
+		}
 
 		lastErr = err
 		log.Warnf("Token refresh attempt %d failed: %v", attempt+1, err)
@@ -274,6 +288,14 @@ func (o *CodexAuth) RefreshTokensWithRetry(ctx context.Context, refreshToken str
 	return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed after %d attempts: %w", maxRetries, lastErr)
 }
 
+func isNonRetryableRefreshErr(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	raw := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
+	return strings.Contains(raw, "refresh_token_reused")
+}
+
 // UpdateTokenStorage updates an existing CodexTokenStorage with new token data.
 // This is typically called after a successful token refresh to persist the new credentials.
 func (o *CodexAuth) UpdateTokenStorage(storage *CodexTokenStorage, tokenData *CodexTokenData) {

internal/auth/codex/openai_auth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+package codex
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	return f(req)
+}
+
+func TestRefreshTokensWithRetry_NonRetryableOnlyAttemptsOnce(t *testing.T) {
+	var calls int32
+	auth := &CodexAuth{
+		httpClient: &http.Client{
+			Transport: roundTripFunc(func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+				atomic.AddInt32(&calls, 1)
+				return &http.Response{
+					StatusCode: http.StatusBadRequest,
+					Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(`{"error":"invalid_grant","code":"refresh_token_reused"}`)),
+					Header:     make(http.Header),
+					Request:    req,
+				}, nil
+			}),
+		},
+	}
+
+	_, err := auth.RefreshTokensWithRetry(context.Background(), "dummy_refresh_token", 3)
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatalf("expected error for non-retryable refresh failure")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(err.Error()), "refresh_token_reused") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected refresh_token_reused in error, got: %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := atomic.LoadInt32(&calls); got != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 refresh attempt, got %d", got)
+	}
+}

internal/auth/codex/token.go

@@ -32,11 +32,21 @@ type CodexTokenStorage struct {
 	Type string `json:"type"`
 	// Expire is the timestamp when the current access token expires.
 	Expire string `json:"expired"`
+
+	// Metadata holds arbitrary key-value pairs injected via hooks.
+	// It is not exported to JSON directly to allow flattening during serialization.
+	Metadata map[string]any `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// SetMetadata allows external callers to inject metadata into the storage before saving.
+func (ts *CodexTokenStorage) SetMetadata(meta map[string]any) {
+	ts.Metadata = meta
 }
 
 // SaveTokenToFile serializes the Codex token storage to a JSON file.
 // This method creates the necessary directory structure and writes the token
 // data in JSON format to the specified file path for persistent storage.
+// It merges any injected metadata into the top-level JSON object.
 //
 // Parameters:
 //   - authFilePath: The full path where the token file should be saved
@@ -58,7 +68,13 @@ func (ts *CodexTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 		_ = f.Close()
 	}()
 
-	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+	// Merge metadata using helper
+	data, errMerge := misc.MergeMetadata(ts, ts.Metadata)
+	if errMerge != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge metadata: %w", errMerge)
+	}
+
+	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(data); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil

internal/auth/copilot/copilot_auth.go

@@ -82,15 +82,21 @@ func (c *CopilotAuth) WaitForAuthorization(ctx context.Context, deviceCode *Devi
 	}
 
 	// Fetch the GitHub username
-	username, err := c.deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, tokenData.AccessToken)
+	userInfo, err := c.deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, tokenData.AccessToken)
 	if err != nil {
 		log.Warnf("copilot: failed to fetch user info: %v", err)
-		username = "unknown"
+	}
+
+	username := userInfo.Login
+	if username == "" {
+		username = "github-user"
 	}
 
 	return &CopilotAuthBundle{
 		TokenData: tokenData,
 		Username:  username,
+		Email:     userInfo.Email,
+		Name:      userInfo.Name,
 	}, nil
 }
 
@@ -150,12 +156,12 @@ func (c *CopilotAuth) ValidateToken(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) (bo
 		return false, "", nil
 	}
 
-	username, err := c.deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, accessToken)
+	userInfo, err := c.deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, accessToken)
 	if err != nil {
 		return false, "", err
 	}
 
-	return true, username, nil
+	return true, userInfo.Login, nil
 }
 
 // CreateTokenStorage creates a new CopilotTokenStorage from auth bundle.
@@ -165,6 +171,8 @@ func (c *CopilotAuth) CreateTokenStorage(bundle *CopilotAuthBundle) *CopilotToke
 		TokenType:   bundle.TokenData.TokenType,
 		Scope:       bundle.TokenData.Scope,
 		Username:    bundle.Username,
+		Email:       bundle.Email,
+		Name:        bundle.Name,
 		Type:        "github-copilot",
 	}
 }

internal/auth/copilot/oauth.go

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ func NewDeviceFlowClient(cfg *config.Config) *DeviceFlowClient {
 func (c *DeviceFlowClient) RequestDeviceCode(ctx context.Context) (*DeviceCodeResponse, error) {
 	data := url.Values{}
 	data.Set("client_id", copilotClientID)
-	data.Set("scope", "user:email")
+	data.Set("scope", "read:user user:email")
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, copilotDeviceCodeURL, strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
 	if err != nil {
@@ -211,15 +211,25 @@ func (c *DeviceFlowClient) exchangeDeviceCode(ctx context.Context, deviceCode st
 	}, nil
 }
 
-// FetchUserInfo retrieves the GitHub username for the authenticated user.
-func (c *DeviceFlowClient) FetchUserInfo(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) (string, error) {
+// GitHubUserInfo holds GitHub user profile information.
+type GitHubUserInfo struct {
+	// Login is the GitHub username.
+	Login string
+	// Email is the primary email address (may be empty if not public).
+	Email string
+	// Name is the display name.
+	Name string
+}
+
+// FetchUserInfo retrieves the GitHub user profile for the authenticated user.
+func (c *DeviceFlowClient) FetchUserInfo(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) (GitHubUserInfo, error) {
 	if accessToken == "" {
-		return "", NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("access token is empty"))
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("access token is empty"))
 	}
 
 	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, copilotUserInfoURL, nil)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
 	}
 	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
 	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
@@ -227,7 +237,7 @@ func (c *DeviceFlowClient) FetchUserInfo(ctx context.Context, accessToken string
 
 	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
 	}
 	defer func() {
 		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
@@ -237,19 +247,25 @@ func (c *DeviceFlowClient) FetchUserInfo(ctx context.Context, accessToken string
 
 	if !isHTTPSuccess(resp.StatusCode) {
 		bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		return "", NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(bodyBytes)))
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(bodyBytes)))
 	}
 
-	var userInfo struct {
+	var raw struct {
 		Login string `json:"login"`
+		Email string `json:"email"`
+		Name  string `json:"name"`
 	}
-	if err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&userInfo); err != nil {
-		return "", NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
+	if err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&raw); err != nil {
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
 	}
 
-	if userInfo.Login == "" {
-		return "", NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("empty username"))
+	if raw.Login == "" {
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("empty username"))
 	}
 
-	return userInfo.Login, nil
+	return GitHubUserInfo{
+		Login: raw.Login,
+		Email: raw.Email,
+		Name:  raw.Name,
+	}, nil
 }

internal/auth/copilot/oauth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package copilot
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// roundTripFunc lets us inject a custom transport for testing.
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return f(r) }
+
+// newTestClient returns an *http.Client whose requests are redirected to the given test server,
+// regardless of the original URL host.
+func newTestClient(srv *httptest.Server) *http.Client {
+	return &http.Client{
+		Transport: roundTripFunc(func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			req2 := req.Clone(req.Context())
+			req2.URL.Scheme = "http"
+			req2.URL.Host = strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http://")
+			return srv.Client().Transport.RoundTrip(req2)
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_FullProfile verifies that FetchUserInfo returns login, email, and name.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_FullProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer ") {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
+			"login": "octocat",
+			"email": "octocat@github.com",
+			"name":  "The Octocat",
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	info, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "test-token")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if info.Login != "octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("Login: got %q, want %q", info.Login, "octocat")
+	}
+	if info.Email != "octocat@github.com" {
+		t.Errorf("Email: got %q, want %q", info.Email, "octocat@github.com")
+	}
+	if info.Name != "The Octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("Name: got %q, want %q", info.Name, "The Octocat")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyEmail verifies graceful handling when email is absent (private account).
+func TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		// GitHub returns null for private emails.
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"login":"privateuser","email":null,"name":"Private User"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	info, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "test-token")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if info.Login != "privateuser" {
+		t.Errorf("Login: got %q, want %q", info.Login, "privateuser")
+	}
+	if info.Email != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Email: got %q, want empty string", info.Email)
+	}
+	if info.Name != "Private User" {
+		t.Errorf("Name: got %q, want %q", info.Name, "Private User")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyToken verifies error is returned for empty access token.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyToken(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: http.DefaultClient}
+	_, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for empty token, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyLogin verifies error is returned when API returns no login.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"email":"someone@example.com","name":"No Login"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	_, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "test-token")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for empty login, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_HTTPError verifies error is returned on non-2xx response.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_HTTPError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"message":"Bad credentials"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	_, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "bad-token")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for 401 response, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCopilotTokenStorage_EmailNameFields verifies Email and Name serialise correctly.
+func TestCopilotTokenStorage_EmailNameFields(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := &CopilotTokenStorage{
+		AccessToken: "ghu_abc",
+		TokenType:   "bearer",
+		Scope:       "read:user user:email",
+		Username:    "octocat",
+		Email:       "octocat@github.com",
+		Name:        "The Octocat",
+		Type:        "github-copilot",
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(ts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(data, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"access_token", "username", "email", "name", "type"} {
+		if _, ok := out[key]; !ok {
+			t.Errorf("expected key %q in JSON output, not found", key)
+		}
+	}
+	if out["email"] != "octocat@github.com" {
+		t.Errorf("email: got %v, want %q", out["email"], "octocat@github.com")
+	}
+	if out["name"] != "The Octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("name: got %v, want %q", out["name"], "The Octocat")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCopilotTokenStorage_OmitEmptyEmailName verifies email/name are omitted when empty (omitempty).
+func TestCopilotTokenStorage_OmitEmptyEmailName(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := &CopilotTokenStorage{
+		AccessToken: "ghu_abc",
+		Username:    "octocat",
+		Type:        "github-copilot",
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(ts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(data, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := out["email"]; ok {
+		t.Error("email key should be omitted when empty (omitempty), but was present")
+	}
+	if _, ok := out["name"]; ok {
+		t.Error("name key should be omitted when empty (omitempty), but was present")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCopilotAuthBundle_EmailNameFields verifies bundle carries email and name through the pipeline.
+func TestCopilotAuthBundle_EmailNameFields(t *testing.T) {
+	bundle := &CopilotAuthBundle{
+		TokenData: &CopilotTokenData{AccessToken: "ghu_abc"},
+		Username:  "octocat",
+		Email:     "octocat@github.com",
+		Name:      "The Octocat",
+	}
+	if bundle.Email != "octocat@github.com" {
+		t.Errorf("bundle.Email: got %q, want %q", bundle.Email, "octocat@github.com")
+	}
+	if bundle.Name != "The Octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("bundle.Name: got %q, want %q", bundle.Name, "The Octocat")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGitHubUserInfo_Struct verifies the exported GitHubUserInfo struct fields are accessible.
+func TestGitHubUserInfo_Struct(t *testing.T) {
+	info := GitHubUserInfo{
+		Login: "octocat",
+		Email: "octocat@github.com",
+		Name:  "The Octocat",
+	}
+	if info.Login == "" || info.Email == "" || info.Name == "" {
+		t.Error("GitHubUserInfo fields should not be empty")
+	}
+}

internal/auth/copilot/token.go

@@ -26,6 +26,10 @@ type CopilotTokenStorage struct {
 	ExpiresAt string `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
 	// Username is the GitHub username associated with this token.
 	Username string `json:"username"`
+	// Email is the GitHub email address associated with this token.
+	Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	// Name is the GitHub display name associated with this token.
+	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`
 	// Type indicates the authentication provider type, always "github-copilot" for this storage.
 	Type string `json:"type"`
 }
@@ -46,6 +50,10 @@ type CopilotAuthBundle struct {
 	TokenData *CopilotTokenData
 	// Username is the GitHub username.
 	Username string
+	// Email is the GitHub email address.
+	Email string
+	// Name is the GitHub display name.
+	Name string
 }
 
 // DeviceCodeResponse represents GitHub's device code response.

internal/auth/gemini/gemini_token.go

@@ -35,11 +35,21 @@ type GeminiTokenStorage struct {
 
 	// Type indicates the authentication provider type, always "gemini" for this storage.
 	Type string `json:"type"`
+
+	// Metadata holds arbitrary key-value pairs injected via hooks.
+	// It is not exported to JSON directly to allow flattening during serialization.
+	Metadata map[string]any `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// SetMetadata allows external callers to inject metadata into the storage before saving.
+func (ts *GeminiTokenStorage) SetMetadata(meta map[string]any) {
+	ts.Metadata = meta
 }
 
 // SaveTokenToFile serializes the Gemini token storage to a JSON file.
 // This method creates the necessary directory structure and writes the token
 // data in JSON format to the specified file path for persistent storage.
+// It merges any injected metadata into the top-level JSON object.
 //
 // Parameters:
 //   - authFilePath: The full path where the token file should be saved
@@ -49,6 +59,11 @@ type GeminiTokenStorage struct {
 func (ts *GeminiTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 	misc.LogSavingCredentials(authFilePath)
 	ts.Type = "gemini"
+	// Merge metadata using helper
+	data, errMerge := misc.MergeMetadata(ts, ts.Metadata)
+	if errMerge != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge metadata: %w", errMerge)
+	}
 	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(authFilePath), 0700); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %v", err)
 	}
@@ -63,7 +78,9 @@ func (ts *GeminiTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 		}
 	}()
 
-	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+	enc := json.NewEncoder(f)
+	enc.SetIndent("", "  ")
+	if err := enc.Encode(data); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil

internal/auth/iflow/iflow_token.go

@@ -21,6 +21,15 @@ type IFlowTokenStorage struct {
 	Scope        string `json:"scope"`
 	Cookie       string `json:"cookie"`
 	Type         string `json:"type"`
+
+	// Metadata holds arbitrary key-value pairs injected via hooks.
+	// It is not exported to JSON directly to allow flattening during serialization.
+	Metadata map[string]any `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// SetMetadata allows external callers to inject metadata into the storage before saving.
+func (ts *IFlowTokenStorage) SetMetadata(meta map[string]any) {
+	ts.Metadata = meta
 }
 
 // SaveTokenToFile serialises the token storage to disk.
@@ -37,7 +46,13 @@ func (ts *IFlowTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 	}
 	defer func() { _ = f.Close() }()
 
-	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+	// Merge metadata using helper
+	data, errMerge := misc.MergeMetadata(ts, ts.Metadata)
+	if errMerge != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge metadata: %w", errMerge)
+	}
+
+	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(data); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("iflow token: encode token failed: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil

internal/auth/kilo/kilo_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Package kilo provides authentication and token management functionality
+// for Kilo AI services.
+package kilo
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	// BaseURL is the base URL for the Kilo AI API.
+	BaseURL = "https://api.kilo.ai/api"
+)
+
+// DeviceAuthResponse represents the response from initiating device flow.
+type DeviceAuthResponse struct {
+	Code            string `json:"code"`
+	VerificationURL string `json:"verificationUrl"`
+	ExpiresIn       int    `json:"expiresIn"`
+}
+
+// DeviceStatusResponse represents the response when polling for device flow status.
+type DeviceStatusResponse struct {
+	Status    string `json:"status"`
+	Token     string `json:"token"`
+	UserEmail string `json:"userEmail"`
+}
+
+// Profile represents the user profile from Kilo AI.
+type Profile struct {
+	Email string         `json:"email"`
+	Orgs  []Organization `json:"organizations"`
+}
+
+// Organization represents a Kilo AI organization.
+type Organization struct {
+	ID   string `json:"id"`
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// Defaults represents default settings for an organization or user.
+type Defaults struct {
+	Model string `json:"model"`
+}
+
+// KiloAuth provides methods for handling the Kilo AI authentication flow.
+type KiloAuth struct {
+	client *http.Client
+}
+
+// NewKiloAuth creates a new instance of KiloAuth.
+func NewKiloAuth() *KiloAuth {
+	return &KiloAuth{
+		client: &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second},
+	}
+}
+
+// InitiateDeviceFlow starts the device authentication flow.
+func (k *KiloAuth) InitiateDeviceFlow(ctx context.Context) (*DeviceAuthResponse, error) {
+	resp, err := k.client.Post(BaseURL+"/device-auth/codes", "application/json", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initiate device flow: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var data DeviceAuthResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&data); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &data, nil
+}
+
+// PollForToken polls for the device flow completion.
+func (k *KiloAuth) PollForToken(ctx context.Context, code string) (*DeviceStatusResponse, error) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			resp, err := k.client.Get(BaseURL + "/device-auth/codes/" + code)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+			var data DeviceStatusResponse
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&data); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			switch data.Status {
+			case "approved":
+				return &data, nil
+			case "denied", "expired":
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("device flow %s", data.Status)
+			case "pending":
+				continue
+			default:
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown status: %s", data.Status)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// GetProfile fetches the user's profile.
+func (k *KiloAuth) GetProfile(ctx context.Context, token string) (*Profile, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", BaseURL+"/profile", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create get profile request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+
+	resp, err := k.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get profile: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var profile Profile
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&profile); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &profile, nil
+}
+
+// GetDefaults fetches default settings for an organization.
+func (k *KiloAuth) GetDefaults(ctx context.Context, token, orgID string) (*Defaults, error) {
+	url := BaseURL + "/defaults"
+	if orgID != "" {
+		url = BaseURL + "/organizations/" + orgID + "/defaults"
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create get defaults request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+
+	resp, err := k.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get defaults: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var defaults Defaults
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&defaults); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &defaults, nil
+}

internal/auth/kilo/kilo_token.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Package kilo provides authentication and token management functionality
+// for Kilo AI services.
+package kilo
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// KiloTokenStorage stores token information for Kilo AI authentication.
+type KiloTokenStorage struct {
+	// Token is the Kilo access token.
+	Token string `json:"kilocodeToken"`
+
+	// OrganizationID is the Kilo organization ID.
+	OrganizationID string `json:"kilocodeOrganizationId"`
+
+	// Model is the default model to use.
+	Model string `json:"kilocodeModel"`
+
+	// Email is the email address of the authenticated user.
+	Email string `json:"email"`
+
+	// Type indicates the authentication provider type, always "kilo" for this storage.
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// SaveTokenToFile serializes the Kilo token storage to a JSON file.
+func (ts *KiloTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
+	misc.LogSavingCredentials(authFilePath)
+	ts.Type = "kilo"
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(authFilePath), 0700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Create(authFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create token file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := f.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to close file: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CredentialFileName returns the filename used to persist Kilo credentials.
+func CredentialFileName(email string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("kilo-%s.json", email)
+}

internal/auth/kimi/token.go

@@ -29,6 +29,15 @@ type KimiTokenStorage struct {
 	Expired string `json:"expired,omitempty"`
 	// Type indicates the authentication provider type, always "kimi" for this storage.
 	Type string `json:"type"`
+
+	// Metadata holds arbitrary key-value pairs injected via hooks.
+	// It is not exported to JSON directly to allow flattening during serialization.
+	Metadata map[string]any `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// SetMetadata allows external callers to inject metadata into the storage before saving.
+func (ts *KimiTokenStorage) SetMetadata(meta map[string]any) {
+	ts.Metadata = meta
 }
 
 // KimiTokenData holds the raw OAuth token response from Kimi.
@@ -86,9 +95,15 @@ func (ts *KimiTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 		_ = f.Close()
 	}()
 
+	// Merge metadata using helper
+	data, errMerge := misc.MergeMetadata(ts, ts.Metadata)
+	if errMerge != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge metadata: %w", errMerge)
+	}
+
 	encoder := json.NewEncoder(f)
 	encoder.SetIndent("", "  ")
-	if err = encoder.Encode(ts); err != nil {
+	if err = encoder.Encode(data); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil

internal/auth/qwen/qwen_token.go

@@ -30,11 +30,21 @@ type QwenTokenStorage struct {
 	Type string `json:"type"`
 	// Expire is the timestamp when the current access token expires.
 	Expire string `json:"expired"`
+
+	// Metadata holds arbitrary key-value pairs injected via hooks.
+	// It is not exported to JSON directly to allow flattening during serialization.
+	Metadata map[string]any `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// SetMetadata allows external callers to inject metadata into the storage before saving.
+func (ts *QwenTokenStorage) SetMetadata(meta map[string]any) {
+	ts.Metadata = meta
 }
 
 // SaveTokenToFile serializes the Qwen token storage to a JSON file.
 // This method creates the necessary directory structure and writes the token
 // data in JSON format to the specified file path for persistent storage.
+// It merges any injected metadata into the top-level JSON object.
 //
 // Parameters:
 //   - authFilePath: The full path where the token file should be saved
@@ -56,7 +66,13 @@ func (ts *QwenTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
 		_ = f.Close()
 	}()
 
-	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+	// Merge metadata using helper
+	data, errMerge := misc.MergeMetadata(ts, ts.Metadata)
+	if errMerge != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to merge metadata: %w", errMerge)
+	}
+
+	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(data); err != nil {
 		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
 	}
 	return nil

internal/cmd/anthropic_login.go

@@ -40,8 +40,7 @@ func DoClaudeLogin(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
 
 	_, savedPath, err := manager.Login(context.Background(), "claude", cfg, authOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		var authErr *claude.AuthenticationError
-		if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+		if authErr, ok := errors.AsType[*claude.AuthenticationError](err); ok {
 			log.Error(claude.GetUserFriendlyMessage(authErr))
 			if authErr.Type == claude.ErrPortInUse.Type {
 				os.Exit(claude.ErrPortInUse.Code)

internal/cmd/auth_manager.go

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ func newAuthManager() *sdkAuth.Manager {
 		sdkAuth.NewKimiAuthenticator(),
 		sdkAuth.NewKiroAuthenticator(),
 		sdkAuth.NewGitHubCopilotAuthenticator(),
+		sdkAuth.NewKiloAuthenticator(),
 	)
 	return manager
 }

internal/cmd/iflow_login.go

@@ -32,8 +32,7 @@ func DoIFlowLogin(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
 
 	_, savedPath, err := manager.Login(context.Background(), "iflow", cfg, authOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		var emailErr *sdkAuth.EmailRequiredError
-		if errors.As(err, &emailErr) {
+		if emailErr, ok := errors.AsType[*sdkAuth.EmailRequiredError](err); ok {
 			log.Error(emailErr.Error())
 			return
 		}

internal/cmd/kilo_login.go

@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"strings"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	sdkAuth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/auth"
+)
+
+// DoKiloLogin handles the Kilo device flow using the shared authentication manager.
+// It initiates the device-based authentication process for Kilo AI services and saves
+// the authentication tokens to the configured auth directory.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - cfg: The application configuration
+//   - options: Login options including browser behavior and prompts
+func DoKiloLogin(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
+	if options == nil {
+		options = &LoginOptions{}
+	}
+
+	manager := newAuthManager()
+
+	promptFn := options.Prompt
+	if promptFn == nil {
+		promptFn = func(prompt string) (string, error) {
+			fmt.Print(prompt)
+			var value string
+			fmt.Scanln(&value)
+			return strings.TrimSpace(value), nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	authOpts := &sdkAuth.LoginOptions{
+		NoBrowser:    options.NoBrowser,
+		CallbackPort: options.CallbackPort,
+		Metadata:     map[string]string{},
+		Prompt:       promptFn,
+	}
+
+	_, savedPath, err := manager.Login(context.Background(), "kilo", cfg, authOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("Kilo authentication failed: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if savedPath != "" {
+		fmt.Printf("Authentication saved to %s\n", savedPath)
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("Kilo authentication successful!")
+}

internal/cmd/login.go

@@ -100,49 +100,74 @@ func DoLogin(cfg *config.Config, projectID string, options *LoginOptions) {
 
 	log.Info("Authentication successful.")
 
-	projects, errProjects := fetchGCPProjects(ctx, httpClient)
-	if errProjects != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Failed to get project list: %v", errProjects)
-		return
+	var activatedProjects []string
+
+	useGoogleOne := false
+	if trimmedProjectID == "" && promptFn != nil {
+		fmt.Println("\nSelect login mode:")
+		fmt.Println("  1. Code Assist  (GCP project, manual selection)")
+		fmt.Println("  2. Google One   (personal account, auto-discover project)")
+		choice, errPrompt := promptFn("Enter choice [1/2] (default: 1): ")
+		if errPrompt == nil && strings.TrimSpace(choice) == "2" {
+			useGoogleOne = true
+		}
 	}
 
-	selectedProjectID := promptForProjectSelection(projects, trimmedProjectID, promptFn)
-	projectSelections, errSelection := resolveProjectSelections(selectedProjectID, projects)
-	if errSelection != nil {
-		log.Errorf("Invalid project selection: %v", errSelection)
-		return
-	}
-	if len(projectSelections) == 0 {
-		log.Error("No project selected; aborting login.")
-		return
-	}
-
-	activatedProjects := make([]string, 0, len(projectSelections))
-	seenProjects := make(map[string]bool)
-	for _, candidateID := range projectSelections {
-		log.Infof("Activating project %s", candidateID)
-		if errSetup := performGeminiCLISetup(ctx, httpClient, storage, candidateID); errSetup != nil {
-			var projectErr *projectSelectionRequiredError
-			if errors.As(errSetup, &projectErr) {
-				log.Error("Failed to start user onboarding: A project ID is required.")
-				showProjectSelectionHelp(storage.Email, projects)
-				return
-			}
-			log.Errorf("Failed to complete user setup: %v", errSetup)
+	if useGoogleOne {
+		log.Info("Google One mode: auto-discovering project...")
+		if errSetup := performGeminiCLISetup(ctx, httpClient, storage, ""); errSetup != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Google One auto-discovery failed: %v", errSetup)
 			return
 		}
-		finalID := strings.TrimSpace(storage.ProjectID)
-		if finalID == "" {
-			finalID = candidateID
+		autoProject := strings.TrimSpace(storage.ProjectID)
+		if autoProject == "" {
+			log.Error("Google One auto-discovery returned empty project ID")
+			return
+		}
+		log.Infof("Auto-discovered project: %s", autoProject)
+		activatedProjects = []string{autoProject}
+	} else {
+		projects, errProjects := fetchGCPProjects(ctx, httpClient)
+		if errProjects != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Failed to get project list: %v", errProjects)
+			return
 		}
 
-		// Skip duplicates
-		if seenProjects[finalID] {
-			log.Infof("Project %s already activated, skipping", finalID)
-			continue
+		selectedProjectID := promptForProjectSelection(projects, trimmedProjectID, promptFn)
+		projectSelections, errSelection := resolveProjectSelections(selectedProjectID, projects)
+		if errSelection != nil {
+			log.Errorf("Invalid project selection: %v", errSelection)
+			return
+		}
+		if len(projectSelections) == 0 {
+			log.Error("No project selected; aborting login.")
+			return
+		}
+
+		seenProjects := make(map[string]bool)
+		for _, candidateID := range projectSelections {
+			log.Infof("Activating project %s", candidateID)
+			if errSetup := performGeminiCLISetup(ctx, httpClient, storage, candidateID); errSetup != nil {
+				if _, ok := errors.AsType[*projectSelectionRequiredError](errSetup); ok {
+					log.Error("Failed to start user onboarding: A project ID is required.")
+					showProjectSelectionHelp(storage.Email, projects)
+					return
+				}
+				log.Errorf("Failed to complete user setup: %v", errSetup)
+				return
+			}
+			finalID := strings.TrimSpace(storage.ProjectID)
+			if finalID == "" {
+				finalID = candidateID
+			}
+
+			if seenProjects[finalID] {
+				log.Infof("Project %s already activated, skipping", finalID)
+				continue
+			}
+			seenProjects[finalID] = true
+			activatedProjects = append(activatedProjects, finalID)
 		}
-		seenProjects[finalID] = true
-		activatedProjects = append(activatedProjects, finalID)
 	}
 
 	storage.Auto = false
@@ -235,7 +260,48 @@ func performGeminiCLISetup(ctx context.Context, httpClient *http.Client, storage
 		}
 	}
 	if projectID == "" {
-		return &projectSelectionRequiredError{}
+		// Auto-discovery: try onboardUser without specifying a project
+		// to let Google auto-provision one (matches Gemini CLI headless behavior
+		// and Antigravity's FetchProjectID pattern).
+		autoOnboardReq := map[string]any{
+			"tierId":   tierID,
+			"metadata": metadata,
+		}
+
+		autoCtx, autoCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 30*time.Second)
+		defer autoCancel()
+		for attempt := 1; ; attempt++ {
+			var onboardResp map[string]any
+			if errOnboard := callGeminiCLI(autoCtx, httpClient, "onboardUser", autoOnboardReq, &onboardResp); errOnboard != nil {
+				return fmt.Errorf("auto-discovery onboardUser: %w", errOnboard)
+			}
+
+			if done, okDone := onboardResp["done"].(bool); okDone && done {
+				if resp, okResp := onboardResp["response"].(map[string]any); okResp {
+					switch v := resp["cloudaicompanionProject"].(type) {
+					case string:
+						projectID = strings.TrimSpace(v)
+					case map[string]any:
+						if id, okID := v["id"].(string); okID {
+							projectID = strings.TrimSpace(id)
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				break
+			}
+
+			log.Debugf("Auto-discovery: onboarding in progress, attempt %d...", attempt)
+			select {
+			case <-autoCtx.Done():
+				return &projectSelectionRequiredError{}
+			case <-time.After(2 * time.Second):
+			}
+		}
+
+		if projectID == "" {
+			return &projectSelectionRequiredError{}
+		}
+		log.Infof("Auto-discovered project ID via onboarding: %s", projectID)
 	}
 
 	onboardReqBody := map[string]any{
@@ -617,7 +683,7 @@ func updateAuthRecord(record *cliproxyauth.Auth, storage *gemini.GeminiTokenStor
 		return
 	}
 
-	finalName := gemini.CredentialFileName(storage.Email, storage.ProjectID, false)
+	finalName := gemini.CredentialFileName(storage.Email, storage.ProjectID, true)
 
 	if record.Metadata == nil {
 		record.Metadata = make(map[string]any)

internal/cmd/openai_device_login.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+package cmd
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/codex"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	sdkAuth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/auth"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	codexLoginModeMetadataKey = "codex_login_mode"
+	codexLoginModeDevice      = "device"
+)
+
+// DoCodexDeviceLogin triggers the Codex device-code flow while keeping the
+// existing codex-login OAuth callback flow intact.
+func DoCodexDeviceLogin(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
+	if options == nil {
+		options = &LoginOptions{}
+	}
+
+	promptFn := options.Prompt
+	if promptFn == nil {
+		promptFn = defaultProjectPrompt()
+	}
+
+	manager := newAuthManager()
+
+	authOpts := &sdkAuth.LoginOptions{
+		NoBrowser:    options.NoBrowser,
+		CallbackPort: options.CallbackPort,
+		Metadata: map[string]string{
+			codexLoginModeMetadataKey: codexLoginModeDevice,
+		},
+		Prompt: promptFn,
+	}
+
+	_, savedPath, err := manager.Login(context.Background(), "codex", cfg, authOpts)
+	if err != nil {
+		if authErr, ok := errors.AsType[*codex.AuthenticationError](err); ok {
+			log.Error(codex.GetUserFriendlyMessage(authErr))
+			if authErr.Type == codex.ErrPortInUse.Type {
+				os.Exit(codex.ErrPortInUse.Code)
+			}
+			return
+		}
+		fmt.Printf("Codex device authentication failed: %v\n", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if savedPath != "" {
+		fmt.Printf("Authentication saved to %s\n", savedPath)
+	}
+	fmt.Println("Codex device authentication successful!")
+}

internal/cmd/openai_login.go

@@ -54,8 +54,7 @@ func DoCodexLogin(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
 
 	_, savedPath, err := manager.Login(context.Background(), "codex", cfg, authOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		var authErr *codex.AuthenticationError
-		if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+		if authErr, ok := errors.AsType[*codex.AuthenticationError](err); ok {
 			log.Error(codex.GetUserFriendlyMessage(authErr))
 			if authErr.Type == codex.ErrPortInUse.Type {
 				os.Exit(codex.ErrPortInUse.Code)

internal/cmd/qwen_login.go

@@ -44,8 +44,7 @@ func DoQwenLogin(cfg *config.Config, options *LoginOptions) {
 
 	_, savedPath, err := manager.Login(context.Background(), "qwen", cfg, authOpts)
 	if err != nil {
-		var emailErr *sdkAuth.EmailRequiredError
-		if errors.As(err, &emailErr) {
+		if emailErr, ok := errors.AsType[*sdkAuth.EmailRequiredError](err); ok {
 			log.Error(emailErr.Error())
 			return
 		}

internal/cmd/run.go

@@ -55,6 +55,34 @@ func StartService(cfg *config.Config, configPath string, localPassword string) {
 	}
 }
 
+// StartServiceBackground starts the proxy service in a background goroutine
+// and returns a cancel function for shutdown and a done channel.
+func StartServiceBackground(cfg *config.Config, configPath string, localPassword string) (cancel func(), done <-chan struct{}) {
+	builder := cliproxy.NewBuilder().
+		WithConfig(cfg).
+		WithConfigPath(configPath).
+		WithLocalManagementPassword(localPassword)
+
+	ctx, cancelFn := context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	doneCh := make(chan struct{})
+
+	service, err := builder.Build()
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("failed to build proxy service: %v", err)
+		close(doneCh)
+		return cancelFn, doneCh
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		defer close(doneCh)
+		if err := service.Run(ctx); err != nil && !errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) {
+			log.Errorf("proxy service exited with error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return cancelFn, doneCh
+}
+
 // WaitForCloudDeploy waits indefinitely for shutdown signals in cloud deploy mode
 // when no configuration file is available.
 func WaitForCloudDeploy() {

internal/config/config.go

@@ -97,6 +97,10 @@ type Config struct {
 	// ClaudeKey defines a list of Claude API key configurations as specified in the YAML configuration file.
 	ClaudeKey []ClaudeKey `yaml:"claude-api-key" json:"claude-api-key"`
 
+	// ClaudeHeaderDefaults configures default header values for Claude API requests.
+	// These are used as fallbacks when the client does not send its own headers.
+	ClaudeHeaderDefaults ClaudeHeaderDefaults `yaml:"claude-header-defaults" json:"claude-header-defaults"`
+
 	// OpenAICompatibility defines OpenAI API compatibility configurations for external providers.
 	OpenAICompatibility []OpenAICompatibility `yaml:"openai-compatibility" json:"openai-compatibility"`
 
@@ -130,6 +134,15 @@ type Config struct {
 	legacyMigrationPending bool `yaml:"-" json:"-"`
 }
 
+// ClaudeHeaderDefaults configures default header values injected into Claude API requests
+// when the client does not send them. Update these when Claude Code releases a new version.
+type ClaudeHeaderDefaults struct {
+	UserAgent      string `yaml:"user-agent" json:"user-agent"`
+	PackageVersion string `yaml:"package-version" json:"package-version"`
+	RuntimeVersion string `yaml:"runtime-version" json:"runtime-version"`
+	Timeout        string `yaml:"timeout" json:"timeout"`
+}
+
 // TLSConfig holds HTTPS server settings.
 type TLSConfig struct {
 	// Enable toggles HTTPS server mode.
@@ -301,6 +314,10 @@ type CloakConfig struct {
 	// SensitiveWords is a list of words to obfuscate with zero-width characters.
 	// This can help bypass certain content filters.
 	SensitiveWords []string `yaml:"sensitive-words,omitempty" json:"sensitive-words,omitempty"`
+
+	// CacheUserID controls whether Claude user_id values are cached per API key.
+	// When false, a fresh random user_id is generated for every request.
+	CacheUserID *bool `yaml:"cache-user-id,omitempty" json:"cache-user-id,omitempty"`
 }
 
 // ClaudeKey represents the configuration for a Claude API key,
@@ -368,6 +385,9 @@ type CodexKey struct {
 	// If empty, the default Codex API URL will be used.
 	BaseURL string `yaml:"base-url" json:"base-url"`
 
+	// Websockets enables the Responses API websocket transport for this credential.
+	Websockets bool `yaml:"websockets,omitempty" json:"websockets,omitempty"`
+
 	// ProxyURL overrides the global proxy setting for this API key if provided.
 	ProxyURL string `yaml:"proxy-url" json:"proxy-url"`
 
@@ -743,22 +763,24 @@ func (cfg *Config) SanitizeOAuthModelAlias() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	// Inject default Kiro aliases if no user-configured kiro aliases exist
+	// Inject channel defaults when the channel is absent in user config.
+	// Presence is checked case-insensitively and includes explicit nil/empty markers.
 	if cfg.OAuthModelAlias == nil {
 		cfg.OAuthModelAlias = make(map[string][]OAuthModelAlias)
 	}
-	if _, hasKiro := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"]; !hasKiro {
-		// Check case-insensitive too
-		found := false
+	hasChannel := func(channel string) bool {
 		for k := range cfg.OAuthModelAlias {
-			if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(k), "kiro") {
-				found = true
-				break
+			if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(k), channel) {
+				return true
 			}
 		}
-		if !found {
-			cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"] = defaultKiroAliases()
-		}
+		return false
+	}
+	if !hasChannel("kiro") {
+		cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"] = defaultKiroAliases()
+	}
+	if !hasChannel("github-copilot") {
+		cfg.OAuthModelAlias["github-copilot"] = defaultGitHubCopilotAliases()
 	}
 
 	if len(cfg.OAuthModelAlias) == 0 {
@@ -767,7 +789,13 @@ func (cfg *Config) SanitizeOAuthModelAlias() {
 	out := make(map[string][]OAuthModelAlias, len(cfg.OAuthModelAlias))
 	for rawChannel, aliases := range cfg.OAuthModelAlias {
 		channel := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(rawChannel))
-		if channel == "" || len(aliases) == 0 {
+		if channel == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		// Preserve channels that were explicitly set to empty/nil – they act
+		// as "disabled" markers so default injection won't re-add them (#222).
+		if len(aliases) == 0 {
+			out[channel] = nil
 			continue
 		}
 		seenAlias := make(map[string]struct{}, len(aliases))

internal/config/oauth_model_alias_migration.go

@@ -42,6 +42,21 @@ func defaultKiroAliases() []OAuthModelAlias {
 	}
 }
 
+// defaultGitHubCopilotAliases returns default oauth-model-alias entries that
+// expose Claude hyphen-style IDs for GitHub Copilot Claude models.
+// This keeps compatibility with clients (e.g. Claude Code) that use
+// Anthropic-style model IDs like "claude-opus-4-6".
+func defaultGitHubCopilotAliases() []OAuthModelAlias {
+	return []OAuthModelAlias{
+		{Name: "claude-haiku-4.5", Alias: "claude-haiku-4-5", Fork: true},
+		{Name: "claude-opus-4.1", Alias: "claude-opus-4-1", Fork: true},
+		{Name: "claude-opus-4.5", Alias: "claude-opus-4-5", Fork: true},
+		{Name: "claude-opus-4.6", Alias: "claude-opus-4-6", Fork: true},
+		{Name: "claude-sonnet-4.5", Alias: "claude-sonnet-4-5", Fork: true},
+		{Name: "claude-sonnet-4.6", Alias: "claude-sonnet-4-6", Fork: true},
+	}
+}
+
 // defaultAntigravityAliases returns the default oauth-model-alias configuration
 // for the antigravity channel when neither field exists.
 func defaultAntigravityAliases() []OAuthModelAlias {

internal/config/oauth_model_alias_test.go

@@ -107,6 +107,44 @@ func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_InjectsDefaultKiroAliases(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_InjectsDefaultGitHubCopilotAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &Config{
+		OAuthModelAlias: map[string][]OAuthModelAlias{
+			"codex": {
+				{Name: "gpt-5", Alias: "g5"},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cfg.SanitizeOAuthModelAlias()
+
+	copilotAliases := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["github-copilot"]
+	if len(copilotAliases) == 0 {
+		t.Fatal("expected default github-copilot aliases to be injected")
+	}
+
+	aliasSet := make(map[string]bool, len(copilotAliases))
+	for _, a := range copilotAliases {
+		aliasSet[a.Alias] = true
+		if !a.Fork {
+			t.Fatalf("expected all default github-copilot aliases to have fork=true, got fork=false for %q", a.Alias)
+		}
+	}
+	expectedAliases := []string{
+		"claude-haiku-4-5",
+		"claude-opus-4-1",
+		"claude-opus-4-5",
+		"claude-opus-4-6",
+		"claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		"claude-sonnet-4-6",
+	}
+	for _, expected := range expectedAliases {
+		if !aliasSet[expected] {
+			t.Fatalf("expected default github-copilot alias %q to be present", expected)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_DoesNotOverrideUserKiroAliases(t *testing.T) {
 	// When user has configured kiro aliases, defaults should NOT be injected
 	cfg := &Config{
@@ -128,6 +166,88 @@ func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_DoesNotOverrideUserKiroAliases(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_DoesNotOverrideUserGitHubCopilotAliases(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &Config{
+		OAuthModelAlias: map[string][]OAuthModelAlias{
+			"github-copilot": {
+				{Name: "claude-opus-4.6", Alias: "my-opus", Fork: true},
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cfg.SanitizeOAuthModelAlias()
+
+	copilotAliases := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["github-copilot"]
+	if len(copilotAliases) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 user-configured github-copilot alias, got %d", len(copilotAliases))
+	}
+	if copilotAliases[0].Alias != "my-opus" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected user alias to be preserved, got %q", copilotAliases[0].Alias)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_DoesNotReinjectAfterExplicitDeletion(t *testing.T) {
+	// When user explicitly deletes kiro aliases (key exists with nil value),
+	// defaults should NOT be re-injected on subsequent sanitize calls (#222).
+	cfg := &Config{
+		OAuthModelAlias: map[string][]OAuthModelAlias{
+			"kiro":  nil, // explicitly deleted
+			"codex": {{Name: "gpt-5", Alias: "g5"}},
+		},
+	}
+
+	cfg.SanitizeOAuthModelAlias()
+
+	kiroAliases := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"]
+	if len(kiroAliases) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected kiro aliases to remain empty after explicit deletion, got %d aliases", len(kiroAliases))
+	}
+	// The key itself must still be present to prevent re-injection on next reload
+	if _, exists := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"]; !exists {
+		t.Fatal("expected kiro key to be preserved as nil marker after sanitization")
+	}
+	// Other channels should be unaffected
+	if len(cfg.OAuthModelAlias["codex"]) != 1 {
+		t.Fatal("expected codex aliases to be preserved")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_GitHubCopilotDoesNotReinjectAfterExplicitDeletion(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := &Config{
+		OAuthModelAlias: map[string][]OAuthModelAlias{
+			"github-copilot": nil, // explicitly deleted
+		},
+	}
+
+	cfg.SanitizeOAuthModelAlias()
+
+	copilotAliases := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["github-copilot"]
+	if len(copilotAliases) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected github-copilot aliases to remain empty after explicit deletion, got %d aliases", len(copilotAliases))
+	}
+	if _, exists := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["github-copilot"]; !exists {
+		t.Fatal("expected github-copilot key to be preserved as nil marker after sanitization")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_DoesNotReinjectAfterExplicitDeletionEmpty(t *testing.T) {
+	// Same as above but with empty slice instead of nil (PUT with empty body).
+	cfg := &Config{
+		OAuthModelAlias: map[string][]OAuthModelAlias{
+			"kiro": {}, // explicitly set to empty
+		},
+	}
+
+	cfg.SanitizeOAuthModelAlias()
+
+	if len(cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"]) != 0 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected kiro aliases to remain empty, got %d aliases", len(cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"]))
+	}
+	if _, exists := cfg.OAuthModelAlias["kiro"]; !exists {
+		t.Fatal("expected kiro key to be preserved")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestSanitizeOAuthModelAlias_InjectsDefaultKiroWhenEmpty(t *testing.T) {
 	// When OAuthModelAlias is nil, kiro defaults should still be injected
 	cfg := &Config{}

internal/config/sdk_config.go

@@ -20,6 +20,10 @@ type SDKConfig struct {
 	// APIKeys is a list of keys for authenticating clients to this proxy server.
 	APIKeys []string `yaml:"api-keys" json:"api-keys"`
 
+	// PassthroughHeaders controls whether upstream response headers are forwarded to downstream clients.
+	// Default is false (disabled).
+	PassthroughHeaders bool `yaml:"passthrough-headers" json:"passthrough-headers"`
+
 	// Streaming configures server-side streaming behavior (keep-alives and safe bootstrap retries).
 	Streaming StreamingConfig `yaml:"streaming" json:"streaming"`
 

internal/constant/constant.go

@@ -27,4 +27,7 @@ const (
 
 	// Kiro represents the AWS CodeWhisperer (Kiro) provider identifier.
 	Kiro = "kiro"
+
+	// Kilo represents the Kilo AI provider identifier.
+	Kilo = "kilo"
 )

internal/misc/credentials.go

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 package misc
 
 import (
+	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"path/filepath"
 	"strings"
@@ -24,3 +25,37 @@ func LogSavingCredentials(path string) {
 func LogCredentialSeparator() {
 	log.Debug(credentialSeparator)
 }
+
+// MergeMetadata serializes the source struct into a map and merges the provided metadata into it.
+func MergeMetadata(source any, metadata map[string]any) (map[string]any, error) {
+	var data map[string]any
+
+	// Fast path: if source is already a map, just copy it to avoid mutation of original
+	if srcMap, ok := source.(map[string]any); ok {
+		data = make(map[string]any, len(srcMap)+len(metadata))
+		for k, v := range srcMap {
+			data[k] = v
+		}
+	} else {
+		// Slow path: marshal to JSON and back to map to respect JSON tags
+		temp, err := json.Marshal(source)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal source: %w", err)
+		}
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(temp, &data); err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to unmarshal to map: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Merge extra metadata
+	if metadata != nil {
+		if data == nil {
+			data = make(map[string]any)
+		}
+		for k, v := range metadata {
+			data[k] = v
+		}
+	}
+
+	return data, nil
+}

internal/registry/kilo_models.go

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+// Package registry provides model definitions for various AI service providers.
+package registry
+
+// GetKiloModels returns the Kilo model definitions
+func GetKiloModels() []*ModelInfo {
+	return []*ModelInfo{
+		// --- Base Models ---
+		{
+			ID:                  "kilo/auto",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "kilo",
+			Type:                "kilo",
+			DisplayName:         "Kilo Auto",
+			Description:         "Automatic model selection by Kilo",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+	}
+}

internal/registry/model_definitions.go

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ import (
 //   - codex
 //   - qwen
 //   - iflow
+//   - kimi
 //   - kiro
+//   - kilo
 //   - github-copilot
 //   - kiro
 //   - amazonq
@@ -43,10 +45,14 @@ func GetStaticModelDefinitionsByChannel(channel string) []*ModelInfo {
 		return GetQwenModels()
 	case "iflow":
 		return GetIFlowModels()
+	case "kimi":
+		return GetKimiModels()
 	case "github-copilot":
 		return GetGitHubCopilotModels()
 	case "kiro":
 		return GetKiroModels()
+	case "kilo":
+		return GetKiloModels()
 	case "amazonq":
 		return GetAmazonQModels()
 	case "antigravity":
@@ -93,8 +99,10 @@ func LookupStaticModelInfo(modelID string) *ModelInfo {
 		GetOpenAIModels(),
 		GetQwenModels(),
 		GetIFlowModels(),
+		GetKimiModels(),
 		GetGitHubCopilotModels(),
 		GetKiroModels(),
+		GetKiloModels(),
 		GetAmazonQModels(),
 	}
 	for _, models := range allModels {
@@ -121,7 +129,19 @@ func LookupStaticModelInfo(modelID string) *ModelInfo {
 // These models are available through the GitHub Copilot API at api.githubcopilot.com.
 func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 	now := int64(1732752000) // 2024-11-27
-	return []*ModelInfo{
+	gpt4oEntries := []struct {
+		ID          string
+		DisplayName string
+		Description string
+	}{
+		{ID: "gpt-4o-2024-11-20", DisplayName: "GPT-4o (2024-11-20)", Description: "OpenAI GPT-4o 2024-11-20 via GitHub Copilot"},
+		{ID: "gpt-4o-2024-08-06", DisplayName: "GPT-4o (2024-08-06)", Description: "OpenAI GPT-4o 2024-08-06 via GitHub Copilot"},
+		{ID: "gpt-4o-2024-05-13", DisplayName: "GPT-4o (2024-05-13)", Description: "OpenAI GPT-4o 2024-05-13 via GitHub Copilot"},
+		{ID: "gpt-4o", DisplayName: "GPT-4o", Description: "OpenAI GPT-4o via GitHub Copilot"},
+		{ID: "gpt-4-o-preview", DisplayName: "GPT-4-o Preview", Description: "OpenAI GPT-4-o Preview via GitHub Copilot"},
+	}
+
+	models := []*ModelInfo{
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-4.1",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -133,6 +153,23 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       128000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 16384,
 		},
+	}
+
+	for _, entry := range gpt4oEntries {
+		models = append(models, &ModelInfo{
+			ID:                  entry.ID,
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             now,
+			OwnedBy:             "github-copilot",
+			Type:                "github-copilot",
+			DisplayName:         entry.DisplayName,
+			Description:         entry.Description,
+			ContextLength:       128000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 16384,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return append(models, []*ModelInfo{
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -144,6 +181,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       200000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/chat/completions", "/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"low", "medium", "high"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-mini",
@@ -156,6 +194,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       128000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 16384,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/chat/completions", "/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"low", "medium", "high"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5-codex",
@@ -168,6 +207,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       200000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"low", "medium", "high"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5.1",
@@ -180,6 +220,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       200000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/chat/completions", "/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"none", "low", "medium", "high"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex",
@@ -192,6 +233,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       200000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"none", "low", "medium", "high"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-mini",
@@ -204,6 +246,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       128000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 16384,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"none", "low", "medium", "high"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5.1-codex-max",
@@ -216,6 +259,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       200000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"none", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5.2",
@@ -228,6 +272,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       200000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/chat/completions", "/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"none", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gpt-5.2-codex",
@@ -240,6 +285,20 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       200000,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"none", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"}},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.3-codex",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             now,
+			OwnedBy:             "github-copilot",
+			Type:                "github-copilot",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT-5.3 Codex",
+			Description:         "OpenAI GPT-5.3 Codex via GitHub Copilot",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
+			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/responses"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"none", "low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"}},
 		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "claude-haiku-4.5",
@@ -313,6 +372,18 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/chat/completions"},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "claude-sonnet-4.6",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             now,
+			OwnedBy:             "github-copilot",
+			Type:                "github-copilot",
+			DisplayName:         "Claude Sonnet 4.6",
+			Description:         "Anthropic Claude Sonnet 4.6 via GitHub Copilot",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
+			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/chat/completions"},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gemini-2.5-pro",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -335,6 +406,17 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			ContextLength:       1048576,
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 65536,
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             now,
+			OwnedBy:             "github-copilot",
+			Type:                "github-copilot",
+			DisplayName:         "Gemini 3.1 Pro (Preview)",
+			Description:         "Google Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview via GitHub Copilot",
+			ContextLength:       1048576,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 65536,
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "gemini-3-flash-preview",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -369,7 +451,7 @@ func GetGitHubCopilotModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 16384,
 			SupportedEndpoints:  []string{"/chat/completions", "/responses"},
 		},
-	}
+	}...)
 }
 
 // GetKiroModels returns the Kiro (AWS CodeWhisperer) model definitions
@@ -400,6 +482,18 @@ func GetKiroModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
 			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1739836800, // 2025-02-18
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro Claude Sonnet 4.6",
+			Description:         "Claude Sonnet 4.6 via Kiro (1.3x credit)",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "kiro-claude-opus-4-5",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -448,6 +542,87 @@ func GetKiroModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
 			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
 		},
+		// --- 第三方模型 (通过 Kiro 接入) ---
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-deepseek-3-2",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro DeepSeek 3.2",
+			Description:         "DeepSeek 3.2 via Kiro",
+			ContextLength:       128000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-minimax-m2-1",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro MiniMax M2.1",
+			Description:         "MiniMax M2.1 via Kiro",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-qwen3-coder-next",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro Qwen3 Coder Next",
+			Description:         "Qwen3 Coder Next via Kiro",
+			ContextLength:       128000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 32768,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-gpt-4o",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro GPT-4o",
+			Description:         "OpenAI GPT-4o via Kiro",
+			ContextLength:       128000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 16384,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-gpt-4",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro GPT-4",
+			Description:         "OpenAI GPT-4 via Kiro",
+			ContextLength:       128000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 8192,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-gpt-4-turbo",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro GPT-4 Turbo",
+			Description:         "OpenAI GPT-4 Turbo via Kiro",
+			ContextLength:       128000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 16384,
+		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-gpt-3-5-turbo",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1732752000,
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro GPT-3.5 Turbo",
+			Description:         "OpenAI GPT-3.5 Turbo via Kiro",
+			ContextLength:       16384,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 4096,
+		},
 		// --- Agentic Variants (Optimized for coding agents with chunked writes) ---
 		{
 			ID:                  "kiro-claude-opus-4-6-agentic",
@@ -461,6 +636,18 @@ func GetKiroModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
 			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "kiro-claude-sonnet-4-6-agentic",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1739836800, // 2025-02-18
+			OwnedBy:             "aws",
+			Type:                "kiro",
+			DisplayName:         "Kiro Claude Sonnet 4.6 (Agentic)",
+			Description:         "Claude Sonnet 4.6 optimized for coding agents (chunked writes)",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 32000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "kiro-claude-opus-4-5-agentic",
 			Object:              "model",

internal/registry/model_definitions_static_data.go

@@ -28,6 +28,17 @@ func GetClaudeModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
 			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: false},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1771372800, // 2026-02-17
+			OwnedBy:             "anthropic",
+			Type:                "claude",
+			DisplayName:         "Claude 4.6 Sonnet",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: false},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "claude-opus-4-6",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -40,6 +51,18 @@ func GetClaudeModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
 			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: false},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "claude-sonnet-4-6",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1771286400, // 2026-02-17
+			OwnedBy:             "anthropic",
+			Type:                "claude",
+			DisplayName:         "Claude 4.6 Sonnet",
+			Description:         "Best combination of speed and intelligence",
+			ContextLength:       200000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 64000,
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: false},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "claude-opus-4-5-20251101",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -173,6 +196,21 @@ func GetGeminiModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
 			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1771459200,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.1",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                         "gemini-3-flash-preview",
 			Object:                     "model",
@@ -283,6 +321,21 @@ func GetGeminiVertexModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
 			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"minimal", "low", "medium", "high"}},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1771459200,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.1",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                         "gemini-3-pro-image-preview",
 			Object:                     "model",
@@ -425,6 +478,21 @@ func GetGeminiCLIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
 			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1771459200,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.1",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                         "gemini-3-flash-preview",
 			Object:                     "model",
@@ -506,6 +574,21 @@ func GetAIStudioModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
 			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                         "gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Object:                     "model",
+			Created:                    1771459200,
+			OwnedBy:                    "google",
+			Type:                       "gemini",
+			Name:                       "models/gemini-3.1-pro-preview",
+			Version:                    "3.1",
+			DisplayName:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			Description:                "Gemini 3.1 Pro Preview",
+			InputTokenLimit:            1048576,
+			OutputTokenLimit:           65536,
+			SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent", "countTokens", "createCachedContent", "batchGenerateContent"},
+			Thinking:                   &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                         "gemini-3-flash-preview",
 			Object:                     "model",
@@ -742,6 +825,20 @@ func GetOpenAIModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
 			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"}},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "gpt-5.3-codex-spark",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1770912000,
+			OwnedBy:             "openai",
+			Type:                "openai",
+			Version:             "gpt-5.3",
+			DisplayName:         "GPT 5.3 Codex Spark",
+			Description:         "Ultra-fast coding model.",
+			ContextLength:       128000,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 128000,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"tools"},
+			Thinking:            &ThinkingSupport{Levels: []string{"low", "medium", "high", "xhigh"}},
+		},
 	}
 }
 
@@ -774,6 +871,19 @@ func GetQwenModels() []*ModelInfo {
 			MaxCompletionTokens: 2048,
 			SupportedParameters: []string{"temperature", "top_p", "max_tokens", "stream", "stop"},
 		},
+		{
+			ID:                  "coder-model",
+			Object:              "model",
+			Created:             1771171200,
+			OwnedBy:             "qwen",
+			Type:                "qwen",
+			Version:             "3.5",
+			DisplayName:         "Qwen 3.5 Plus",
+			Description:         "efficient hybrid model with leading coding performance",
+			ContextLength:       1048576,
+			MaxCompletionTokens: 65536,
+			SupportedParameters: []string{"temperature", "top_p", "max_tokens", "stream", "stop"},
+		},
 		{
 			ID:                  "vision-model",
 			Object:              "model",
@@ -806,19 +916,12 @@ func GetIFlowModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		Created     int64
 		Thinking    *ThinkingSupport
 	}{
-		{ID: "tstars2.0", DisplayName: "TStars-2.0", Description: "iFlow TStars-2.0 multimodal assistant", Created: 1746489600},
 		{ID: "qwen3-coder-plus", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Coder-Plus", Description: "Qwen3 Coder Plus code generation", Created: 1753228800},
 		{ID: "qwen3-max", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Max", Description: "Qwen3 flagship model", Created: 1758672000},
 		{ID: "qwen3-vl-plus", DisplayName: "Qwen3-VL-Plus", Description: "Qwen3 multimodal vision-language", Created: 1758672000},
 		{ID: "qwen3-max-preview", DisplayName: "Qwen3-Max-Preview", Description: "Qwen3 Max preview build", Created: 1757030400, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
-		{ID: "kimi-k2-0905", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2-Instruct-0905", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 instruct 0905", Created: 1757030400},
 		{ID: "glm-4.6", DisplayName: "GLM-4.6", Description: "Zhipu GLM 4.6 general model", Created: 1759190400, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
-		{ID: "glm-4.7", DisplayName: "GLM-4.7", Description: "Zhipu GLM 4.7 general model", Created: 1766448000, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
-		{ID: "glm-5", DisplayName: "GLM-5", Description: "Zhipu GLM 5 general model", Created: 1770768000, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
 		{ID: "kimi-k2", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 general model", Created: 1752192000},
-		{ID: "kimi-k2-thinking", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2-Thinking", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2 thinking model", Created: 1762387200},
-		{ID: "deepseek-v3.2-chat", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.2", Description: "DeepSeek V3.2 Chat", Created: 1764576000},
-		{ID: "deepseek-v3.2-reasoner", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.2", Description: "DeepSeek V3.2 Reasoner", Created: 1764576000},
 		{ID: "deepseek-v3.2", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.2-Exp", Description: "DeepSeek V3.2 experimental", Created: 1759104000, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
 		{ID: "deepseek-v3.1", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-V3.1-Terminus", Description: "DeepSeek V3.1 Terminus", Created: 1756339200, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
 		{ID: "deepseek-r1", DisplayName: "DeepSeek-R1", Description: "DeepSeek reasoning model R1", Created: 1737331200},
@@ -827,10 +930,7 @@ func GetIFlowModels() []*ModelInfo {
 		{ID: "qwen3-235b-a22b-thinking-2507", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Thinking", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B Thinking (2507)", Created: 1753401600},
 		{ID: "qwen3-235b-a22b-instruct", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B Instruct", Created: 1753401600},
 		{ID: "qwen3-235b", DisplayName: "Qwen3-235B-A22B", Description: "Qwen3 235B A22B", Created: 1753401600},
-		{ID: "minimax-m2", DisplayName: "MiniMax-M2", Description: "MiniMax M2", Created: 1758672000, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
-		{ID: "minimax-m2.1", DisplayName: "MiniMax-M2.1", Description: "MiniMax M2.1", Created: 1766448000, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
 		{ID: "iflow-rome-30ba3b", DisplayName: "iFlow-ROME", Description: "iFlow Rome 30BA3B model", Created: 1736899200},
-		{ID: "kimi-k2.5", DisplayName: "Kimi-K2.5", Description: "Moonshot Kimi K2.5", Created: 1769443200, Thinking: iFlowThinkingSupport},
 	}
 	models := make([]*ModelInfo, 0, len(entries))
 	for _, entry := range entries {
@@ -864,11 +964,14 @@ func GetAntigravityModelConfig() map[string]*AntigravityModelConfig {
 		"gemini-2.5-flash-lite":      {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 0, Max: 24576, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true}},
 		"gemini-3-pro-high":          {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}}},
 		"gemini-3-pro-image":         {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}}},
+		"gemini-3.1-pro-high":        {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"low", "high"}}},
 		"gemini-3-flash":             {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 128, Max: 32768, ZeroAllowed: false, DynamicAllowed: true, Levels: []string{"minimal", "low", "medium", "high"}}},
-		"claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking": {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true}, MaxCompletionTokens: 64000},
 		"claude-opus-4-5-thinking":   {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true}, MaxCompletionTokens: 64000},
 		"claude-opus-4-6-thinking":   {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true}, MaxCompletionTokens: 64000},
 		"claude-sonnet-4-5":          {MaxCompletionTokens: 64000},
+		"claude-sonnet-4-5-thinking": {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true}, MaxCompletionTokens: 64000},
+		"claude-sonnet-4-6":          {MaxCompletionTokens: 64000},
+		"claude-sonnet-4-6-thinking": {Thinking: &ThinkingSupport{Min: 1024, Max: 128000, ZeroAllowed: true, DynamicAllowed: true}, MaxCompletionTokens: 64000},
 		"gpt-oss-120b-medium":        {},
 		"tab_flash_lite_preview":     {},
 	}

internal/registry/model_registry.go

@@ -601,8 +601,7 @@ func (r *ModelRegistry) SetModelQuotaExceeded(clientID, modelID string) {
 	defer r.mutex.Unlock()
 
 	if registration, exists := r.models[modelID]; exists {
-		now := time.Now()
-		registration.QuotaExceededClients[clientID] = &now
+		registration.QuotaExceededClients[clientID] = new(time.Now())
 		log.Debugf("Marked model %s as quota exceeded for client %s", modelID, clientID)
 	}
 }

internal/runtime/executor/aistudio_executor.go

@@ -164,12 +164,12 @@ func (e *AIStudioExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth,
 	reporter.publish(ctx, parseGeminiUsage(wsResp.Body))
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, body.toFormat, opts.SourceFormat, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, translatedReq, wsResp.Body, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: ensureColonSpacedJSON([]byte(out))}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: ensureColonSpacedJSON([]byte(out)), Headers: wsResp.Headers.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream performs a streaming request to the AI Studio API.
-func (e *AIStudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *AIStudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
@@ -254,7 +254,6 @@ func (e *AIStudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth
 		return nil, statusErr{code: firstEvent.Status, msg: body.String()}
 	}
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func(first wsrelay.StreamEvent) {
 		defer close(out)
 		var param any
@@ -318,7 +317,7 @@ func (e *AIStudioExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth
 			}
 		}
 	}(firstEvent)
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: firstEvent.Headers.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 // CountTokens counts tokens for the given request using the AI Studio API.

internal/runtime/executor/antigravity_executor.go

@@ -54,8 +54,78 @@ const (
 var (
 	randSource      = rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
 	randSourceMutex sync.Mutex
+	// antigravityPrimaryModelsCache keeps the latest non-empty model list fetched
+	// from any antigravity auth. Empty fetches never overwrite this cache.
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache struct {
+		mu     sync.RWMutex
+		models []*registry.ModelInfo
+	}
 )
 
+func cloneAntigravityModels(models []*registry.ModelInfo) []*registry.ModelInfo {
+	if len(models) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	out := make([]*registry.ModelInfo, 0, len(models))
+	for _, model := range models {
+		if model == nil || strings.TrimSpace(model.ID) == "" {
+			continue
+		}
+		out = append(out, cloneAntigravityModelInfo(model))
+	}
+	if len(out) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func cloneAntigravityModelInfo(model *registry.ModelInfo) *registry.ModelInfo {
+	if model == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	clone := *model
+	if len(model.SupportedGenerationMethods) > 0 {
+		clone.SupportedGenerationMethods = append([]string(nil), model.SupportedGenerationMethods...)
+	}
+	if len(model.SupportedParameters) > 0 {
+		clone.SupportedParameters = append([]string(nil), model.SupportedParameters...)
+	}
+	if model.Thinking != nil {
+		thinkingClone := *model.Thinking
+		if len(model.Thinking.Levels) > 0 {
+			thinkingClone.Levels = append([]string(nil), model.Thinking.Levels...)
+		}
+		clone.Thinking = &thinkingClone
+	}
+	return &clone
+}
+
+func storeAntigravityPrimaryModels(models []*registry.ModelInfo) bool {
+	cloned := cloneAntigravityModels(models)
+	if len(cloned) == 0 {
+		return false
+	}
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.mu.Lock()
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.models = cloned
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.mu.Unlock()
+	return true
+}
+
+func loadAntigravityPrimaryModels() []*registry.ModelInfo {
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.mu.RLock()
+	cloned := cloneAntigravityModels(antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.models)
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.mu.RUnlock()
+	return cloned
+}
+
+func fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels() []*registry.ModelInfo {
+	models := loadAntigravityPrimaryModels()
+	if len(models) > 0 {
+		log.Debugf("antigravity executor: using cached primary model list (%d models)", len(models))
+	}
+	return models
+}
+
 // AntigravityExecutor proxies requests to the antigravity upstream.
 type AntigravityExecutor struct {
 	cfg *config.Config
@@ -232,7 +302,7 @@ attemptLoop:
 			reporter.publish(ctx, parseAntigravityUsage(bodyBytes))
 			var param any
 			converted := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, translated, bodyBytes, &param)
-			resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(converted)}
+			resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(converted), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 			reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 			return resp, nil
 		}
@@ -436,7 +506,7 @@ attemptLoop:
 			reporter.publish(ctx, parseAntigravityUsage(resp.Payload))
 			var param any
 			converted := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, translated, resp.Payload, &param)
-			resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(converted)}
+			resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(converted), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 			reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 
 			return resp, nil
@@ -645,7 +715,7 @@ func (e *AntigravityExecutor) convertStreamToNonStream(stream []byte) []byte {
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream performs a streaming request to the Antigravity API.
-func (e *AntigravityExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *AntigravityExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
@@ -775,7 +845,6 @@ attemptLoop:
 			}
 
 			out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-			stream = out
 			go func(resp *http.Response) {
 				defer close(out)
 				defer func() {
@@ -820,7 +889,7 @@ attemptLoop:
 					reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 				}
 			}(httpResp)
-			return stream, nil
+			return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 		}
 
 		switch {
@@ -968,7 +1037,7 @@ func (e *AntigravityExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyaut
 		if httpResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusOK && httpResp.StatusCode < http.StatusMultipleChoices {
 			count := gjson.GetBytes(bodyBytes, "totalTokens").Int()
 			translated := sdktranslator.TranslateTokenCount(respCtx, to, from, count, bodyBytes)
-			return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated)}, nil
+			return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}, nil
 		}
 
 		lastStatus = httpResp.StatusCode
@@ -1008,8 +1077,8 @@ func FetchAntigravityModels(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cfg *c
 	exec := &AntigravityExecutor{cfg: cfg}
 	token, updatedAuth, errToken := exec.ensureAccessToken(ctx, auth)
 	if errToken != nil || token == "" {
-		return nil
-	}
+		return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
+  }
 	if updatedAuth != nil {
 		auth = updatedAuth
 	}
@@ -1021,7 +1090,7 @@ func FetchAntigravityModels(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cfg *c
 		modelsURL := baseURL + antigravityModelsPath
 		httpReq, errReq := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, modelsURL, bytes.NewReader([]byte(`{}`)))
 		if errReq != nil {
-			return nil
+			return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
 		}
 		httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 		httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
@@ -1033,13 +1102,13 @@ func FetchAntigravityModels(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cfg *c
 		httpResp, errDo := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
 		if errDo != nil {
 			if errors.Is(errDo, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(errDo, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
-				return nil
+				return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
 			}
 			if idx+1 < len(baseURLs) {
 				log.Debugf("antigravity executor: models request error on base url %s, retrying with fallback base url: %s", baseURL, baseURLs[idx+1])
 				continue
 			}
-			return nil
+			return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
 		}
 
 		bodyBytes, errRead := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
@@ -1051,19 +1120,27 @@ func FetchAntigravityModels(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cfg *c
 				log.Debugf("antigravity executor: models read error on base url %s, retrying with fallback base url: %s", baseURL, baseURLs[idx+1])
 				continue
 			}
-			return nil
+			return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
 		}
 		if httpResp.StatusCode < http.StatusOK || httpResp.StatusCode >= http.StatusMultipleChoices {
 			if httpResp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests && idx+1 < len(baseURLs) {
 				log.Debugf("antigravity executor: models request rate limited on base url %s, retrying with fallback base url: %s", baseURL, baseURLs[idx+1])
 				continue
 			}
-			return nil
+			if idx+1 < len(baseURLs) {
+				log.Debugf("antigravity executor: models request failed with status %d on base url %s, retrying with fallback base url: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, baseURL, baseURLs[idx+1])
+				continue
+			}
+			return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
 		}
 
 		result := gjson.GetBytes(bodyBytes, "models")
 		if !result.Exists() {
-			return nil
+			if idx+1 < len(baseURLs) {
+				log.Debugf("antigravity executor: models field missing on base url %s, retrying with fallback base url: %s", baseURL, baseURLs[idx+1])
+				continue
+			}
+			return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
 		}
 
 		now := time.Now().Unix()
@@ -1108,9 +1185,18 @@ func FetchAntigravityModels(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cfg *c
 			}
 			models = append(models, modelInfo)
 		}
+		if len(models) == 0 {
+			if idx+1 < len(baseURLs) {
+				log.Debugf("antigravity executor: empty models list on base url %s, retrying with fallback base url: %s", baseURL, baseURLs[idx+1])
+				continue
+			}
+			log.Debug("antigravity executor: fetched empty model list; retaining cached primary model list")
+			return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
+		}
+		storeAntigravityPrimaryModels(models)
 		return models
 	}
-	return nil
+	return fallbackAntigravityPrimaryModels()
 }
 
 func (e *AntigravityExecutor) ensureAccessToken(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (string, *cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {

internal/runtime/executor/antigravity_executor_models_cache_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/registry"
+)
+
+func resetAntigravityPrimaryModelsCacheForTest() {
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.mu.Lock()
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.models = nil
+	antigravityPrimaryModelsCache.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func TestStoreAntigravityPrimaryModels_EmptyDoesNotOverwrite(t *testing.T) {
+	resetAntigravityPrimaryModelsCacheForTest()
+	t.Cleanup(resetAntigravityPrimaryModelsCacheForTest)
+
+	seed := []*registry.ModelInfo{
+		{ID: "claude-sonnet-4-5"},
+		{ID: "gemini-2.5-pro"},
+	}
+	if updated := storeAntigravityPrimaryModels(seed); !updated {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-empty model list to update primary cache")
+	}
+
+	if updated := storeAntigravityPrimaryModels(nil); updated {
+		t.Fatal("expected nil model list not to overwrite primary cache")
+	}
+	if updated := storeAntigravityPrimaryModels([]*registry.ModelInfo{}); updated {
+		t.Fatal("expected empty model list not to overwrite primary cache")
+	}
+
+	got := loadAntigravityPrimaryModels()
+	if len(got) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached model count 2, got %d", len(got))
+	}
+	if got[0].ID != "claude-sonnet-4-5" || got[1].ID != "gemini-2.5-pro" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected cached model ids: %q, %q", got[0].ID, got[1].ID)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLoadAntigravityPrimaryModels_ReturnsClone(t *testing.T) {
+	resetAntigravityPrimaryModelsCacheForTest()
+	t.Cleanup(resetAntigravityPrimaryModelsCacheForTest)
+
+	if updated := storeAntigravityPrimaryModels([]*registry.ModelInfo{{
+		ID:                         "gpt-5",
+		DisplayName:                "GPT-5",
+		SupportedGenerationMethods: []string{"generateContent"},
+		SupportedParameters:        []string{"temperature"},
+		Thinking: &registry.ThinkingSupport{
+			Levels: []string{"high"},
+		},
+	}}); !updated {
+		t.Fatal("expected model cache update")
+	}
+
+	got := loadAntigravityPrimaryModels()
+	if len(got) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one cached model, got %d", len(got))
+	}
+	got[0].ID = "mutated-id"
+	if len(got[0].SupportedGenerationMethods) > 0 {
+		got[0].SupportedGenerationMethods[0] = "mutated-method"
+	}
+	if len(got[0].SupportedParameters) > 0 {
+		got[0].SupportedParameters[0] = "mutated-parameter"
+	}
+	if got[0].Thinking != nil && len(got[0].Thinking.Levels) > 0 {
+		got[0].Thinking.Levels[0] = "mutated-level"
+	}
+
+	again := loadAntigravityPrimaryModels()
+	if len(again) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected one cached model after mutation, got %d", len(again))
+	}
+	if again[0].ID != "gpt-5" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached model id to remain %q, got %q", "gpt-5", again[0].ID)
+	}
+	if len(again[0].SupportedGenerationMethods) == 0 || again[0].SupportedGenerationMethods[0] != "generateContent" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached generation methods to be unmutated, got %v", again[0].SupportedGenerationMethods)
+	}
+	if len(again[0].SupportedParameters) == 0 || again[0].SupportedParameters[0] != "temperature" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached supported parameters to be unmutated, got %v", again[0].SupportedParameters)
+	}
+	if again[0].Thinking == nil || len(again[0].Thinking.Levels) == 0 || again[0].Thinking.Levels[0] != "high" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached model thinking levels to be unmutated, got %v", again[0].Thinking)
+	}
+}

internal/runtime/executor/claude_executor.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"fmt"
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -116,7 +117,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 
 	// Apply cloaking (system prompt injection, fake user ID, sensitive word obfuscation)
 	// based on client type and configuration.
-	body = applyCloaking(ctx, e.cfg, auth, body, baseModel)
+	body = applyCloaking(ctx, e.cfg, auth, body, baseModel, apiKey)
 
 	requestedModel := payloadRequestedModel(opts, req.Model)
 	body = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, baseModel, to.String(), "", body, originalTranslated, requestedModel)
@@ -134,7 +135,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 	extraBetas, body = extractAndRemoveBetas(body)
 	bodyForTranslation := body
 	bodyForUpstream := body
-	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) {
+	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) && !auth.ToolPrefixDisabled() {
 		bodyForUpstream = applyClaudeToolPrefix(body, claudeToolPrefix)
 	}
 
@@ -143,7 +144,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 	if err != nil {
 		return resp, err
 	}
-	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, false, extraBetas)
+	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, false, extraBetas, e.cfg)
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
 		authID = auth.ID
@@ -208,7 +209,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 	} else {
 		reporter.publish(ctx, parseClaudeUsage(data))
 	}
-	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) {
+	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) && !auth.ToolPrefixDisabled() {
 		data = stripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse(data, claudeToolPrefix)
 	}
 	var param any
@@ -222,11 +223,11 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 		data,
 		&param,
 	)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
@@ -257,7 +258,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 
 	// Apply cloaking (system prompt injection, fake user ID, sensitive word obfuscation)
 	// based on client type and configuration.
-	body = applyCloaking(ctx, e.cfg, auth, body, baseModel)
+	body = applyCloaking(ctx, e.cfg, auth, body, baseModel, apiKey)
 
 	requestedModel := payloadRequestedModel(opts, req.Model)
 	body = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, baseModel, to.String(), "", body, originalTranslated, requestedModel)
@@ -275,7 +276,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	extraBetas, body = extractAndRemoveBetas(body)
 	bodyForTranslation := body
 	bodyForUpstream := body
-	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) {
+	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) && !auth.ToolPrefixDisabled() {
 		bodyForUpstream = applyClaudeToolPrefix(body, claudeToolPrefix)
 	}
 
@@ -284,7 +285,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
 	}
-	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, true, extraBetas)
+	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, true, extraBetas, e.cfg)
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
 		authID = auth.ID
@@ -329,7 +330,6 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -348,7 +348,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 				if detail, ok := parseClaudeStreamUsage(line); ok {
 					reporter.publish(ctx, detail)
 				}
-				if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) {
+				if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) && !auth.ToolPrefixDisabled() {
 					line = stripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine(line, claudeToolPrefix)
 				}
 				// Forward the line as-is to preserve SSE format
@@ -375,7 +375,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 			if detail, ok := parseClaudeStreamUsage(line); ok {
 				reporter.publish(ctx, detail)
 			}
-			if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) {
+			if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) && !auth.ToolPrefixDisabled() {
 				line = stripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine(line, claudeToolPrefix)
 			}
 			chunks := sdktranslator.TranslateStream(
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 func (e *ClaudeExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
@@ -423,7 +423,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 	// Extract betas from body and convert to header (for count_tokens too)
 	var extraBetas []string
 	extraBetas, body = extractAndRemoveBetas(body)
-	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) {
+	if isClaudeOAuthToken(apiKey) && !auth.ToolPrefixDisabled() {
 		body = applyClaudeToolPrefix(body, claudeToolPrefix)
 	}
 
@@ -432,7 +432,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 	if err != nil {
 		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, err
 	}
-	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, false, extraBetas)
+	applyClaudeHeaders(httpReq, auth, apiKey, false, extraBetas, e.cfg)
 	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
 		authID = auth.ID
@@ -487,7 +487,7 @@ func (e *ClaudeExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, data)
 	count := gjson.GetBytes(data, "input_tokens").Int()
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateTokenCount(ctx, to, from, count, data)
-	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}, nil
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: resp.Header.Clone()}, nil
 }
 
 func (e *ClaudeExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
@@ -638,7 +638,49 @@ func decodeResponseBody(body io.ReadCloser, contentEncoding string) (io.ReadClos
 	return body, nil
 }
 
-func applyClaudeHeaders(r *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, apiKey string, stream bool, extraBetas []string) {
+// mapStainlessOS maps runtime.GOOS to Stainless SDK OS names.
+func mapStainlessOS() string {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		return "MacOS"
+	case "windows":
+		return "Windows"
+	case "linux":
+		return "Linux"
+	case "freebsd":
+		return "FreeBSD"
+	default:
+		return "Other::" + runtime.GOOS
+	}
+}
+
+// mapStainlessArch maps runtime.GOARCH to Stainless SDK architecture names.
+func mapStainlessArch() string {
+	switch runtime.GOARCH {
+	case "amd64":
+		return "x64"
+	case "arm64":
+		return "arm64"
+	case "386":
+		return "x86"
+	default:
+		return "other::" + runtime.GOARCH
+	}
+}
+
+func applyClaudeHeaders(r *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, apiKey string, stream bool, extraBetas []string, cfg *config.Config) {
+	hdrDefault := func(cfgVal, fallback string) string {
+		if cfgVal != "" {
+			return cfgVal
+		}
+		return fallback
+	}
+
+	var hd config.ClaudeHeaderDefaults
+	if cfg != nil {
+		hd = cfg.ClaudeHeaderDefaults
+	}
+
 	useAPIKey := auth != nil && auth.Attributes != nil && strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["api_key"]) != ""
 	isAnthropicBase := r.URL != nil && strings.EqualFold(r.URL.Scheme, "https") && strings.EqualFold(r.URL.Host, "api.anthropic.com")
 	if isAnthropicBase && useAPIKey {
@@ -685,16 +727,17 @@ func applyClaudeHeaders(r *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, apiKey string,
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "Anthropic-Version", "2023-06-01")
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "Anthropic-Dangerous-Direct-Browser-Access", "true")
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-App", "cli")
+	// Values below match Claude Code 2.1.44 / @anthropic-ai/sdk 0.74.0 (captured 2026-02-17).
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Helper-Method", "stream")
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Retry-Count", "0")
-	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Runtime-Version", "v24.3.0")
-	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Package-Version", "0.55.1")
+	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Runtime-Version", hdrDefault(hd.RuntimeVersion, "v24.3.0"))
+	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Package-Version", hdrDefault(hd.PackageVersion, "0.74.0"))
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Runtime", "node")
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Lang", "js")
-	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Arch", "arm64")
-	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Os", "MacOS")
-	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Timeout", "60")
-	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "User-Agent", "claude-cli/1.0.83 (external, cli)")
+	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Arch", mapStainlessArch())
+	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Os", mapStainlessOS())
+	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "X-Stainless-Timeout", hdrDefault(hd.Timeout, "600"))
+	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "User-Agent", hdrDefault(hd.UserAgent, "claude-cli/2.1.44 (external, sdk-cli)"))
 	r.Header.Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
 	r.Header.Set("Accept-Encoding", "gzip, deflate, br, zstd")
 	if stream {
@@ -702,6 +745,8 @@ func applyClaudeHeaders(r *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, apiKey string,
 	} else {
 		r.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
 	}
+	// Keep OS/Arch mapping dynamic (not configurable).
+	// They intentionally continue to derive from runtime.GOOS/runtime.GOARCH.
 	var attrs map[string]string
 	if auth != nil {
 		attrs = auth.Attributes
@@ -753,11 +798,21 @@ func applyClaudeToolPrefix(body []byte, prefix string) []byte {
 		return body
 	}
 
+	// Collect built-in tool names (those with a non-empty "type" field) so we can
+	// skip them consistently in both tools and message history.
+	builtinTools := map[string]bool{}
+	for _, name := range []string{"web_search", "code_execution", "text_editor", "computer"} {
+		builtinTools[name] = true
+	}
+
 	if tools := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tools"); tools.Exists() && tools.IsArray() {
 		tools.ForEach(func(index, tool gjson.Result) bool {
 			// Skip built-in tools (web_search, code_execution, etc.) which have
 			// a "type" field and require their name to remain unchanged.
 			if tool.Get("type").Exists() && tool.Get("type").String() != "" {
+				if n := tool.Get("name").String(); n != "" {
+					builtinTools[n] = true
+				}
 				return true
 			}
 			name := tool.Get("name").String()
@@ -772,7 +827,7 @@ func applyClaudeToolPrefix(body []byte, prefix string) []byte {
 
 	if gjson.GetBytes(body, "tool_choice.type").String() == "tool" {
 		name := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tool_choice.name").String()
-		if name != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
+		if name != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) && !builtinTools[name] {
 			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "tool_choice.name", prefix+name)
 		}
 	}
@@ -784,15 +839,38 @@ func applyClaudeToolPrefix(body []byte, prefix string) []byte {
 				return true
 			}
 			content.ForEach(func(contentIndex, part gjson.Result) bool {
-				if part.Get("type").String() != "tool_use" {
-					return true
+				partType := part.Get("type").String()
+				switch partType {
+				case "tool_use":
+					name := part.Get("name").String()
+					if name == "" || strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) || builtinTools[name] {
+						return true
+					}
+					path := fmt.Sprintf("messages.%d.content.%d.name", msgIndex.Int(), contentIndex.Int())
+					body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, path, prefix+name)
+				case "tool_reference":
+					toolName := part.Get("tool_name").String()
+					if toolName == "" || strings.HasPrefix(toolName, prefix) || builtinTools[toolName] {
+						return true
+					}
+					path := fmt.Sprintf("messages.%d.content.%d.tool_name", msgIndex.Int(), contentIndex.Int())
+					body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, path, prefix+toolName)
+				case "tool_result":
+					// Handle nested tool_reference blocks inside tool_result.content[]
+					nestedContent := part.Get("content")
+					if nestedContent.Exists() && nestedContent.IsArray() {
+						nestedContent.ForEach(func(nestedIndex, nestedPart gjson.Result) bool {
+							if nestedPart.Get("type").String() == "tool_reference" {
+								nestedToolName := nestedPart.Get("tool_name").String()
+								if nestedToolName != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(nestedToolName, prefix) && !builtinTools[nestedToolName] {
+									nestedPath := fmt.Sprintf("messages.%d.content.%d.content.%d.tool_name", msgIndex.Int(), contentIndex.Int(), nestedIndex.Int())
+									body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, nestedPath, prefix+nestedToolName)
+								}
+							}
+							return true
+						})
+					}
 				}
-				name := part.Get("name").String()
-				if name == "" || strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
-					return true
-				}
-				path := fmt.Sprintf("messages.%d.content.%d.name", msgIndex.Int(), contentIndex.Int())
-				body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, path, prefix+name)
 				return true
 			})
 			return true
@@ -811,15 +889,38 @@ func stripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse(body []byte, prefix string) []byte {
 		return body
 	}
 	content.ForEach(func(index, part gjson.Result) bool {
-		if part.Get("type").String() != "tool_use" {
-			return true
+		partType := part.Get("type").String()
+		switch partType {
+		case "tool_use":
+			name := part.Get("name").String()
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
+				return true
+			}
+			path := fmt.Sprintf("content.%d.name", index.Int())
+			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, path, strings.TrimPrefix(name, prefix))
+		case "tool_reference":
+			toolName := part.Get("tool_name").String()
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(toolName, prefix) {
+				return true
+			}
+			path := fmt.Sprintf("content.%d.tool_name", index.Int())
+			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, path, strings.TrimPrefix(toolName, prefix))
+		case "tool_result":
+			// Handle nested tool_reference blocks inside tool_result.content[]
+			nestedContent := part.Get("content")
+			if nestedContent.Exists() && nestedContent.IsArray() {
+				nestedContent.ForEach(func(nestedIndex, nestedPart gjson.Result) bool {
+					if nestedPart.Get("type").String() == "tool_reference" {
+						nestedToolName := nestedPart.Get("tool_name").String()
+						if strings.HasPrefix(nestedToolName, prefix) {
+							nestedPath := fmt.Sprintf("content.%d.content.%d.tool_name", index.Int(), nestedIndex.Int())
+							body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, nestedPath, strings.TrimPrefix(nestedToolName, prefix))
+						}
+					}
+					return true
+				})
+			}
 		}
-		name := part.Get("name").String()
-		if !strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
-			return true
-		}
-		path := fmt.Sprintf("content.%d.name", index.Int())
-		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, path, strings.TrimPrefix(name, prefix))
 		return true
 	})
 	return body
@@ -834,15 +935,34 @@ func stripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine(line []byte, prefix string) []byte {
 		return line
 	}
 	contentBlock := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "content_block")
-	if !contentBlock.Exists() || contentBlock.Get("type").String() != "tool_use" {
+	if !contentBlock.Exists() {
 		return line
 	}
-	name := contentBlock.Get("name").String()
-	if !strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
-		return line
-	}
-	updated, err := sjson.SetBytes(payload, "content_block.name", strings.TrimPrefix(name, prefix))
-	if err != nil {
+
+	blockType := contentBlock.Get("type").String()
+	var updated []byte
+	var err error
+
+	switch blockType {
+	case "tool_use":
+		name := contentBlock.Get("name").String()
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(name, prefix) {
+			return line
+		}
+		updated, err = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "content_block.name", strings.TrimPrefix(name, prefix))
+		if err != nil {
+			return line
+		}
+	case "tool_reference":
+		toolName := contentBlock.Get("tool_name").String()
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(toolName, prefix) {
+			return line
+		}
+		updated, err = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "content_block.tool_name", strings.TrimPrefix(toolName, prefix))
+		if err != nil {
+			return line
+		}
+	default:
 		return line
 	}
 
@@ -862,10 +982,10 @@ func getClientUserAgent(ctx context.Context) string {
 }
 
 // getCloakConfigFromAuth extracts cloak configuration from auth attributes.
-// Returns (cloakMode, strictMode, sensitiveWords).
-func getCloakConfigFromAuth(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (string, bool, []string) {
+// Returns (cloakMode, strictMode, sensitiveWords, cacheUserID).
+func getCloakConfigFromAuth(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (string, bool, []string, bool) {
 	if auth == nil || auth.Attributes == nil {
-		return "auto", false, nil
+		return "auto", false, nil, false
 	}
 
 	cloakMode := auth.Attributes["cloak_mode"]
@@ -883,7 +1003,9 @@ func getCloakConfigFromAuth(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (string, bool, []string) {
 		}
 	}
 
-	return cloakMode, strictMode, sensitiveWords
+	cacheUserID := strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["cloak_cache_user_id"]), "true")
+
+	return cloakMode, strictMode, sensitiveWords, cacheUserID
 }
 
 // resolveClaudeKeyCloakConfig finds the matching ClaudeKey config and returns its CloakConfig.
@@ -916,16 +1038,24 @@ func resolveClaudeKeyCloakConfig(cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) *c
 }
 
 // injectFakeUserID generates and injects a fake user ID into the request metadata.
-func injectFakeUserID(payload []byte) []byte {
+// When useCache is false, a new user ID is generated for every call.
+func injectFakeUserID(payload []byte, apiKey string, useCache bool) []byte {
+	generateID := func() string {
+		if useCache {
+			return cachedUserID(apiKey)
+		}
+		return generateFakeUserID()
+	}
+
 	metadata := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "metadata")
 	if !metadata.Exists() {
-		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "metadata.user_id", generateFakeUserID())
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "metadata.user_id", generateID())
 		return payload
 	}
 
 	existingUserID := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "metadata.user_id").String()
 	if existingUserID == "" || !isValidUserID(existingUserID) {
-		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "metadata.user_id", generateFakeUserID())
+		payload, _ = sjson.SetBytes(payload, "metadata.user_id", generateID())
 	}
 	return payload
 }
@@ -962,7 +1092,7 @@ func checkSystemInstructionsWithMode(payload []byte, strictMode bool) []byte {
 
 // applyCloaking applies cloaking transformations to the payload based on config and client.
 // Cloaking includes: system prompt injection, fake user ID, and sensitive word obfuscation.
-func applyCloaking(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, payload []byte, model string) []byte {
+func applyCloaking(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, payload []byte, model string, apiKey string) []byte {
 	clientUserAgent := getClientUserAgent(ctx)
 
 	// Get cloak config from ClaudeKey configuration
@@ -972,16 +1102,20 @@ func applyCloaking(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	var cloakMode string
 	var strictMode bool
 	var sensitiveWords []string
+	var cacheUserID bool
 
 	if cloakCfg != nil {
 		cloakMode = cloakCfg.Mode
 		strictMode = cloakCfg.StrictMode
 		sensitiveWords = cloakCfg.SensitiveWords
+		if cloakCfg.CacheUserID != nil {
+			cacheUserID = *cloakCfg.CacheUserID
+		}
 	}
 
 	// Fallback to auth attributes if no config found
 	if cloakMode == "" {
-		attrMode, attrStrict, attrWords := getCloakConfigFromAuth(auth)
+		attrMode, attrStrict, attrWords, attrCache := getCloakConfigFromAuth(auth)
 		cloakMode = attrMode
 		if !strictMode {
 			strictMode = attrStrict
@@ -989,6 +1123,12 @@ func applyCloaking(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 		if len(sensitiveWords) == 0 {
 			sensitiveWords = attrWords
 		}
+		if cloakCfg == nil || cloakCfg.CacheUserID == nil {
+			cacheUserID = attrCache
+		}
+	} else if cloakCfg == nil || cloakCfg.CacheUserID == nil {
+		_, _, _, attrCache := getCloakConfigFromAuth(auth)
+		cacheUserID = attrCache
 	}
 
 	// Determine if cloaking should be applied
@@ -1002,7 +1142,7 @@ func applyCloaking(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	}
 
 	// Inject fake user ID
-	payload = injectFakeUserID(payload)
+	payload = injectFakeUserID(payload, apiKey, cacheUserID)
 
 	// Apply sensitive word obfuscation
 	if len(sensitiveWords) > 0 {

internal/runtime/executor/claude_executor_test.go

@@ -2,9 +2,18 @@ package executor
 
 import (
 	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
 	"testing"
 
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
+	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
 func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix(t *testing.T) {
@@ -25,6 +34,18 @@ func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_WithToolReference(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"tools":[{"name":"alpha"}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"beta"},{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"proxy_gamma"}]}]}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(input, "proxy_")
+
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.0.tool_name").String(); got != "proxy_beta" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages.0.content.0.tool_name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_beta")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.1.tool_name").String(); got != "proxy_gamma" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages.0.content.1.tool_name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_gamma")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_SkipsBuiltinTools(t *testing.T) {
 	input := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"web_search_20250305","name":"web_search"},{"name":"my_custom_tool","input_schema":{"type":"object"}}]}`)
 	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(input, "proxy_")
@@ -37,6 +58,97 @@ func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_SkipsBuiltinTools(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_BuiltinToolSkipped(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{
+		"tools": [
+			{"type": "web_search_20250305", "name": "web_search", "max_uses": 5},
+			{"name": "Read"}
+		],
+		"messages": [
+			{"role": "user", "content": [
+				{"type": "tool_use", "name": "web_search", "id": "ws1", "input": {}},
+				{"type": "tool_use", "name": "Read", "id": "r1", "input": {}}
+			]}
+		]
+	}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(body, "proxy_")
+
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "tools.0.name").String(); got != "web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools.0.name = %q, want %q", got, "web_search")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.0.name").String(); got != "web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages.0.content.0.name = %q, want %q", got, "web_search")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "tools.1.name").String(); got != "proxy_Read" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools.1.name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_Read")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.1.name").String(); got != "proxy_Read" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages.0.content.1.name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_Read")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_KnownBuiltinInHistoryOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{
+		"tools": [
+			{"name": "Read"}
+		],
+		"messages": [
+			{"role": "user", "content": [
+				{"type": "tool_use", "name": "web_search", "id": "ws1", "input": {}}
+			]}
+		]
+	}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(body, "proxy_")
+
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.0.name").String(); got != "web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages.0.content.0.name = %q, want %q", got, "web_search")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "tools.0.name").String(); got != "proxy_Read" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools.0.name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_Read")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_CustomToolsPrefixed(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{
+		"tools": [{"name": "Read"}, {"name": "Write"}],
+		"messages": [
+			{"role": "user", "content": [
+				{"type": "tool_use", "name": "Read", "id": "r1", "input": {}},
+				{"type": "tool_use", "name": "Write", "id": "w1", "input": {}}
+			]}
+		]
+	}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(body, "proxy_")
+
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "tools.0.name").String(); got != "proxy_Read" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools.0.name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_Read")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "tools.1.name").String(); got != "proxy_Write" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools.1.name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_Write")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.0.name").String(); got != "proxy_Read" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages.0.content.0.name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_Read")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.1.name").String(); got != "proxy_Write" {
+		t.Fatalf("messages.0.content.1.name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_Write")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_ToolChoiceBuiltin(t *testing.T) {
+	body := []byte(`{
+		"tools": [
+			{"type": "web_search_20250305", "name": "web_search"},
+			{"name": "Read"}
+		],
+		"tool_choice": {"type": "tool", "name": "web_search"}
+	}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(body, "proxy_")
+
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "tool_choice.name").String(); got != "web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool_choice.name = %q, want %q", got, "web_search")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	input := []byte(`{"content":[{"type":"tool_use","name":"proxy_alpha","id":"t1","input":{}},{"type":"tool_use","name":"bravo","id":"t2","input":{}}]}`)
 	out := stripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse(input, "proxy_")
@@ -49,6 +161,18 @@ func TestStripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestStripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse_WithToolReference(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"content":[{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"proxy_alpha"},{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"bravo"}]}`)
+	out := stripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse(input, "proxy_")
+
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "content.0.tool_name").String(); got != "alpha" {
+		t.Fatalf("content.0.tool_name = %q, want %q", got, "alpha")
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "content.1.tool_name").String(); got != "bravo" {
+		t.Fatalf("content.1.tool_name = %q, want %q", got, "bravo")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestStripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine(t *testing.T) {
 	line := []byte(`data: {"type":"content_block_start","content_block":{"type":"tool_use","name":"proxy_alpha","id":"t1"},"index":0}`)
 	out := stripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine(line, "proxy_")
@@ -61,3 +185,166 @@ func TestStripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Fatalf("content_block.name = %q, want %q", got, "alpha")
 	}
 }
+
+func TestStripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine_WithToolReference(t *testing.T) {
+	line := []byte(`data: {"type":"content_block_start","content_block":{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"proxy_beta"},"index":0}`)
+	out := stripClaudeToolPrefixFromStreamLine(line, "proxy_")
+
+	payload := bytes.TrimSpace(out)
+	if bytes.HasPrefix(payload, []byte("data:")) {
+		payload = bytes.TrimSpace(payload[len("data:"):])
+	}
+	if got := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "content_block.tool_name").String(); got != "beta" {
+		t.Fatalf("content_block.tool_name = %q, want %q", got, "beta")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_NestedToolReference(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"tool_result","tool_use_id":"toolu_123","content":[{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"mcp__nia__manage_resource"}]}]}]}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(input, "proxy_")
+	got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.0.content.0.tool_name").String()
+	if got != "proxy_mcp__nia__manage_resource" {
+		t.Fatalf("nested tool_reference tool_name = %q, want %q", got, "proxy_mcp__nia__manage_resource")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClaudeExecutor_ReusesUserIDAcrossModelsWhenCacheEnabled(t *testing.T) {
+	resetUserIDCache()
+
+	var userIDs []string
+	var requestModels []string
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		userID := gjson.GetBytes(body, "metadata.user_id").String()
+		model := gjson.GetBytes(body, "model").String()
+		userIDs = append(userIDs, userID)
+		requestModels = append(requestModels, model)
+		t.Logf("HTTP Server received request: model=%s, user_id=%s, url=%s", model, userID, r.URL.String())
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"id":"msg_1","type":"message","model":"claude-3-5-sonnet","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"text","text":"ok"}],"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1}}`))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	t.Logf("End-to-end test: Fake HTTP server started at %s", server.URL)
+
+	cacheEnabled := true
+	executor := NewClaudeExecutor(&config.Config{
+		ClaudeKey: []config.ClaudeKey{
+			{
+				APIKey:  "key-123",
+				BaseURL: server.URL,
+				Cloak: &config.CloakConfig{
+					CacheUserID: &cacheEnabled,
+				},
+			},
+		},
+	})
+	auth := &cliproxyauth.Auth{Attributes: map[string]string{
+		"api_key":  "key-123",
+		"base_url": server.URL,
+	}}
+
+	payload := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}]}`)
+	models := []string{"claude-3-5-sonnet", "claude-3-5-haiku"}
+	for _, model := range models {
+		t.Logf("Sending request for model: %s", model)
+		modelPayload, _ := sjson.SetBytes(payload, "model", model)
+		if _, err := executor.Execute(context.Background(), auth, cliproxyexecutor.Request{
+			Model:   model,
+			Payload: modelPayload,
+		}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{
+			SourceFormat: sdktranslator.FromString("claude"),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Execute(%s) error: %v", model, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(userIDs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 requests, got %d", len(userIDs))
+	}
+	if userIDs[0] == "" || userIDs[1] == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected user_id to be populated")
+	}
+	t.Logf("user_id[0] (model=%s): %s", requestModels[0], userIDs[0])
+	t.Logf("user_id[1] (model=%s): %s", requestModels[1], userIDs[1])
+	if userIDs[0] != userIDs[1] {
+		t.Fatalf("expected user_id to be reused across models, got %q and %q", userIDs[0], userIDs[1])
+	}
+	if !isValidUserID(userIDs[0]) {
+		t.Fatalf("user_id %q is not valid", userIDs[0])
+	}
+	t.Logf("✓ End-to-end test passed: Same user_id (%s) was used for both models", userIDs[0])
+}
+
+func TestClaudeExecutor_GeneratesNewUserIDByDefault(t *testing.T) {
+	resetUserIDCache()
+
+	var userIDs []string
+	server := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		userIDs = append(userIDs, gjson.GetBytes(body, "metadata.user_id").String())
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"id":"msg_1","type":"message","model":"claude-3-5-sonnet","role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"text","text":"ok"}],"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":1}}`))
+	}))
+	defer server.Close()
+
+	executor := NewClaudeExecutor(&config.Config{})
+	auth := &cliproxyauth.Auth{Attributes: map[string]string{
+		"api_key":  "key-123",
+		"base_url": server.URL,
+	}}
+
+	payload := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hi"}]}]}`)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		if _, err := executor.Execute(context.Background(), auth, cliproxyexecutor.Request{
+			Model:   "claude-3-5-sonnet",
+			Payload: payload,
+		}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{
+			SourceFormat: sdktranslator.FromString("claude"),
+		}); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("Execute call %d error: %v", i, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(userIDs) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 requests, got %d", len(userIDs))
+	}
+	if userIDs[0] == "" || userIDs[1] == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected user_id to be populated")
+	}
+	if userIDs[0] == userIDs[1] {
+		t.Fatalf("expected user_id to change when caching is not enabled, got identical values %q", userIDs[0])
+	}
+	if !isValidUserID(userIDs[0]) || !isValidUserID(userIDs[1]) {
+		t.Fatalf("user_ids should be valid, got %q and %q", userIDs[0], userIDs[1])
+	}
+}
+
+func TestStripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse_NestedToolReference(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"content":[{"type":"tool_result","tool_use_id":"toolu_123","content":[{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"proxy_mcp__nia__manage_resource"}]}]}`)
+	out := stripClaudeToolPrefixFromResponse(input, "proxy_")
+	got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "content.0.content.0.tool_name").String()
+	if got != "mcp__nia__manage_resource" {
+		t.Fatalf("nested tool_reference tool_name = %q, want %q", got, "mcp__nia__manage_resource")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_NestedToolReferenceWithStringContent(t *testing.T) {
+	// tool_result.content can be a string - should not be processed
+	input := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"tool_result","tool_use_id":"toolu_123","content":"plain string result"}]}]}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(input, "proxy_")
+	got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.0.content").String()
+	if got != "plain string result" {
+		t.Fatalf("string content should remain unchanged = %q", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyClaudeToolPrefix_SkipsBuiltinToolReference(t *testing.T) {
+	input := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"web_search_20250305","name":"web_search"}],"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"tool_result","tool_use_id":"t1","content":[{"type":"tool_reference","tool_name":"web_search"}]}]}]}`)
+	out := applyClaudeToolPrefix(input, "proxy_")
+	got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "messages.0.content.0.content.0.tool_name").String()
+	if got != "web_search" {
+		t.Fatalf("built-in tool_reference should not be prefixed, got %q", got)
+	}
+}

internal/runtime/executor/codex_executor.go

@@ -28,8 +28,8 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	codexClientVersion = "0.98.0"
-	codexUserAgent     = "codex_cli_rs/0.98.0 (Mac OS 26.0.1; arm64) Apple_Terminal/464"
+	codexClientVersion = "0.101.0"
+	codexUserAgent     = "codex_cli_rs/0.101.0 (Mac OS 26.0.1; arm64) Apple_Terminal/464"
 )
 
 var dataTag = []byte("data:")
@@ -183,7 +183,7 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, re
 
 		var param any
 		out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, originalPayload, body, line, &param)
-		resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+		resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 		return resp, nil
 	}
 	err = statusErr{code: 408, msg: "stream error: stream disconnected before completion: stream closed before response.completed"}
@@ -273,11 +273,11 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) executeCompact(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, originalPayload, body, data, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func (e *CodexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *CodexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusBadRequest, msg: "streaming not supported for /responses/compact"}
 	}
@@ -362,7 +362,6 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -397,7 +396,7 @@ func (e *CodexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 func (e *CodexExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
@@ -643,7 +642,6 @@ func applyCodexHeaders(r *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, token string, s
 	}
 
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "Version", codexClientVersion)
-	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "Openai-Beta", "responses=experimental")
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "Session_id", uuid.NewString())
 	misc.EnsureHeader(r.Header, ginHeaders, "User-Agent", codexUserAgent)
 

internal/runtime/executor/gemini_cli_executor.go

@@ -225,7 +225,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 			reporter.publish(ctx, parseGeminiCLIUsage(data))
 			var param any
 			out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(respCtx, to, from, attemptModel, opts.OriginalRequest, payload, data, &param)
-			resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+			resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 			return resp, nil
 		}
 
@@ -256,7 +256,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream performs a streaming request to the Gemini CLI API.
-func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
@@ -382,7 +382,6 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyaut
 		}
 
 		out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-		stream = out
 		go func(resp *http.Response, reqBody []byte, attemptModel string) {
 			defer close(out)
 			defer func() {
@@ -441,7 +440,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyaut
 			}
 		}(httpResp, append([]byte(nil), payload...), attemptModel)
 
-		return stream, nil
+		return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 	}
 
 	if len(lastBody) > 0 {
@@ -546,7 +545,7 @@ func (e *GeminiCLIExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 		if resp.StatusCode >= 200 && resp.StatusCode < 300 {
 			count := gjson.GetBytes(data, "totalTokens").Int()
 			translated := sdktranslator.TranslateTokenCount(respCtx, to, from, count, data)
-			return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated)}, nil
+			return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated), Headers: resp.Header.Clone()}, nil
 		}
 		lastStatus = resp.StatusCode
 		lastBody = append([]byte(nil), data...)
@@ -899,8 +898,7 @@ func parseRetryDelay(errorBody []byte) (*time.Duration, error) {
 		if matches := re.FindStringSubmatch(message); len(matches) > 1 {
 			seconds, err := strconv.Atoi(matches[1])
 			if err == nil {
-				duration := time.Duration(seconds) * time.Second
-				return &duration, nil
+				return new(time.Duration(seconds) * time.Second), nil
 			}
 		}
 	}

internal/runtime/executor/gemini_executor.go

@@ -205,12 +205,12 @@ func (e *GeminiExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, r
 	reporter.publish(ctx, parseGeminiUsage(data))
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, body, data, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream performs a streaming request to the Gemini API.
-func (e *GeminiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *GeminiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
@@ -298,7 +298,6 @@ func (e *GeminiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -335,7 +334,7 @@ func (e *GeminiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 // CountTokens counts tokens for the given request using the Gemini API.
@@ -416,7 +415,7 @@ func (e *GeminiExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 
 	count := gjson.GetBytes(data, "totalTokens").Int()
 	translated := sdktranslator.TranslateTokenCount(respCtx, to, from, count, data)
-	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated)}, nil
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(translated), Headers: resp.Header.Clone()}, nil
 }
 
 // Refresh refreshes the authentication credentials (no-op for Gemini API key).

internal/runtime/executor/gemini_vertex_executor.go

@@ -253,7 +253,7 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream performs a streaming request to the Vertex AI API.
-func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (*cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeWithServiceAccount(ctx context.Context, au
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("gemini")
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, body, data, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
@@ -524,12 +524,12 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeWithAPIKey(ctx context.Context, auth *clip
 	reporter.publish(ctx, parseGeminiUsage(data))
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, body, data, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
 // executeStreamWithServiceAccount handles streaming authentication using service account credentials.
-func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithServiceAccount(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options, projectID, location string, saJSON []byte) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithServiceAccount(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options, projectID, location string, saJSON []byte) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	baseModel := thinking.ParseSuffix(req.Model).ModelName
 
 	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), baseModel, auth)
@@ -618,7 +618,6 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithServiceAccount(ctx context.Conte
 	}
 
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -650,11 +649,11 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithServiceAccount(ctx context.Conte
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 // executeStreamWithAPIKey handles streaming authentication using API key credentials.
-func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithAPIKey(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options, apiKey, baseURL string) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithAPIKey(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options, apiKey, baseURL string) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	baseModel := thinking.ParseSuffix(req.Model).ModelName
 
 	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), baseModel, auth)
@@ -743,7 +742,6 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithAPIKey(ctx context.Context, auth
 	}
 
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -775,7 +773,7 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) executeStreamWithAPIKey(ctx context.Context, auth
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 // countTokensWithServiceAccount counts tokens using service account credentials.
@@ -859,7 +857,7 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) countTokensWithServiceAccount(ctx context.Context
 	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, data)
 	count := gjson.GetBytes(data, "totalTokens").Int()
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateTokenCount(ctx, to, from, count, data)
-	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}, nil
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}, nil
 }
 
 // countTokensWithAPIKey handles token counting using API key credentials.
@@ -943,7 +941,7 @@ func (e *GeminiVertexExecutor) countTokensWithAPIKey(ctx context.Context, auth *
 	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, data)
 	count := gjson.GetBytes(data, "totalTokens").Int()
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateTokenCount(ctx, to, from, count, data)
-	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}, nil
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}, nil
 }
 
 // vertexCreds extracts project, location and raw service account JSON from auth metadata.

internal/runtime/executor/github_copilot_executor.go

@@ -39,7 +39,8 @@ const (
 	copilotEditorVersion = "vscode/1.107.0"
 	copilotPluginVersion = "copilot-chat/0.35.0"
 	copilotIntegrationID = "vscode-chat"
-	copilotOpenAIIntent  = "conversation-edits"
+	copilotOpenAIIntent  = "conversation-panel"
+	copilotGitHubAPIVer  = "2025-04-01"
 )
 
 // GitHubCopilotExecutor handles requests to the GitHub Copilot API.
@@ -51,8 +52,9 @@ type GitHubCopilotExecutor struct {
 
 // cachedAPIToken stores a cached Copilot API token with its expiry.
 type cachedAPIToken struct {
-	token     string
-	expiresAt time.Time
+	token       string
+	apiEndpoint string
+	expiresAt   time.Time
 }
 
 // NewGitHubCopilotExecutor constructs a new executor instance.
@@ -75,7 +77,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) PrepareRequest(req *http.Request, auth *cliproxy
 	if ctx == nil {
 		ctx = context.Background()
 	}
-	apiToken, errToken := e.ensureAPIToken(ctx, auth)
+	apiToken, _, errToken := e.ensureAPIToken(ctx, auth)
 	if errToken != nil {
 		return errToken
 	}
@@ -101,7 +103,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) HttpRequest(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxya
 
 // Execute handles non-streaming requests to GitHub Copilot.
 func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (resp cliproxyexecutor.Response, err error) {
-	apiToken, errToken := e.ensureAPIToken(ctx, auth)
+	apiToken, baseURL, errToken := e.ensureAPIToken(ctx, auth)
 	if errToken != nil {
 		return resp, errToken
 	}
@@ -110,7 +112,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
 
 	from := opts.SourceFormat
-	useResponses := useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(from)
+	useResponses := useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(from, req.Model)
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("openai")
 	if useResponses {
 		to = sdktranslator.FromString("openai-response")
@@ -123,6 +125,25 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), false)
 	body = e.normalizeModel(req.Model, body)
 	body = flattenAssistantContent(body)
+
+	// Detect vision content before input normalization removes messages
+	hasVision := detectVisionContent(body)
+
+	thinkingProvider := "openai"
+	if useResponses {
+		thinkingProvider = "codex"
+	}
+	body, err = thinking.ApplyThinking(body, req.Model, from.String(), thinkingProvider, e.Identifier())
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	if useResponses {
+		body = normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesInput(body)
+		body = normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools(body)
+	} else {
+		body = normalizeGitHubCopilotChatTools(body)
+	}
 	requestedModel := payloadRequestedModel(opts, req.Model)
 	body = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, req.Model, to.String(), "", body, originalTranslated, requestedModel)
 	body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "stream", false)
@@ -131,7 +152,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 	if useResponses {
 		path = githubCopilotResponsesPath
 	}
-	url := githubCopilotBaseURL + path
+	url := baseURL + path
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		return resp, err
@@ -139,7 +160,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 	e.applyHeaders(httpReq, apiToken, body)
 
 	// Add Copilot-Vision-Request header if the request contains vision content
-	if detectVisionContent(body) {
+	if hasVision {
 		httpReq.Header.Set("Copilot-Vision-Request", "true")
 	}
 
@@ -199,15 +220,20 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 	}
 
 	var param any
-	converted := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, data, &param)
+	converted := ""
+	if useResponses && from.String() == "claude" {
+		converted = translateGitHubCopilotResponsesNonStreamToClaude(data)
+	} else {
+		converted = sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, data, &param)
+	}
 	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(converted)}
 	reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream handles streaming requests to GitHub Copilot.
-func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
-	apiToken, errToken := e.ensureAPIToken(ctx, auth)
+func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
+	apiToken, baseURL, errToken := e.ensureAPIToken(ctx, auth)
 	if errToken != nil {
 		return nil, errToken
 	}
@@ -216,7 +242,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliprox
 	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
 
 	from := opts.SourceFormat
-	useResponses := useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(from)
+	useResponses := useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(from, req.Model)
 	to := sdktranslator.FromString("openai")
 	if useResponses {
 		to = sdktranslator.FromString("openai-response")
@@ -229,6 +255,25 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliprox
 	body := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, req.Model, bytes.Clone(req.Payload), true)
 	body = e.normalizeModel(req.Model, body)
 	body = flattenAssistantContent(body)
+
+	// Detect vision content before input normalization removes messages
+	hasVision := detectVisionContent(body)
+
+	thinkingProvider := "openai"
+	if useResponses {
+		thinkingProvider = "codex"
+	}
+	body, err = thinking.ApplyThinking(body, req.Model, from.String(), thinkingProvider, e.Identifier())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	if useResponses {
+		body = normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesInput(body)
+		body = normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools(body)
+	} else {
+		body = normalizeGitHubCopilotChatTools(body)
+	}
 	requestedModel := payloadRequestedModel(opts, req.Model)
 	body = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, req.Model, to.String(), "", body, originalTranslated, requestedModel)
 	body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "stream", true)
@@ -241,7 +286,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliprox
 	if useResponses {
 		path = githubCopilotResponsesPath
 	}
-	url := githubCopilotBaseURL + path
+	url := baseURL + path
 	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(body))
 	if err != nil {
 		return nil, err
@@ -249,7 +294,7 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliprox
 	e.applyHeaders(httpReq, apiToken, body)
 
 	// Add Copilot-Vision-Request header if the request contains vision content
-	if detectVisionContent(body) {
+	if hasVision {
 		httpReq.Header.Set("Copilot-Vision-Request", "true")
 	}
 
@@ -296,7 +341,6 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliprox
 	}
 
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
@@ -329,7 +373,12 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliprox
 				}
 			}
 
-			chunks := sdktranslator.TranslateStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, bytes.Clone(line), &param)
+			var chunks []string
+			if useResponses && from.String() == "claude" {
+				chunks = translateGitHubCopilotResponsesStreamToClaude(bytes.Clone(line), &param)
+			} else {
+				chunks = sdktranslator.TranslateStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, bytes.Clone(opts.OriginalRequest), body, bytes.Clone(line), &param)
+			}
 			for i := range chunks {
 				out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte(chunks[i])}
 			}
@@ -344,7 +393,10 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliprox
 		}
 	}()
 
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{
+		Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(),
+		Chunks:  out,
+	}, nil
 }
 
 // CountTokens is not supported for GitHub Copilot.
@@ -376,22 +428,22 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.
 }
 
 // ensureAPIToken gets or refreshes the Copilot API token.
-func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ensureAPIToken(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (string, error) {
+func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ensureAPIToken(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (string, string, error) {
 	if auth == nil {
-		return "", statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing auth"}
+		return "", "", statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing auth"}
 	}
 
 	// Get the GitHub access token
 	accessToken := metaStringValue(auth.Metadata, "access_token")
 	if accessToken == "" {
-		return "", statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing github access token"}
+		return "", "", statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: "missing github access token"}
 	}
 
 	// Check for cached API token using thread-safe access
 	e.mu.RLock()
 	if cached, ok := e.cache[accessToken]; ok && cached.expiresAt.After(time.Now().Add(tokenExpiryBuffer)) {
 		e.mu.RUnlock()
-		return cached.token, nil
+		return cached.token, cached.apiEndpoint, nil
 	}
 	e.mu.RUnlock()
 
@@ -399,7 +451,13 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ensureAPIToken(ctx context.Context, auth *clipro
 	copilotAuth := copilotauth.NewCopilotAuth(e.cfg)
 	apiToken, err := copilotAuth.GetCopilotAPIToken(ctx, accessToken)
 	if err != nil {
-		return "", statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: fmt.Sprintf("failed to get copilot api token: %v", err)}
+		return "", "", statusErr{code: http.StatusUnauthorized, msg: fmt.Sprintf("failed to get copilot api token: %v", err)}
+	}
+
+	// Use endpoint from token response, fall back to default
+	apiEndpoint := githubCopilotBaseURL
+	if apiToken.Endpoints.API != "" {
+		apiEndpoint = strings.TrimRight(apiToken.Endpoints.API, "/")
 	}
 
 	// Cache the token with thread-safe access
@@ -409,12 +467,13 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) ensureAPIToken(ctx context.Context, auth *clipro
 	}
 	e.mu.Lock()
 	e.cache[accessToken] = &cachedAPIToken{
-		token:     apiToken.Token,
-		expiresAt: expiresAt,
+		token:       apiToken.Token,
+		apiEndpoint: apiEndpoint,
+		expiresAt:   expiresAt,
 	}
 	e.mu.Unlock()
 
-	return apiToken.Token, nil
+	return apiToken.Token, apiEndpoint, nil
 }
 
 // applyHeaders sets the required headers for GitHub Copilot API requests.
@@ -427,16 +486,17 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) applyHeaders(r *http.Request, apiToken string, b
 	r.Header.Set("Editor-Plugin-Version", copilotPluginVersion)
 	r.Header.Set("Openai-Intent", copilotOpenAIIntent)
 	r.Header.Set("Copilot-Integration-Id", copilotIntegrationID)
+	r.Header.Set("X-Github-Api-Version", copilotGitHubAPIVer)
 	r.Header.Set("X-Request-Id", uuid.NewString())
 
 	initiator := "user"
 	if len(body) > 0 {
 		if messages := gjson.GetBytes(body, "messages"); messages.Exists() && messages.IsArray() {
-			arr := messages.Array()
-			if len(arr) > 0 {
-				lastRole := arr[len(arr)-1].Get("role").String()
-				if lastRole != "" && lastRole != "user" {
+			for _, msg := range messages.Array() {
+				role := msg.Get("role").String()
+				if role == "assistant" || role == "tool" {
 					initiator = "agent"
+					break
 				}
 			}
 		}
@@ -483,8 +543,12 @@ func (e *GitHubCopilotExecutor) normalizeModel(model string, body []byte) []byte
 	return body
 }
 
-func useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(sourceFormat sdktranslator.Format) bool {
-	return sourceFormat.String() == "openai-response"
+func useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(sourceFormat sdktranslator.Format, model string) bool {
+	if sourceFormat.String() == "openai-response" {
+		return true
+	}
+	baseModel := strings.ToLower(thinking.ParseSuffix(model).ModelName)
+	return strings.Contains(baseModel, "codex")
 }
 
 // flattenAssistantContent converts assistant message content from array format
@@ -504,6 +568,17 @@ func flattenAssistantContent(body []byte) []byte {
 		if !content.Exists() || !content.IsArray() {
 			continue
 		}
+		// Skip flattening if the content contains non-text blocks (tool_use, thinking, etc.)
+		hasNonText := false
+		for _, part := range content.Array() {
+			if t := part.Get("type").String(); t != "" && t != "text" {
+				hasNonText = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if hasNonText {
+			continue
+		}
 		var textParts []string
 		for _, part := range content.Array() {
 			if part.Get("type").String() == "text" {
@@ -519,6 +594,644 @@ func flattenAssistantContent(body []byte) []byte {
 	return result
 }
 
+func normalizeGitHubCopilotChatTools(body []byte) []byte {
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tools")
+	if tools.Exists() {
+		filtered := "[]"
+		if tools.IsArray() {
+			for _, tool := range tools.Array() {
+				if tool.Get("type").String() != "function" {
+					continue
+				}
+				filtered, _ = sjson.SetRaw(filtered, "-1", tool.Raw)
+			}
+		}
+		body, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "tools", []byte(filtered))
+	}
+
+	toolChoice := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tool_choice")
+	if !toolChoice.Exists() {
+		return body
+	}
+	if toolChoice.Type == gjson.String {
+		switch toolChoice.String() {
+		case "auto", "none", "required":
+			return body
+		}
+	}
+	body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "tool_choice", "auto")
+	return body
+}
+
+func normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesInput(body []byte) []byte {
+	input := gjson.GetBytes(body, "input")
+	if input.Exists() {
+		// If input is already a string or array, keep it as-is.
+		if input.Type == gjson.String || input.IsArray() {
+			return body
+		}
+		// Non-string/non-array input: stringify as fallback.
+		body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "input", input.Raw)
+		return body
+	}
+
+	// Convert Claude messages format to OpenAI Responses API input array.
+	// This preserves the conversation structure (roles, tool calls, tool results)
+	// which is critical for multi-turn tool-use conversations.
+	inputArr := "[]"
+
+	// System messages → developer role
+	if system := gjson.GetBytes(body, "system"); system.Exists() {
+		var systemParts []string
+		if system.IsArray() {
+			for _, part := range system.Array() {
+				if txt := part.Get("text").String(); txt != "" {
+					systemParts = append(systemParts, txt)
+				}
+			}
+		} else if system.Type == gjson.String {
+			systemParts = append(systemParts, system.String())
+		}
+		if len(systemParts) > 0 {
+			msg := `{"type":"message","role":"developer","content":[]}`
+			for _, txt := range systemParts {
+				part := `{"type":"input_text","text":""}`
+				part, _ = sjson.Set(part, "text", txt)
+				msg, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msg, "content.-1", part)
+			}
+			inputArr, _ = sjson.SetRaw(inputArr, "-1", msg)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Messages → structured input items
+	if messages := gjson.GetBytes(body, "messages"); messages.Exists() && messages.IsArray() {
+		for _, msg := range messages.Array() {
+			role := msg.Get("role").String()
+			content := msg.Get("content")
+
+			if !content.Exists() {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Simple string content
+			if content.Type == gjson.String {
+				textType := "input_text"
+				if role == "assistant" {
+					textType = "output_text"
+				}
+				item := `{"type":"message","role":"","content":[]}`
+				item, _ = sjson.Set(item, "role", role)
+				part := fmt.Sprintf(`{"type":"%s","text":""}`, textType)
+				part, _ = sjson.Set(part, "text", content.String())
+				item, _ = sjson.SetRaw(item, "content.-1", part)
+				inputArr, _ = sjson.SetRaw(inputArr, "-1", item)
+				continue
+			}
+
+			if !content.IsArray() {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			// Array content: split into message parts vs tool items
+			var msgParts []string
+			for _, c := range content.Array() {
+				cType := c.Get("type").String()
+				switch cType {
+				case "text":
+					textType := "input_text"
+					if role == "assistant" {
+						textType = "output_text"
+					}
+					part := fmt.Sprintf(`{"type":"%s","text":""}`, textType)
+					part, _ = sjson.Set(part, "text", c.Get("text").String())
+					msgParts = append(msgParts, part)
+				case "image":
+					source := c.Get("source")
+					if source.Exists() {
+						data := source.Get("data").String()
+						if data == "" {
+							data = source.Get("base64").String()
+						}
+						mediaType := source.Get("media_type").String()
+						if mediaType == "" {
+							mediaType = source.Get("mime_type").String()
+						}
+						if mediaType == "" {
+							mediaType = "application/octet-stream"
+						}
+						if data != "" {
+							part := `{"type":"input_image","image_url":""}`
+							part, _ = sjson.Set(part, "image_url", fmt.Sprintf("data:%s;base64,%s", mediaType, data))
+							msgParts = append(msgParts, part)
+						}
+					}
+				case "tool_use":
+					// Flush any accumulated message parts first
+					if len(msgParts) > 0 {
+						item := `{"type":"message","role":"","content":[]}`
+						item, _ = sjson.Set(item, "role", role)
+						for _, p := range msgParts {
+							item, _ = sjson.SetRaw(item, "content.-1", p)
+						}
+						inputArr, _ = sjson.SetRaw(inputArr, "-1", item)
+						msgParts = nil
+					}
+					fc := `{"type":"function_call","call_id":"","name":"","arguments":""}`
+					fc, _ = sjson.Set(fc, "call_id", c.Get("id").String())
+					fc, _ = sjson.Set(fc, "name", c.Get("name").String())
+					if inputRaw := c.Get("input"); inputRaw.Exists() {
+						fc, _ = sjson.Set(fc, "arguments", inputRaw.Raw)
+					}
+					inputArr, _ = sjson.SetRaw(inputArr, "-1", fc)
+				case "tool_result":
+					// Flush any accumulated message parts first
+					if len(msgParts) > 0 {
+						item := `{"type":"message","role":"","content":[]}`
+						item, _ = sjson.Set(item, "role", role)
+						for _, p := range msgParts {
+							item, _ = sjson.SetRaw(item, "content.-1", p)
+						}
+						inputArr, _ = sjson.SetRaw(inputArr, "-1", item)
+						msgParts = nil
+					}
+					fco := `{"type":"function_call_output","call_id":"","output":""}`
+					fco, _ = sjson.Set(fco, "call_id", c.Get("tool_use_id").String())
+					// Extract output text
+					resultContent := c.Get("content")
+					if resultContent.Type == gjson.String {
+						fco, _ = sjson.Set(fco, "output", resultContent.String())
+					} else if resultContent.IsArray() {
+						var resultParts []string
+						for _, rc := range resultContent.Array() {
+							if txt := rc.Get("text").String(); txt != "" {
+								resultParts = append(resultParts, txt)
+							}
+						}
+						fco, _ = sjson.Set(fco, "output", strings.Join(resultParts, "\n"))
+					} else if resultContent.Exists() {
+						fco, _ = sjson.Set(fco, "output", resultContent.String())
+					}
+					inputArr, _ = sjson.SetRaw(inputArr, "-1", fco)
+				case "thinking":
+					// Skip thinking blocks - not part of the API input
+				}
+			}
+
+			// Flush remaining message parts
+			if len(msgParts) > 0 {
+				item := `{"type":"message","role":"","content":[]}`
+				item, _ = sjson.Set(item, "role", role)
+				for _, p := range msgParts {
+					item, _ = sjson.SetRaw(item, "content.-1", p)
+				}
+				inputArr, _ = sjson.SetRaw(inputArr, "-1", item)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	body, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "input", []byte(inputArr))
+	// Remove messages/system since we've converted them to input
+	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "messages")
+	body, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "system")
+	return body
+}
+
+func normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools(body []byte) []byte {
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tools")
+	if tools.Exists() {
+		filtered := "[]"
+		if tools.IsArray() {
+			for _, tool := range tools.Array() {
+				toolType := tool.Get("type").String()
+				// Accept OpenAI format (type="function") and Claude format
+				// (no type field, but has top-level name + input_schema).
+				if toolType != "" && toolType != "function" {
+					continue
+				}
+				name := tool.Get("name").String()
+				if name == "" {
+					name = tool.Get("function.name").String()
+				}
+				if name == "" {
+					continue
+				}
+				normalized := `{"type":"function","name":""}`
+				normalized, _ = sjson.Set(normalized, "name", name)
+				if desc := tool.Get("description").String(); desc != "" {
+					normalized, _ = sjson.Set(normalized, "description", desc)
+				} else if desc = tool.Get("function.description").String(); desc != "" {
+					normalized, _ = sjson.Set(normalized, "description", desc)
+				}
+				if params := tool.Get("parameters"); params.Exists() {
+					normalized, _ = sjson.SetRaw(normalized, "parameters", params.Raw)
+				} else if params = tool.Get("function.parameters"); params.Exists() {
+					normalized, _ = sjson.SetRaw(normalized, "parameters", params.Raw)
+				} else if params = tool.Get("input_schema"); params.Exists() {
+					normalized, _ = sjson.SetRaw(normalized, "parameters", params.Raw)
+				}
+				filtered, _ = sjson.SetRaw(filtered, "-1", normalized)
+			}
+		}
+		body, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "tools", []byte(filtered))
+	}
+
+	toolChoice := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tool_choice")
+	if !toolChoice.Exists() {
+		return body
+	}
+	if toolChoice.Type == gjson.String {
+		switch toolChoice.String() {
+		case "auto", "none", "required":
+			return body
+		default:
+			body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "tool_choice", "auto")
+			return body
+		}
+	}
+	if toolChoice.Type == gjson.JSON {
+		choiceType := toolChoice.Get("type").String()
+		if choiceType == "function" {
+			name := toolChoice.Get("name").String()
+			if name == "" {
+				name = toolChoice.Get("function.name").String()
+			}
+			if name != "" {
+				normalized := `{"type":"function","name":""}`
+				normalized, _ = sjson.Set(normalized, "name", name)
+				body, _ = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "tool_choice", []byte(normalized))
+				return body
+			}
+		}
+	}
+	body, _ = sjson.SetBytes(body, "tool_choice", "auto")
+	return body
+}
+
+func collectTextFromNode(node gjson.Result) string {
+	if !node.Exists() {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if node.Type == gjson.String {
+		return node.String()
+	}
+	if node.IsArray() {
+		var parts []string
+		for _, item := range node.Array() {
+			if item.Type == gjson.String {
+				if text := item.String(); text != "" {
+					parts = append(parts, text)
+				}
+				continue
+			}
+			if text := item.Get("text").String(); text != "" {
+				parts = append(parts, text)
+				continue
+			}
+			if nested := collectTextFromNode(item.Get("content")); nested != "" {
+				parts = append(parts, nested)
+			}
+		}
+		return strings.Join(parts, "\n")
+	}
+	if node.Type == gjson.JSON {
+		if text := node.Get("text").String(); text != "" {
+			return text
+		}
+		if nested := collectTextFromNode(node.Get("content")); nested != "" {
+			return nested
+		}
+		return node.Raw
+	}
+	return node.String()
+}
+
+type githubCopilotResponsesStreamToolState struct {
+	Index int
+	ID    string
+	Name  string
+}
+
+type githubCopilotResponsesStreamState struct {
+	MessageStarted    bool
+	MessageStopSent   bool
+	TextBlockStarted  bool
+	TextBlockIndex    int
+	NextContentIndex  int
+	HasToolUse        bool
+	ReasoningActive   bool
+	ReasoningIndex    int
+	OutputIndexToTool map[int]*githubCopilotResponsesStreamToolState
+	ItemIDToTool      map[string]*githubCopilotResponsesStreamToolState
+}
+
+func translateGitHubCopilotResponsesNonStreamToClaude(data []byte) string {
+	root := gjson.ParseBytes(data)
+	out := `{"id":"","type":"message","role":"assistant","model":"","content":[],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":0,"output_tokens":0}}`
+	out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "id", root.Get("id").String())
+	out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "model", root.Get("model").String())
+
+	hasToolUse := false
+	if output := root.Get("output"); output.Exists() && output.IsArray() {
+		for _, item := range output.Array() {
+			switch item.Get("type").String() {
+			case "reasoning":
+				var thinkingText string
+				if summary := item.Get("summary"); summary.Exists() && summary.IsArray() {
+					var parts []string
+					for _, part := range summary.Array() {
+						if txt := part.Get("text").String(); txt != "" {
+							parts = append(parts, txt)
+						}
+					}
+					thinkingText = strings.Join(parts, "")
+				}
+				if thinkingText == "" {
+					if content := item.Get("content"); content.Exists() && content.IsArray() {
+						var parts []string
+						for _, part := range content.Array() {
+							if txt := part.Get("text").String(); txt != "" {
+								parts = append(parts, txt)
+							}
+						}
+						thinkingText = strings.Join(parts, "")
+					}
+				}
+				if thinkingText != "" {
+					block := `{"type":"thinking","thinking":""}`
+					block, _ = sjson.Set(block, "thinking", thinkingText)
+					out, _ = sjson.SetRaw(out, "content.-1", block)
+				}
+			case "message":
+				if content := item.Get("content"); content.Exists() && content.IsArray() {
+					for _, part := range content.Array() {
+						if part.Get("type").String() != "output_text" {
+							continue
+						}
+						text := part.Get("text").String()
+						if text == "" {
+							continue
+						}
+						block := `{"type":"text","text":""}`
+						block, _ = sjson.Set(block, "text", text)
+						out, _ = sjson.SetRaw(out, "content.-1", block)
+					}
+				}
+			case "function_call":
+				hasToolUse = true
+				toolUse := `{"type":"tool_use","id":"","name":"","input":{}}`
+				toolID := item.Get("call_id").String()
+				if toolID == "" {
+					toolID = item.Get("id").String()
+				}
+				toolUse, _ = sjson.Set(toolUse, "id", toolID)
+				toolUse, _ = sjson.Set(toolUse, "name", item.Get("name").String())
+				if args := item.Get("arguments").String(); args != "" && gjson.Valid(args) {
+					argObj := gjson.Parse(args)
+					if argObj.IsObject() {
+						toolUse, _ = sjson.SetRaw(toolUse, "input", argObj.Raw)
+					}
+				}
+				out, _ = sjson.SetRaw(out, "content.-1", toolUse)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	inputTokens := root.Get("usage.input_tokens").Int()
+	outputTokens := root.Get("usage.output_tokens").Int()
+	cachedTokens := root.Get("usage.input_tokens_details.cached_tokens").Int()
+	if cachedTokens > 0 && inputTokens >= cachedTokens {
+		inputTokens -= cachedTokens
+	}
+	out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "usage.input_tokens", inputTokens)
+	out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "usage.output_tokens", outputTokens)
+	if cachedTokens > 0 {
+		out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "usage.cache_read_input_tokens", cachedTokens)
+	}
+	if hasToolUse {
+		out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "stop_reason", "tool_use")
+	} else if sr := root.Get("stop_reason").String(); sr == "max_tokens" || sr == "stop" {
+		out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "stop_reason", sr)
+	} else {
+		out, _ = sjson.Set(out, "stop_reason", "end_turn")
+	}
+	return out
+}
+
+func translateGitHubCopilotResponsesStreamToClaude(line []byte, param *any) []string {
+	if *param == nil {
+		*param = &githubCopilotResponsesStreamState{
+			TextBlockIndex:    -1,
+			OutputIndexToTool: make(map[int]*githubCopilotResponsesStreamToolState),
+			ItemIDToTool:      make(map[string]*githubCopilotResponsesStreamToolState),
+		}
+	}
+	state := (*param).(*githubCopilotResponsesStreamState)
+
+	if !bytes.HasPrefix(line, dataTag) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	payload := bytes.TrimSpace(line[5:])
+	if bytes.Equal(payload, []byte("[DONE]")) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if !gjson.ValidBytes(payload) {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	event := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "type").String()
+	results := make([]string, 0, 4)
+	ensureMessageStart := func() {
+		if state.MessageStarted {
+			return
+		}
+		messageStart := `{"type":"message_start","message":{"id":"","type":"message","role":"assistant","model":"","content":[],"stop_reason":null,"stop_sequence":null,"usage":{"input_tokens":0,"output_tokens":0}}}`
+		messageStart, _ = sjson.Set(messageStart, "message.id", gjson.GetBytes(payload, "response.id").String())
+		messageStart, _ = sjson.Set(messageStart, "message.model", gjson.GetBytes(payload, "response.model").String())
+		results = append(results, "event: message_start\ndata: "+messageStart+"\n\n")
+		state.MessageStarted = true
+	}
+	startTextBlockIfNeeded := func() {
+		if state.TextBlockStarted {
+			return
+		}
+		if state.TextBlockIndex < 0 {
+			state.TextBlockIndex = state.NextContentIndex
+			state.NextContentIndex++
+		}
+		contentBlockStart := `{"type":"content_block_start","index":0,"content_block":{"type":"text","text":""}}`
+		contentBlockStart, _ = sjson.Set(contentBlockStart, "index", state.TextBlockIndex)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_start\ndata: "+contentBlockStart+"\n\n")
+		state.TextBlockStarted = true
+	}
+	stopTextBlockIfNeeded := func() {
+		if !state.TextBlockStarted {
+			return
+		}
+		contentBlockStop := `{"type":"content_block_stop","index":0}`
+		contentBlockStop, _ = sjson.Set(contentBlockStop, "index", state.TextBlockIndex)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+contentBlockStop+"\n\n")
+		state.TextBlockStarted = false
+		state.TextBlockIndex = -1
+	}
+	resolveTool := func(itemID string, outputIndex int) *githubCopilotResponsesStreamToolState {
+		if itemID != "" {
+			if tool, ok := state.ItemIDToTool[itemID]; ok {
+				return tool
+			}
+		}
+		if tool, ok := state.OutputIndexToTool[outputIndex]; ok {
+			if itemID != "" {
+				state.ItemIDToTool[itemID] = tool
+			}
+			return tool
+		}
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	switch event {
+	case "response.created":
+		ensureMessageStart()
+	case "response.output_text.delta":
+		ensureMessageStart()
+		startTextBlockIfNeeded()
+		delta := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "delta").String()
+		if delta != "" {
+			contentDelta := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"text_delta","text":""}}`
+			contentDelta, _ = sjson.Set(contentDelta, "index", state.TextBlockIndex)
+			contentDelta, _ = sjson.Set(contentDelta, "delta.text", delta)
+			results = append(results, "event: content_block_delta\ndata: "+contentDelta+"\n\n")
+		}
+	case "response.reasoning_summary_part.added":
+		ensureMessageStart()
+		state.ReasoningActive = true
+		state.ReasoningIndex = state.NextContentIndex
+		state.NextContentIndex++
+		thinkingStart := `{"type":"content_block_start","index":0,"content_block":{"type":"thinking","thinking":""}}`
+		thinkingStart, _ = sjson.Set(thinkingStart, "index", state.ReasoningIndex)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_start\ndata: "+thinkingStart+"\n\n")
+	case "response.reasoning_summary_text.delta":
+		if state.ReasoningActive {
+			delta := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "delta").String()
+			if delta != "" {
+				thinkingDelta := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"thinking_delta","thinking":""}}`
+				thinkingDelta, _ = sjson.Set(thinkingDelta, "index", state.ReasoningIndex)
+				thinkingDelta, _ = sjson.Set(thinkingDelta, "delta.thinking", delta)
+				results = append(results, "event: content_block_delta\ndata: "+thinkingDelta+"\n\n")
+			}
+		}
+	case "response.reasoning_summary_part.done":
+		if state.ReasoningActive {
+			thinkingStop := `{"type":"content_block_stop","index":0}`
+			thinkingStop, _ = sjson.Set(thinkingStop, "index", state.ReasoningIndex)
+			results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+thinkingStop+"\n\n")
+			state.ReasoningActive = false
+		}
+	case "response.output_item.added":
+		if gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item.type").String() != "function_call" {
+			break
+		}
+		ensureMessageStart()
+		stopTextBlockIfNeeded()
+		state.HasToolUse = true
+		tool := &githubCopilotResponsesStreamToolState{
+			Index: state.NextContentIndex,
+			ID:    gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item.call_id").String(),
+			Name:  gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item.name").String(),
+		}
+		if tool.ID == "" {
+			tool.ID = gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item.id").String()
+		}
+		state.NextContentIndex++
+		outputIndex := int(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "output_index").Int())
+		state.OutputIndexToTool[outputIndex] = tool
+		if itemID := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item.id").String(); itemID != "" {
+			state.ItemIDToTool[itemID] = tool
+		}
+		contentBlockStart := `{"type":"content_block_start","index":0,"content_block":{"type":"tool_use","id":"","name":"","input":{}}}`
+		contentBlockStart, _ = sjson.Set(contentBlockStart, "index", tool.Index)
+		contentBlockStart, _ = sjson.Set(contentBlockStart, "content_block.id", tool.ID)
+		contentBlockStart, _ = sjson.Set(contentBlockStart, "content_block.name", tool.Name)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_start\ndata: "+contentBlockStart+"\n\n")
+	case "response.output_item.delta":
+		item := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item")
+		if item.Get("type").String() != "function_call" {
+			break
+		}
+		tool := resolveTool(item.Get("id").String(), int(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "output_index").Int()))
+		if tool == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		partial := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "delta").String()
+		if partial == "" {
+			partial = item.Get("arguments").String()
+		}
+		if partial == "" {
+			break
+		}
+		inputDelta := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"input_json_delta","partial_json":""}}`
+		inputDelta, _ = sjson.Set(inputDelta, "index", tool.Index)
+		inputDelta, _ = sjson.Set(inputDelta, "delta.partial_json", partial)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_delta\ndata: "+inputDelta+"\n\n")
+	case "response.function_call_arguments.delta":
+		// Copilot sends tool call arguments via this event type (not response.output_item.delta).
+		// Data format: {"delta":"...", "item_id":"...", "output_index":N, ...}
+		itemID := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item_id").String()
+		outputIndex := int(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "output_index").Int())
+		tool := resolveTool(itemID, outputIndex)
+		if tool == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		partial := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "delta").String()
+		if partial == "" {
+			break
+		}
+		inputDelta := `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"input_json_delta","partial_json":""}}`
+		inputDelta, _ = sjson.Set(inputDelta, "index", tool.Index)
+		inputDelta, _ = sjson.Set(inputDelta, "delta.partial_json", partial)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_delta\ndata: "+inputDelta+"\n\n")
+	case "response.output_item.done":
+		if gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item.type").String() != "function_call" {
+			break
+		}
+		tool := resolveTool(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "item.id").String(), int(gjson.GetBytes(payload, "output_index").Int()))
+		if tool == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		contentBlockStop := `{"type":"content_block_stop","index":0}`
+		contentBlockStop, _ = sjson.Set(contentBlockStop, "index", tool.Index)
+		results = append(results, "event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+contentBlockStop+"\n\n")
+	case "response.completed":
+		ensureMessageStart()
+		stopTextBlockIfNeeded()
+		if !state.MessageStopSent {
+			stopReason := "end_turn"
+			if state.HasToolUse {
+				stopReason = "tool_use"
+			} else if sr := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "response.stop_reason").String(); sr == "max_tokens" || sr == "stop" {
+				stopReason = sr
+			}
+			inputTokens := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "response.usage.input_tokens").Int()
+			outputTokens := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "response.usage.output_tokens").Int()
+			cachedTokens := gjson.GetBytes(payload, "response.usage.input_tokens_details.cached_tokens").Int()
+			if cachedTokens > 0 && inputTokens >= cachedTokens {
+				inputTokens -= cachedTokens
+			}
+			messageDelta := `{"type":"message_delta","delta":{"stop_reason":"","stop_sequence":null},"usage":{"input_tokens":0,"output_tokens":0}}`
+			messageDelta, _ = sjson.Set(messageDelta, "delta.stop_reason", stopReason)
+			messageDelta, _ = sjson.Set(messageDelta, "usage.input_tokens", inputTokens)
+			messageDelta, _ = sjson.Set(messageDelta, "usage.output_tokens", outputTokens)
+			if cachedTokens > 0 {
+				messageDelta, _ = sjson.Set(messageDelta, "usage.cache_read_input_tokens", cachedTokens)
+			}
+			results = append(results, "event: message_delta\ndata: "+messageDelta+"\n\n")
+			results = append(results, "event: message_stop\ndata: {\"type\":\"message_stop\"}\n\n")
+			state.MessageStopSent = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return results
+}
+
 // isHTTPSuccess checks if the status code indicates success (2xx).
 func isHTTPSuccess(statusCode int) bool {
 	return statusCode >= 200 && statusCode < 300

internal/runtime/executor/github_copilot_executor_test.go

@@ -1,8 +1,11 @@
 package executor
 
 import (
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
 	"testing"
 
+	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
 	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
 )
 
@@ -52,3 +55,279 @@ func TestGitHubCopilotNormalizeModel_StripsSuffix(t *testing.T) {
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func TestUseGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint_OpenAIResponseSource(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	if !useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(sdktranslator.FromString("openai-response"), "claude-3-5-sonnet") {
+		t.Fatal("expected openai-response source to use /responses")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUseGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint_CodexModel(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	if !useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(sdktranslator.FromString("openai"), "gpt-5-codex") {
+		t.Fatal("expected codex model to use /responses")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestUseGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint_DefaultChat(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	if useGitHubCopilotResponsesEndpoint(sdktranslator.FromString("openai"), "claude-3-5-sonnet") {
+		t.Fatal("expected default openai source with non-codex model to use /chat/completions")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotChatTools_KeepFunctionOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"function","function":{"name":"ok"}},{"type":"code_interpreter"}],"tool_choice":"auto"}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotChatTools(body)
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(got, "tools").Array()
+	if len(tools) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("tools len = %d, want 1", len(tools))
+	}
+	if tools[0].Get("type").String() != "function" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool type = %q, want function", tools[0].Get("type").String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotChatTools_InvalidToolChoiceDowngradeToAuto(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"tools":[],"tool_choice":{"type":"function","function":{"name":"x"}}}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotChatTools(body)
+	if gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice").String() != "auto" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool_choice = %s, want auto", gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice").Raw)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesInput_MissingInputExtractedFromSystemAndMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"system":"sys text","messages":[{"role":"user","content":"user text"},{"role":"assistant","content":[{"type":"text","text":"assistant text"}]}]}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesInput(body)
+	in := gjson.GetBytes(got, "input")
+	if !in.IsArray() {
+		t.Fatalf("input type = %v, want array", in.Type)
+	}
+	raw := in.Raw
+	if !strings.Contains(raw, "sys text") || !strings.Contains(raw, "user text") || !strings.Contains(raw, "assistant text") {
+		t.Fatalf("input = %s, want structured array with all texts", raw)
+	}
+	if gjson.GetBytes(got, "messages").Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("messages should be removed after conversion")
+	}
+	if gjson.GetBytes(got, "system").Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("system should be removed after conversion")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesInput_NonStringInputStringified(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"input":{"foo":"bar"}}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesInput(body)
+	in := gjson.GetBytes(got, "input")
+	if in.Type != gjson.String {
+		t.Fatalf("input type = %v, want string", in.Type)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(in.String(), "foo") {
+		t.Fatalf("input = %q, want stringified object", in.String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools_FlattenFunctionTools(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"type":"function","function":{"name":"sum","description":"d","parameters":{"type":"object"}}},{"type":"web_search"}]}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools(body)
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(got, "tools").Array()
+	if len(tools) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("tools len = %d, want 1", len(tools))
+	}
+	if tools[0].Get("name").String() != "sum" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools[0].name = %q, want sum", tools[0].Get("name").String())
+	}
+	if !tools[0].Get("parameters").Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("expected parameters to be preserved")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools_ClaudeFormatTools(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"tools":[{"name":"Bash","description":"Run commands","input_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"command":{"type":"string"}},"required":["command"]}},{"name":"Read","description":"Read files","input_schema":{"type":"object","properties":{"path":{"type":"string"}}}}]}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools(body)
+	tools := gjson.GetBytes(got, "tools").Array()
+	if len(tools) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("tools len = %d, want 2", len(tools))
+	}
+	if tools[0].Get("type").String() != "function" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools[0].type = %q, want function", tools[0].Get("type").String())
+	}
+	if tools[0].Get("name").String() != "Bash" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools[0].name = %q, want Bash", tools[0].Get("name").String())
+	}
+	if tools[0].Get("description").String() != "Run commands" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools[0].description = %q, want 'Run commands'", tools[0].Get("description").String())
+	}
+	if !tools[0].Get("parameters").Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("expected parameters to be set from input_schema")
+	}
+	if tools[0].Get("parameters.properties.command").Exists() != true {
+		t.Fatal("expected parameters.properties.command to exist")
+	}
+	if tools[1].Get("name").String() != "Read" {
+		t.Fatalf("tools[1].name = %q, want Read", tools[1].Get("name").String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools_FlattenToolChoiceFunctionObject(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"tool_choice":{"type":"function","function":{"name":"sum"}}}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools(body)
+	if gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice.type").String() != "function" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool_choice.type = %q, want function", gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice.type").String())
+	}
+	if gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice.name").String() != "sum" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool_choice.name = %q, want sum", gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice.name").String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNormalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools_InvalidToolChoiceDowngradeToAuto(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"tool_choice":{"type":"function"}}`)
+	got := normalizeGitHubCopilotResponsesTools(body)
+	if gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice").String() != "auto" {
+		t.Fatalf("tool_choice = %s, want auto", gjson.GetBytes(got, "tool_choice").Raw)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTranslateGitHubCopilotResponsesNonStreamToClaude_TextMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	resp := []byte(`{"id":"resp_1","model":"gpt-5-codex","output":[{"type":"message","content":[{"type":"output_text","text":"hello"}]}],"usage":{"input_tokens":3,"output_tokens":5}}`)
+	out := translateGitHubCopilotResponsesNonStreamToClaude(resp)
+	if gjson.Get(out, "type").String() != "message" {
+		t.Fatalf("type = %q, want message", gjson.Get(out, "type").String())
+	}
+	if gjson.Get(out, "content.0.type").String() != "text" {
+		t.Fatalf("content.0.type = %q, want text", gjson.Get(out, "content.0.type").String())
+	}
+	if gjson.Get(out, "content.0.text").String() != "hello" {
+		t.Fatalf("content.0.text = %q, want hello", gjson.Get(out, "content.0.text").String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTranslateGitHubCopilotResponsesNonStreamToClaude_ToolUseMapping(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	resp := []byte(`{"id":"resp_2","model":"gpt-5-codex","output":[{"type":"function_call","id":"fc_1","call_id":"call_1","name":"sum","arguments":"{\"a\":1}"}],"usage":{"input_tokens":1,"output_tokens":2}}`)
+	out := translateGitHubCopilotResponsesNonStreamToClaude(resp)
+	if gjson.Get(out, "content.0.type").String() != "tool_use" {
+		t.Fatalf("content.0.type = %q, want tool_use", gjson.Get(out, "content.0.type").String())
+	}
+	if gjson.Get(out, "content.0.name").String() != "sum" {
+		t.Fatalf("content.0.name = %q, want sum", gjson.Get(out, "content.0.name").String())
+	}
+	if gjson.Get(out, "stop_reason").String() != "tool_use" {
+		t.Fatalf("stop_reason = %q, want tool_use", gjson.Get(out, "stop_reason").String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTranslateGitHubCopilotResponsesStreamToClaude_TextLifecycle(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	var param any
+
+	created := translateGitHubCopilotResponsesStreamToClaude([]byte(`data: {"type":"response.created","response":{"id":"resp_1","model":"gpt-5-codex"}}`), &param)
+	if len(created) == 0 || !strings.Contains(created[0], "message_start") {
+		t.Fatalf("created events = %#v, want message_start", created)
+	}
+
+	delta := translateGitHubCopilotResponsesStreamToClaude([]byte(`data: {"type":"response.output_text.delta","delta":"he"}`), &param)
+	joinedDelta := strings.Join(delta, "")
+	if !strings.Contains(joinedDelta, "content_block_start") || !strings.Contains(joinedDelta, "text_delta") {
+		t.Fatalf("delta events = %#v, want content_block_start + text_delta", delta)
+	}
+
+	completed := translateGitHubCopilotResponsesStreamToClaude([]byte(`data: {"type":"response.completed","response":{"usage":{"input_tokens":7,"output_tokens":9}}}`), &param)
+	joinedCompleted := strings.Join(completed, "")
+	if !strings.Contains(joinedCompleted, "message_delta") || !strings.Contains(joinedCompleted, "message_stop") {
+		t.Fatalf("completed events = %#v, want message_delta + message_stop", completed)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Tests for X-Initiator detection logic (Problem L) ---
+
+func TestApplyHeaders_XInitiator_UserOnly(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	e := &GitHubCopilotExecutor{}
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "https://example.com", nil)
+	body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"system","content":"sys"},{"role":"user","content":"hello"}]}`)
+	e.applyHeaders(req, "token", body)
+	if got := req.Header.Get("X-Initiator"); got != "user" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-Initiator = %q, want user", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyHeaders_XInitiator_AgentWithAssistantAndUserToolResult(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	e := &GitHubCopilotExecutor{}
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "https://example.com", nil)
+	// Claude Code typical flow: last message is user (tool result), but has assistant in history
+	body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hello"},{"role":"assistant","content":"I will read the file"},{"role":"user","content":"tool result here"}]}`)
+	e.applyHeaders(req, "token", body)
+	if got := req.Header.Get("X-Initiator"); got != "agent" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-Initiator = %q, want agent (assistant exists in messages)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestApplyHeaders_XInitiator_AgentWithToolRole(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	e := &GitHubCopilotExecutor{}
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "https://example.com", nil)
+	body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":"hello"},{"role":"tool","content":"result"}]}`)
+	e.applyHeaders(req, "token", body)
+	if got := req.Header.Get("X-Initiator"); got != "agent" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-Initiator = %q, want agent (tool role exists)", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Tests for x-github-api-version header (Problem M) ---
+
+func TestApplyHeaders_GitHubAPIVersion(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	e := &GitHubCopilotExecutor{}
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest(http.MethodPost, "https://example.com", nil)
+	e.applyHeaders(req, "token", nil)
+	if got := req.Header.Get("X-Github-Api-Version"); got != "2025-04-01" {
+		t.Fatalf("X-Github-Api-Version = %q, want 2025-04-01", got)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Tests for vision detection (Problem P) ---
+
+func TestDetectVisionContent_WithImageURL(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"describe"},{"type":"image_url","image_url":{"url":"data:image/png;base64,abc"}}]}]}`)
+	if !detectVisionContent(body) {
+		t.Fatal("expected vision content to be detected")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetectVisionContent_WithImageType(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"image","source":{"data":"abc","media_type":"image/png"}}]}]}`)
+	if !detectVisionContent(body) {
+		t.Fatal("expected image type to be detected")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetectVisionContent_NoVision(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	body := []byte(`{"messages":[{"role":"user","content":[{"type":"text","text":"hello"}]}]}`)
+	if detectVisionContent(body) {
+		t.Fatal("expected no vision content")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDetectVisionContent_NoMessages(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+	// After Responses API normalization, messages is removed — detection should return false
+	body := []byte(`{"input":[{"type":"message","role":"user","content":[{"type":"input_text","text":"hello"}]}]}`)
+	if detectVisionContent(body) {
+		t.Fatal("expected no vision content when messages field is absent")
+	}
+}

internal/runtime/executor/iflow_executor.go

@@ -169,12 +169,12 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, re
 	// Note: TranslateNonStream uses req.Model (original with suffix) to preserve
 	// the original model name in the response for client compatibility.
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, body, data, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream performs a streaming chat completion request.
-func (e *IFlowExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *IFlowExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
@@ -262,7 +262,6 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 	}
 
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -294,7 +293,7 @@ func (e *IFlowExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Au
 		reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 	}()
 
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 func (e *IFlowExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {

internal/runtime/executor/kilo_executor.go

@@ -0,0 +1,460 @@
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"bytes"
+	"context"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/registry"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/thinking"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	cliproxyauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/auth"
+	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
+	sdktranslator "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/translator"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+// KiloExecutor handles requests to Kilo API.
+type KiloExecutor struct {
+	cfg *config.Config
+}
+
+// NewKiloExecutor creates a new Kilo executor instance.
+func NewKiloExecutor(cfg *config.Config) *KiloExecutor {
+	return &KiloExecutor{cfg: cfg}
+}
+
+// Identifier returns the unique identifier for this executor.
+func (e *KiloExecutor) Identifier() string { return "kilo" }
+
+// PrepareRequest prepares the HTTP request before execution.
+func (e *KiloExecutor) PrepareRequest(req *http.Request, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) error {
+	if req == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	accessToken, _ := kiloCredentials(auth)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(accessToken) == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("kilo: missing access token")
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
+	}
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(req, attrs)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// HttpRequest executes a raw HTTP request.
+func (e *KiloExecutor) HttpRequest(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	if req == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("kilo executor: request is nil")
+	}
+	if ctx == nil {
+		ctx = req.Context()
+	}
+	httpReq := req.WithContext(ctx)
+	if err := e.PrepareRequest(httpReq, auth); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	return httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+}
+
+// Execute performs a non-streaming request.
+func (e *KiloExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (resp cliproxyexecutor.Response, err error) {
+	baseModel := thinking.ParseSuffix(req.Model).ModelName
+
+	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), baseModel, auth)
+	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
+
+	accessToken, orgID := kiloCredentials(auth)
+	if accessToken == "" {
+		return resp, fmt.Errorf("kilo: missing access token")
+	}
+
+	from := opts.SourceFormat
+	to := sdktranslator.FromString("openai")
+	endpoint := "/api/openrouter/chat/completions"
+
+	originalPayloadSource := req.Payload
+	if len(opts.OriginalRequest) > 0 {
+		originalPayloadSource = opts.OriginalRequest
+	}
+	originalPayload := originalPayloadSource
+	originalTranslated := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, baseModel, originalPayload, opts.Stream)
+	translated := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, baseModel, req.Payload, opts.Stream)
+	requestedModel := payloadRequestedModel(opts, req.Model)
+	translated = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, baseModel, to.String(), "", translated, originalTranslated, requestedModel)
+
+	translated, err = thinking.ApplyThinking(translated, req.Model, from.String(), to.String(), e.Identifier())
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	url := "https://api.kilo.ai" + endpoint
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(translated))
+	if err != nil {
+		return resp, err
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+	if orgID != "" {
+		httpReq.Header.Set("X-Kilocode-OrganizationID", orgID)
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", "cli-proxy-kilo")
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
+	}
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(httpReq, attrs)
+
+	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+		authLabel = auth.Label
+		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
+	}
+	recordAPIRequest(ctx, e.cfg, upstreamRequestLog{
+		URL:       url,
+		Method:    http.MethodPost,
+		Headers:   httpReq.Header.Clone(),
+		Body:      translated,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
+		AuthID:    authID,
+		AuthLabel: authLabel,
+		AuthType:  authType,
+		AuthValue: authValue,
+	})
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, err := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, err)
+		return resp, err
+	}
+	defer httpResp.Body.Close()
+
+	recordAPIResponseMetadata(ctx, e.cfg, httpResp.StatusCode, httpResp.Header.Clone())
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, b)
+		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(b)}
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, err)
+		return resp, err
+	}
+	appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, body)
+	reporter.publish(ctx, parseOpenAIUsage(body))
+	reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
+
+	var param any
+	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, translated, body, &param)
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	return resp, nil
+}
+
+// ExecuteStream performs a streaming request.
+func (e *KiloExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
+	baseModel := thinking.ParseSuffix(req.Model).ModelName
+
+	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), baseModel, auth)
+	defer reporter.trackFailure(ctx, &err)
+
+	accessToken, orgID := kiloCredentials(auth)
+	if accessToken == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("kilo: missing access token")
+	}
+
+	from := opts.SourceFormat
+	to := sdktranslator.FromString("openai")
+	endpoint := "/api/openrouter/chat/completions"
+
+	originalPayloadSource := req.Payload
+	if len(opts.OriginalRequest) > 0 {
+		originalPayloadSource = opts.OriginalRequest
+	}
+	originalPayload := originalPayloadSource
+	originalTranslated := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, baseModel, originalPayload, true)
+	translated := sdktranslator.TranslateRequest(from, to, baseModel, req.Payload, true)
+	requestedModel := payloadRequestedModel(opts, req.Model)
+	translated = applyPayloadConfigWithRoot(e.cfg, baseModel, to.String(), "", translated, originalTranslated, requestedModel)
+
+	translated, err = thinking.ApplyThinking(translated, req.Model, from.String(), to.String(), e.Identifier())
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	url := "https://api.kilo.ai" + endpoint
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, url, bytes.NewReader(translated))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+	if orgID != "" {
+		httpReq.Header.Set("X-Kilocode-OrganizationID", orgID)
+	}
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", "cli-proxy-kilo")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
+
+	var attrs map[string]string
+	if auth != nil {
+		attrs = auth.Attributes
+	}
+	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(httpReq, attrs)
+
+	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+		authLabel = auth.Label
+		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
+	}
+	recordAPIRequest(ctx, e.cfg, upstreamRequestLog{
+		URL:       url,
+		Method:    http.MethodPost,
+		Headers:   httpReq.Header.Clone(),
+		Body:      translated,
+		Provider:  e.Identifier(),
+		AuthID:    authID,
+		AuthLabel: authLabel,
+		AuthType:  authType,
+		AuthValue: authValue,
+	})
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, e.cfg, auth, 0)
+	httpResp, err := httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, err)
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	recordAPIResponseMetadata(ctx, e.cfg, httpResp.StatusCode, httpResp.Header.Clone())
+	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		b, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
+		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, b)
+		httpResp.Body.Close()
+		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(b)}
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		defer httpResp.Body.Close()
+
+		scanner := bufio.NewScanner(httpResp.Body)
+		scanner.Buffer(nil, 52_428_800)
+		var param any
+		for scanner.Scan() {
+			line := scanner.Bytes()
+			appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, line)
+			if detail, ok := parseOpenAIStreamUsage(line); ok {
+				reporter.publish(ctx, detail)
+			}
+			if len(line) == 0 {
+				continue
+			}
+			if !bytes.HasPrefix(line, []byte("data:")) {
+				continue
+			}
+			chunks := sdktranslator.TranslateStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, translated, bytes.Clone(line), &param)
+			for i := range chunks {
+				out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte(chunks[i])}
+			}
+		}
+		if errScan := scanner.Err(); errScan != nil {
+			recordAPIResponseError(ctx, e.cfg, errScan)
+			reporter.publishFailure(ctx)
+			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
+		}
+		reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
+	}()
+
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{
+		Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(),
+		Chunks:  out,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// Refresh validates the Kilo token.
+func (e *KiloExecutor) Refresh(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (*cliproxyauth.Auth, error) {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("missing auth")
+	}
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+// CountTokens returns the token count for the given request.
+func (e *KiloExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, fmt.Errorf("kilo: count tokens not supported")
+}
+
+// kiloCredentials extracts access token and other info from auth.
+func kiloCredentials(auth *cliproxyauth.Auth) (accessToken, orgID string) {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return "", ""
+	}
+
+	// Prefer kilocode specific keys, then fall back to generic keys.
+	// Check metadata first, then attributes.
+	if auth.Metadata != nil {
+		if token, ok := auth.Metadata["kilocodeToken"].(string); ok && token != "" {
+			accessToken = token
+		} else if token, ok := auth.Metadata["access_token"].(string); ok && token != "" {
+			accessToken = token
+		}
+
+		if org, ok := auth.Metadata["kilocodeOrganizationId"].(string); ok && org != "" {
+			orgID = org
+		} else if org, ok := auth.Metadata["organization_id"].(string); ok && org != "" {
+			orgID = org
+		}
+	}
+
+	if accessToken == "" && auth.Attributes != nil {
+		if token := auth.Attributes["kilocodeToken"]; token != "" {
+			accessToken = token
+		} else if token := auth.Attributes["access_token"]; token != "" {
+			accessToken = token
+		}
+	}
+
+	if orgID == "" && auth.Attributes != nil {
+		if org := auth.Attributes["kilocodeOrganizationId"]; org != "" {
+			orgID = org
+		} else if org := auth.Attributes["organization_id"]; org != "" {
+			orgID = org
+		}
+	}
+
+	return accessToken, orgID
+}
+
+// FetchKiloModels fetches models from Kilo API.
+func FetchKiloModels(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, cfg *config.Config) []*registry.ModelInfo {
+	accessToken, orgID := kiloCredentials(auth)
+	if accessToken == "" {
+		log.Infof("kilo: no access token found, skipping dynamic model fetch (using static kilo/auto)")
+		return registry.GetKiloModels()
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("kilo: fetching dynamic models (orgID: %s)", orgID)
+
+	httpClient := newProxyAwareHTTPClient(ctx, cfg, auth, 0)
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, "https://api.kilo.ai/api/openrouter/models", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("kilo: failed to create model fetch request: %v", err)
+		return registry.GetKiloModels()
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+	if orgID != "" {
+		req.Header.Set("X-Kilocode-OrganizationID", orgID)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "cli-proxy-kilo")
+
+	resp, err := httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		if errors.Is(err, context.Canceled) || errors.Is(err, context.DeadlineExceeded) {
+			log.Warnf("kilo: fetch models canceled: %v", err)
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("kilo: using static models (API fetch failed: %v)", err)
+		}
+		return registry.GetKiloModels()
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("kilo: failed to read models response: %v", err)
+		return registry.GetKiloModels()
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		log.Warnf("kilo: fetch models failed: status %d, body: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+		return registry.GetKiloModels()
+	}
+
+	result := gjson.GetBytes(body, "data")
+	if !result.Exists() {
+		// Try root if data field is missing
+		result = gjson.ParseBytes(body)
+		if !result.IsArray() {
+			log.Debugf("kilo: response body: %s", string(body))
+			log.Warn("kilo: invalid API response format (expected array or data field with array)")
+			return registry.GetKiloModels()
+		}
+	}
+
+	var dynamicModels []*registry.ModelInfo
+	now := time.Now().Unix()
+	count := 0
+	totalCount := 0
+
+	result.ForEach(func(key, value gjson.Result) bool {
+		totalCount++
+		id := value.Get("id").String()
+		pIdxResult := value.Get("preferredIndex")
+		preferredIndex := pIdxResult.Int()
+
+		// Filter models where preferredIndex > 0 (Kilo-curated models)
+		if preferredIndex <= 0 {
+			return true
+		}
+
+		// Check if it's free. We look for :free suffix, is_free flag, or zero pricing.
+		isFree := strings.HasSuffix(id, ":free") || id == "giga-potato" || value.Get("is_free").Bool()
+		if !isFree {
+			// Check pricing as fallback
+			promptPricing := value.Get("pricing.prompt").String()
+			if promptPricing == "0" || promptPricing == "0.0" {
+				isFree = true
+			}
+		}
+
+		if !isFree {
+			log.Debugf("kilo: skipping curated paid model: %s", id)
+			return true
+		}
+
+		log.Debugf("kilo: found curated model: %s (preferredIndex: %d)", id, preferredIndex)
+
+		dynamicModels = append(dynamicModels, &registry.ModelInfo{
+			ID:            id,
+			DisplayName:   value.Get("name").String(),
+			ContextLength: int(value.Get("context_length").Int()),
+			OwnedBy:       "kilo",
+			Type:          "kilo",
+			Object:        "model",
+			Created:       now,
+		})
+		count++
+		return true
+	})
+
+	log.Infof("kilo: fetched %d models from API, %d curated free (preferredIndex > 0)", totalCount, count)
+	if count == 0 && totalCount > 0 {
+		log.Warn("kilo: no curated free models found (check API response fields)")
+	}
+
+	staticModels := registry.GetKiloModels()
+	// Always include kilo/auto (first static model)
+	allModels := append(staticModels[:1], dynamicModels...)
+
+	return allModels
+}

internal/runtime/executor/kimi_executor.go

@@ -161,12 +161,12 @@ func (e *KimiExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req
 	// Note: TranslateNonStream uses req.Model (original with suffix) to preserve
 	// the original model name in the response for client compatibility.
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, body, data, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
 // ExecuteStream performs a streaming chat completion request to Kimi.
-func (e *KimiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *KimiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	from := opts.SourceFormat
 	if from.String() == "claude" {
 		auth.Attributes["base_url"] = kimiauth.KimiAPIBaseURL
@@ -253,7 +253,6 @@ func (e *KimiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -285,7 +284,7 @@ func (e *KimiExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 // CountTokens estimates token count for Kimi requests.

internal/runtime/executor/openai_compat_executor.go

@@ -172,11 +172,11 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.A
 	// Translate response back to source format when needed
 	var param any
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, translated, body, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	baseModel := thinking.ParseSuffix(req.Model).ModelName
 
 	reporter := newUsageReporter(ctx, e.Identifier(), baseModel, auth)
@@ -258,7 +258,6 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxy
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -298,7 +297,7 @@ func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxy
 		// Ensure we record the request if no usage chunk was ever seen
 		reporter.ensurePublished(ctx)
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 func (e *OpenAICompatExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {

internal/runtime/executor/qwen_executor.go

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"strings"
+	"sync"
 	"time"
 
 	qwenauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/qwen"
@@ -22,11 +23,151 @@ import (
 )
 
 const (
-	qwenUserAgent           = "google-api-nodejs-client/9.15.1"
-	qwenXGoogAPIClient      = "gl-node/22.17.0"
-	qwenClientMetadataValue = "ideType=IDE_UNSPECIFIED,platform=PLATFORM_UNSPECIFIED,pluginType=GEMINI"
+	qwenUserAgent       = "QwenCode/0.10.3 (darwin; arm64)"
+	qwenRateLimitPerMin = 60          // 60 requests per minute per credential
+	qwenRateLimitWindow = time.Minute // sliding window duration
 )
 
+// qwenBeijingLoc caches the Beijing timezone to avoid repeated LoadLocation syscalls.
+var qwenBeijingLoc = func() *time.Location {
+	loc, err := time.LoadLocation("Asia/Shanghai")
+	if err != nil || loc == nil {
+		log.Warnf("qwen: failed to load Asia/Shanghai timezone: %v, using fixed UTC+8", err)
+		return time.FixedZone("CST", 8*3600)
+	}
+	return loc
+}()
+
+// qwenQuotaCodes is a package-level set of error codes that indicate quota exhaustion.
+var qwenQuotaCodes = map[string]struct{}{
+	"insufficient_quota": {},
+	"quota_exceeded":     {},
+}
+
+// qwenRateLimiter tracks request timestamps per credential for rate limiting.
+// Qwen has a limit of 60 requests per minute per account.
+var qwenRateLimiter = struct {
+	sync.Mutex
+	requests map[string][]time.Time // authID -> request timestamps
+}{
+	requests: make(map[string][]time.Time),
+}
+
+// redactAuthID returns a redacted version of the auth ID for safe logging.
+// Keeps a small prefix/suffix to allow correlation across events.
+func redactAuthID(id string) string {
+	if id == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if len(id) <= 8 {
+		return id
+	}
+	return id[:4] + "..." + id[len(id)-4:]
+}
+
+// checkQwenRateLimit checks if the credential has exceeded the rate limit.
+// Returns nil if allowed, or a statusErr with retryAfter if rate limited.
+func checkQwenRateLimit(authID string) error {
+	if authID == "" {
+		// Empty authID should not bypass rate limiting in production
+		// Use debug level to avoid log spam for certain auth flows
+		log.Debug("qwen rate limit check: empty authID, skipping rate limit")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	windowStart := now.Add(-qwenRateLimitWindow)
+
+	qwenRateLimiter.Lock()
+	defer qwenRateLimiter.Unlock()
+
+	// Get and filter timestamps within the window
+	timestamps := qwenRateLimiter.requests[authID]
+	var validTimestamps []time.Time
+	for _, ts := range timestamps {
+		if ts.After(windowStart) {
+			validTimestamps = append(validTimestamps, ts)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Always prune expired entries to prevent memory leak
+	// Delete empty entries, otherwise update with pruned slice
+	if len(validTimestamps) == 0 {
+		delete(qwenRateLimiter.requests, authID)
+	}
+
+	// Check if rate limit exceeded
+	if len(validTimestamps) >= qwenRateLimitPerMin {
+		// Calculate when the oldest request will expire
+		oldestInWindow := validTimestamps[0]
+		retryAfter := oldestInWindow.Add(qwenRateLimitWindow).Sub(now)
+		if retryAfter < time.Second {
+			retryAfter = time.Second
+		}
+		retryAfterSec := int(retryAfter.Seconds())
+		return statusErr{
+			code:       http.StatusTooManyRequests,
+			msg:        fmt.Sprintf(`{"error":{"code":"rate_limit_exceeded","message":"Qwen rate limit: %d requests/minute exceeded, retry after %ds","type":"rate_limit_exceeded"}}`, qwenRateLimitPerMin, retryAfterSec),
+			retryAfter: &retryAfter,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Record this request and update the map with pruned timestamps
+	validTimestamps = append(validTimestamps, now)
+	qwenRateLimiter.requests[authID] = validTimestamps
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// isQwenQuotaError checks if the error response indicates a quota exceeded error.
+// Qwen returns HTTP 403 with error.code="insufficient_quota" when daily quota is exhausted.
+func isQwenQuotaError(body []byte) bool {
+	code := strings.ToLower(gjson.GetBytes(body, "error.code").String())
+	errType := strings.ToLower(gjson.GetBytes(body, "error.type").String())
+
+	// Primary check: exact match on error.code or error.type (most reliable)
+	if _, ok := qwenQuotaCodes[code]; ok {
+		return true
+	}
+	if _, ok := qwenQuotaCodes[errType]; ok {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	// Fallback: check message only if code/type don't match (less reliable)
+	msg := strings.ToLower(gjson.GetBytes(body, "error.message").String())
+	if strings.Contains(msg, "insufficient_quota") || strings.Contains(msg, "quota exceeded") ||
+		strings.Contains(msg, "free allocated quota exceeded") {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// wrapQwenError wraps an HTTP error response, detecting quota errors and mapping them to 429.
+// Returns the appropriate status code and retryAfter duration for statusErr.
+// Only checks for quota errors when httpCode is 403 or 429 to avoid false positives.
+func wrapQwenError(ctx context.Context, httpCode int, body []byte) (errCode int, retryAfter *time.Duration) {
+	errCode = httpCode
+	// Only check quota errors for expected status codes to avoid false positives
+	// Qwen returns 403 for quota errors, 429 for rate limits
+	if (httpCode == http.StatusForbidden || httpCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests) && isQwenQuotaError(body) {
+		errCode = http.StatusTooManyRequests // Map to 429 to trigger quota logic
+		cooldown := timeUntilNextDay()
+		retryAfter = &cooldown
+		logWithRequestID(ctx).Warnf("qwen quota exceeded (http %d -> %d), cooling down until tomorrow (%v)", httpCode, errCode, cooldown)
+	}
+	return errCode, retryAfter
+}
+
+// timeUntilNextDay returns duration until midnight Beijing time (UTC+8).
+// Qwen's daily quota resets at 00:00 Beijing time.
+func timeUntilNextDay() time.Duration {
+	now := time.Now()
+	nowLocal := now.In(qwenBeijingLoc)
+	tomorrow := time.Date(nowLocal.Year(), nowLocal.Month(), nowLocal.Day()+1, 0, 0, 0, 0, qwenBeijingLoc)
+	return tomorrow.Sub(now)
+}
+
 // QwenExecutor is a stateless executor for Qwen Code using OpenAI-compatible chat completions.
 // If access token is unavailable, it falls back to legacy via ClientAdapter.
 type QwenExecutor struct {
@@ -69,6 +210,17 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return resp, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
+
+	// Check rate limit before proceeding
+	var authID string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+	}
+	if err := checkQwenRateLimit(authID); err != nil {
+		logWithRequestID(ctx).Warnf("qwen rate limit exceeded for credential %s", redactAuthID(authID))
+		return resp, err
+	}
+
 	baseModel := thinking.ParseSuffix(req.Model).ModelName
 
 	token, baseURL := qwenCreds(auth)
@@ -104,9 +256,8 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req
 		return resp, err
 	}
 	applyQwenHeaders(httpReq, token, false)
-	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	var authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
-		authID = auth.ID
 		authLabel = auth.Label
 		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
 	}
@@ -137,8 +288,10 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req
 	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
 		b, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
 		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, b)
-		logWithRequestID(ctx).Debugf("request error, error status: %d, error message: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), b))
-		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(b)}
+
+		errCode, retryAfter := wrapQwenError(ctx, httpResp.StatusCode, b)
+		logWithRequestID(ctx).Debugf("request error, error status: %d (mapped: %d), error message: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, errCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), b))
+		err = statusErr{code: errCode, msg: string(b), retryAfter: retryAfter}
 		return resp, err
 	}
 	data, err := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
@@ -152,14 +305,25 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req
 	// Note: TranslateNonStream uses req.Model (original with suffix) to preserve
 	// the original model name in the response for client compatibility.
 	out := sdktranslator.TranslateNonStream(ctx, to, from, req.Model, opts.OriginalRequest, body, data, &param)
-	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out)}
+	resp = cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(out), Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone()}
 	return resp, nil
 }
 
-func (e *QwenExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (stream <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, err error) {
+func (e *QwenExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (_ *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, err error) {
 	if opts.Alt == "responses/compact" {
 		return nil, statusErr{code: http.StatusNotImplemented, msg: "/responses/compact not supported"}
 	}
+
+	// Check rate limit before proceeding
+	var authID string
+	if auth != nil {
+		authID = auth.ID
+	}
+	if err := checkQwenRateLimit(authID); err != nil {
+		logWithRequestID(ctx).Warnf("qwen rate limit exceeded for credential %s", redactAuthID(authID))
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
 	baseModel := thinking.ParseSuffix(req.Model).ModelName
 
 	token, baseURL := qwenCreds(auth)
@@ -202,9 +366,8 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	applyQwenHeaders(httpReq, token, true)
-	var authID, authLabel, authType, authValue string
+	var authLabel, authType, authValue string
 	if auth != nil {
-		authID = auth.ID
 		authLabel = auth.Label
 		authType, authValue = auth.AccountInfo()
 	}
@@ -230,15 +393,16 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 	if httpResp.StatusCode < 200 || httpResp.StatusCode >= 300 {
 		b, _ := io.ReadAll(httpResp.Body)
 		appendAPIResponseChunk(ctx, e.cfg, b)
-		logWithRequestID(ctx).Debugf("request error, error status: %d, error message: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), b))
+
+		errCode, retryAfter := wrapQwenError(ctx, httpResp.StatusCode, b)
+		logWithRequestID(ctx).Debugf("request error, error status: %d (mapped: %d), error message: %s", httpResp.StatusCode, errCode, summarizeErrorBody(httpResp.Header.Get("Content-Type"), b))
 		if errClose := httpResp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
 			log.Errorf("qwen executor: close response body error: %v", errClose)
 		}
-		err = statusErr{code: httpResp.StatusCode, msg: string(b)}
+		err = statusErr{code: errCode, msg: string(b), retryAfter: retryAfter}
 		return nil, err
 	}
 	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-	stream = out
 	go func() {
 		defer close(out)
 		defer func() {
@@ -270,7 +434,7 @@ func (e *QwenExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Aut
 			out <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: errScan}
 		}
 	}()
-	return stream, nil
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: httpResp.Header.Clone(), Chunks: out}, nil
 }
 
 func (e *QwenExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *cliproxyauth.Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
@@ -344,8 +508,18 @@ func applyQwenHeaders(r *http.Request, token string, stream bool) {
 	r.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
 	r.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
 	r.Header.Set("User-Agent", qwenUserAgent)
-	r.Header.Set("X-Goog-Api-Client", qwenXGoogAPIClient)
-	r.Header.Set("Client-Metadata", qwenClientMetadataValue)
+	r.Header.Set("X-Dashscope-Useragent", qwenUserAgent)
+	r.Header.Set("X-Stainless-Runtime-Version", "v22.17.0")
+	r.Header.Set("Sec-Fetch-Mode", "cors")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Stainless-Lang", "js")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Stainless-Arch", "arm64")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Stainless-Package-Version", "5.11.0")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Dashscope-Cachecontrol", "enable")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Stainless-Retry-Count", "0")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Stainless-Os", "MacOS")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Dashscope-Authtype", "qwen-oauth")
+	r.Header.Set("X-Stainless-Runtime", "node")
+
 	if stream {
 		r.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
 		return

internal/runtime/executor/user_id_cache.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+type userIDCacheEntry struct {
+	value  string
+	expire time.Time
+}
+
+var (
+	userIDCache            = make(map[string]userIDCacheEntry)
+	userIDCacheMu          sync.RWMutex
+	userIDCacheCleanupOnce sync.Once
+)
+
+const (
+	userIDTTL                = time.Hour
+	userIDCacheCleanupPeriod = 15 * time.Minute
+)
+
+func startUserIDCacheCleanup() {
+	go func() {
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(userIDCacheCleanupPeriod)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+		for range ticker.C {
+			purgeExpiredUserIDs()
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func purgeExpiredUserIDs() {
+	now := time.Now()
+	userIDCacheMu.Lock()
+	for key, entry := range userIDCache {
+		if !entry.expire.After(now) {
+			delete(userIDCache, key)
+		}
+	}
+	userIDCacheMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func userIDCacheKey(apiKey string) string {
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(apiKey))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+}
+
+func cachedUserID(apiKey string) string {
+	if apiKey == "" {
+		return generateFakeUserID()
+	}
+
+	userIDCacheCleanupOnce.Do(startUserIDCacheCleanup)
+
+	key := userIDCacheKey(apiKey)
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	userIDCacheMu.RLock()
+	entry, ok := userIDCache[key]
+	valid := ok && entry.value != "" && entry.expire.After(now) && isValidUserID(entry.value)
+	userIDCacheMu.RUnlock()
+	if valid {
+		userIDCacheMu.Lock()
+		entry = userIDCache[key]
+		if entry.value != "" && entry.expire.After(now) && isValidUserID(entry.value) {
+			entry.expire = now.Add(userIDTTL)
+			userIDCache[key] = entry
+			userIDCacheMu.Unlock()
+			return entry.value
+		}
+		userIDCacheMu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	newID := generateFakeUserID()
+
+	userIDCacheMu.Lock()
+	entry, ok = userIDCache[key]
+	if !ok || entry.value == "" || !entry.expire.After(now) || !isValidUserID(entry.value) {
+		entry.value = newID
+	}
+	entry.expire = now.Add(userIDTTL)
+	userIDCache[key] = entry
+	userIDCacheMu.Unlock()
+	return entry.value
+}

internal/runtime/executor/user_id_cache_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
+package executor
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func resetUserIDCache() {
+	userIDCacheMu.Lock()
+	userIDCache = make(map[string]userIDCacheEntry)
+	userIDCacheMu.Unlock()
+}
+
+func TestCachedUserID_ReusesWithinTTL(t *testing.T) {
+	resetUserIDCache()
+
+	first := cachedUserID("api-key-1")
+	second := cachedUserID("api-key-1")
+
+	if first == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected generated user_id to be non-empty")
+	}
+	if first != second {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached user_id to be reused, got %q and %q", first, second)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCachedUserID_ExpiresAfterTTL(t *testing.T) {
+	resetUserIDCache()
+
+	expiredID := cachedUserID("api-key-expired")
+	cacheKey := userIDCacheKey("api-key-expired")
+	userIDCacheMu.Lock()
+	userIDCache[cacheKey] = userIDCacheEntry{
+		value:  expiredID,
+		expire: time.Now().Add(-time.Minute),
+	}
+	userIDCacheMu.Unlock()
+
+	newID := cachedUserID("api-key-expired")
+	if newID == expiredID {
+		t.Fatalf("expected expired user_id to be replaced, got %q", newID)
+	}
+	if newID == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected regenerated user_id to be non-empty")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCachedUserID_IsScopedByAPIKey(t *testing.T) {
+	resetUserIDCache()
+
+	first := cachedUserID("api-key-1")
+	second := cachedUserID("api-key-2")
+
+	if first == second {
+		t.Fatalf("expected different API keys to have different user_ids, got %q", first)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCachedUserID_RenewsTTLOnHit(t *testing.T) {
+	resetUserIDCache()
+
+	key := "api-key-renew"
+	id := cachedUserID(key)
+	cacheKey := userIDCacheKey(key)
+
+	soon := time.Now()
+	userIDCacheMu.Lock()
+	userIDCache[cacheKey] = userIDCacheEntry{
+		value:  id,
+		expire: soon.Add(2 * time.Second),
+	}
+	userIDCacheMu.Unlock()
+
+	if refreshed := cachedUserID(key); refreshed != id {
+		t.Fatalf("expected cached user_id to be reused before expiry, got %q", refreshed)
+	}
+
+	userIDCacheMu.RLock()
+	entry := userIDCache[cacheKey]
+	userIDCacheMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if entry.expire.Sub(soon) < 30*time.Minute {
+		t.Fatalf("expected TTL to renew, got %v remaining", entry.expire.Sub(soon))
+	}
+}

internal/translator/antigravity/claude/antigravity_claude_request.go

@@ -223,16 +223,71 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _
 								functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.Set(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", responseData)
 							} else if functionResponseResult.IsArray() {
 								frResults := functionResponseResult.Array()
-								if len(frResults) == 1 {
-									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", frResults[0].Raw)
+								nonImageCount := 0
+								lastNonImageRaw := ""
+								filteredJSON := "[]"
+								imagePartsJSON := "[]"
+								for _, fr := range frResults {
+									if fr.Get("type").String() == "image" && fr.Get("source.type").String() == "base64" {
+										inlineDataJSON := `{}`
+										if mimeType := fr.Get("source.media_type").String(); mimeType != "" {
+											inlineDataJSON, _ = sjson.Set(inlineDataJSON, "mimeType", mimeType)
+										}
+										if data := fr.Get("source.data").String(); data != "" {
+											inlineDataJSON, _ = sjson.Set(inlineDataJSON, "data", data)
+										}
+
+										imagePartJSON := `{}`
+										imagePartJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(imagePartJSON, "inlineData", inlineDataJSON)
+										imagePartsJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(imagePartsJSON, "-1", imagePartJSON)
+										continue
+									}
+
+									nonImageCount++
+									lastNonImageRaw = fr.Raw
+									filteredJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(filteredJSON, "-1", fr.Raw)
+								}
+
+								if nonImageCount == 1 {
+									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", lastNonImageRaw)
+								} else if nonImageCount > 1 {
+									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", filteredJSON)
 								} else {
-									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", functionResponseResult.Raw)
+									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.Set(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", "")
+								}
+
+								// Place image data inside functionResponse.parts as inlineData
+								// instead of as sibling parts in the outer content, to avoid
+								// base64 data bloating the text context.
+								if gjson.Get(imagePartsJSON, "#").Int() > 0 {
+									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "parts", imagePartsJSON)
 								}
 
 							} else if functionResponseResult.IsObject() {
+								if functionResponseResult.Get("type").String() == "image" && functionResponseResult.Get("source.type").String() == "base64" {
+									inlineDataJSON := `{}`
+									if mimeType := functionResponseResult.Get("source.media_type").String(); mimeType != "" {
+										inlineDataJSON, _ = sjson.Set(inlineDataJSON, "mimeType", mimeType)
+									}
+									if data := functionResponseResult.Get("source.data").String(); data != "" {
+										inlineDataJSON, _ = sjson.Set(inlineDataJSON, "data", data)
+									}
+
+									imagePartJSON := `{}`
+									imagePartJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(imagePartJSON, "inlineData", inlineDataJSON)
+									imagePartsJSON := "[]"
+									imagePartsJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(imagePartsJSON, "-1", imagePartJSON)
+									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "parts", imagePartsJSON)
+									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.Set(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", "")
+								} else {
+									functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", functionResponseResult.Raw)
+								}
+							} else if functionResponseResult.Raw != "" {
 								functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", functionResponseResult.Raw)
 							} else {
-								functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.SetRaw(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", functionResponseResult.Raw)
+								// Content field is missing entirely — .Raw is empty which
+								// causes sjson.SetRaw to produce invalid JSON (e.g. "result":}).
+								functionResponseJSON, _ = sjson.Set(functionResponseJSON, "response.result", "")
 							}
 
 							partJSON := `{}`
@@ -244,7 +299,7 @@ func ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _
 						if sourceResult.Get("type").String() == "base64" {
 							inlineDataJSON := `{}`
 							if mimeType := sourceResult.Get("media_type").String(); mimeType != "" {
-								inlineDataJSON, _ = sjson.Set(inlineDataJSON, "mime_type", mimeType)
+								inlineDataJSON, _ = sjson.Set(inlineDataJSON, "mimeType", mimeType)
 							}
 							if data := sourceResult.Get("data").String(); data != "" {
 								inlineDataJSON, _ = sjson.Set(inlineDataJSON, "data", data)

internal/translator/antigravity/claude/antigravity_claude_request_test.go

@@ -413,8 +413,8 @@ func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ImageContent(t *testing.T) {
 	if !inlineData.Exists() {
 		t.Error("inlineData should exist")
 	}
-	if inlineData.Get("mime_type").String() != "image/png" {
-		t.Error("mime_type mismatch")
+	if inlineData.Get("mimeType").String() != "image/png" {
+		t.Error("mimeType mismatch")
 	}
 	if !strings.Contains(inlineData.Get("data").String(), "iVBORw0KGgo") {
 		t.Error("data mismatch")
@@ -661,6 +661,508 @@ func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ThinkingOnly_NoHint(t *testing.T) {
 	}
 }
 
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultNoContent(t *testing.T) {
+	// Bug repro: tool_result with no content field produces invalid JSON
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "assistant",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_use",
+						"id": "MyTool-123-456",
+						"name": "MyTool",
+						"input": {"key": "value"}
+					}
+				]
+			},
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "MyTool-123-456"
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-opus-4-6-thinking", inputJSON, true)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Errorf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	// Verify the functionResponse has a valid result value
+	fr := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.1.parts.0.functionResponse.response.result")
+	if !fr.Exists() {
+		t.Error("functionResponse.response.result should exist")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultNullContent(t *testing.T) {
+	// Bug repro: tool_result with null content produces invalid JSON
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "assistant",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_use",
+						"id": "MyTool-123-456",
+						"name": "MyTool",
+						"input": {"key": "value"}
+					}
+				]
+			},
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "MyTool-123-456",
+						"content": null
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-opus-4-6-thinking", inputJSON, true)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Errorf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultWithImage(t *testing.T) {
+	// tool_result with array content containing text + image should place
+	// image data inside functionResponse.parts as inlineData, not as a
+	// sibling part in the outer content (to avoid base64 context bloat).
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "Read-123-456",
+						"content": [
+							{
+								"type": "text",
+								"text": "File content here"
+							},
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {
+									"type": "base64",
+									"media_type": "image/png",
+									"data": "iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUg=="
+								}
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-sonnet-4-5", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Fatalf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	// Image should be inside functionResponse.parts, not as outer sibling part
+	funcResp := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist")
+	}
+
+	// Text content should be in response.result
+	resultText := funcResp.Get("response.result.text").String()
+	if resultText != "File content here" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected response.result.text = 'File content here', got '%s'", resultText)
+	}
+
+	// Image should be in functionResponse.parts[0].inlineData
+	inlineData := funcResp.Get("parts.0.inlineData")
+	if !inlineData.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse.parts[0].inlineData should exist")
+	}
+	if inlineData.Get("mimeType").String() != "image/png" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected mimeType 'image/png', got '%s'", inlineData.Get("mimeType").String())
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(inlineData.Get("data").String(), "iVBORw0KGgo") {
+		t.Error("data mismatch")
+	}
+
+	// Image should NOT be in outer parts (only functionResponse part should exist)
+	outerParts := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts")
+	if outerParts.IsArray() && len(outerParts.Array()) > 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected only 1 outer part (functionResponse), got %d", len(outerParts.Array()))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultWithSingleImage(t *testing.T) {
+	// tool_result with single image object as content should place
+	// image data inside functionResponse.parts, not as outer sibling part.
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "Read-789-012",
+						"content": {
+							"type": "image",
+							"source": {
+								"type": "base64",
+								"media_type": "image/jpeg",
+								"data": "/9j/4AAQSkZJRgABAQ=="
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-sonnet-4-5", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Fatalf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	funcResp := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist")
+	}
+
+	// response.result should be empty (image only)
+	if funcResp.Get("response.result").String() != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected empty response.result for image-only content, got '%s'", funcResp.Get("response.result").String())
+	}
+
+	// Image should be in functionResponse.parts[0].inlineData
+	inlineData := funcResp.Get("parts.0.inlineData")
+	if !inlineData.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse.parts[0].inlineData should exist")
+	}
+	if inlineData.Get("mimeType").String() != "image/jpeg" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected mimeType 'image/jpeg', got '%s'", inlineData.Get("mimeType").String())
+	}
+
+	// Image should NOT be in outer parts
+	outerParts := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts")
+	if outerParts.IsArray() && len(outerParts.Array()) > 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected only 1 outer part, got %d", len(outerParts.Array()))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultWithMultipleImagesAndTexts(t *testing.T) {
+	// tool_result with array content: 2 text items + 2 images
+	// All images go into functionResponse.parts, texts into response.result array
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "Multi-001",
+						"content": [
+							{"type": "text", "text": "First text"},
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {"type": "base64", "media_type": "image/png", "data": "AAAA"}
+							},
+							{"type": "text", "text": "Second text"},
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {"type": "base64", "media_type": "image/jpeg", "data": "BBBB"}
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-sonnet-4-5", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Fatalf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	funcResp := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist")
+	}
+
+	// Multiple text items => response.result is an array
+	resultArr := funcResp.Get("response.result")
+	if !resultArr.IsArray() {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected response.result to be an array, got: %s", resultArr.Raw)
+	}
+	results := resultArr.Array()
+	if len(results) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 result items, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+
+	// Both images should be in functionResponse.parts
+	imgParts := funcResp.Get("parts").Array()
+	if len(imgParts) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 image parts in functionResponse.parts, got %d", len(imgParts))
+	}
+	if imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String() != "image/png" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected first image mimeType 'image/png', got '%s'", imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String())
+	}
+	if imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.data").String() != "AAAA" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected first image data 'AAAA', got '%s'", imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.data").String())
+	}
+	if imgParts[1].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String() != "image/jpeg" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected second image mimeType 'image/jpeg', got '%s'", imgParts[1].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String())
+	}
+	if imgParts[1].Get("inlineData.data").String() != "BBBB" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected second image data 'BBBB', got '%s'", imgParts[1].Get("inlineData.data").String())
+	}
+
+	// Only 1 outer part (the functionResponse itself)
+	outerParts := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts").Array()
+	if len(outerParts) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 outer part, got %d", len(outerParts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultWithOnlyMultipleImages(t *testing.T) {
+	// tool_result with only images (no text) — response.result should be empty string
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "ImgOnly-001",
+						"content": [
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {"type": "base64", "media_type": "image/png", "data": "PNG1"}
+							},
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {"type": "base64", "media_type": "image/gif", "data": "GIF1"}
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-sonnet-4-5", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Fatalf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	funcResp := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist")
+	}
+
+	// No text => response.result should be empty string
+	if funcResp.Get("response.result").String() != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected empty response.result, got '%s'", funcResp.Get("response.result").String())
+	}
+
+	// Both images in functionResponse.parts
+	imgParts := funcResp.Get("parts").Array()
+	if len(imgParts) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 image parts, got %d", len(imgParts))
+	}
+	if imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String() != "image/png" {
+		t.Error("first image mimeType mismatch")
+	}
+	if imgParts[1].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String() != "image/gif" {
+		t.Error("second image mimeType mismatch")
+	}
+
+	// Only 1 outer part
+	outerParts := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts").Array()
+	if len(outerParts) != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("Expected 1 outer part, got %d", len(outerParts))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultImageNotBase64(t *testing.T) {
+	// image with source.type != "base64" should be treated as non-image (falls through)
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "NotB64-001",
+						"content": [
+							{"type": "text", "text": "some output"},
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {"type": "url", "url": "https://example.com/img.png"}
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-sonnet-4-5", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Fatalf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	funcResp := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist")
+	}
+
+	// Non-base64 image is treated as non-image, so it goes into the filtered results
+	// along with the text item. Since there are 2 non-image items, result is array.
+	resultArr := funcResp.Get("response.result")
+	if !resultArr.IsArray() {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected response.result to be an array (2 non-image items), got: %s", resultArr.Raw)
+	}
+	results := resultArr.Array()
+	if len(results) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 2 result items, got %d", len(results))
+	}
+
+	// No functionResponse.parts (no base64 images collected)
+	if funcResp.Get("parts").Exists() {
+		t.Error("functionResponse.parts should NOT exist when no base64 images")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultImageMissingData(t *testing.T) {
+	// image with source.type=base64 but missing data field
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "NoData-001",
+						"content": [
+							{"type": "text", "text": "output"},
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {"type": "base64", "media_type": "image/png"}
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-sonnet-4-5", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Fatalf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	funcResp := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist")
+	}
+
+	// The image is still classified as base64 image (type check passes),
+	// but data field is missing => inlineData has mimeType but no data
+	imgParts := funcResp.Get("parts").Array()
+	if len(imgParts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 image part, got %d", len(imgParts))
+	}
+	if imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String() != "image/png" {
+		t.Error("mimeType should still be set")
+	}
+	if imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.data").Exists() {
+		t.Error("data should not exist when source.data is missing")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolResultImageMissingMediaType(t *testing.T) {
+	// image with source.type=base64 but missing media_type field
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "claude-3-5-sonnet-20240620",
+		"messages": [
+			{
+				"role": "user",
+				"content": [
+					{
+						"type": "tool_result",
+						"tool_use_id": "NoMime-001",
+						"content": [
+							{"type": "text", "text": "output"},
+							{
+								"type": "image",
+								"source": {"type": "base64", "data": "AAAA"}
+							}
+						]
+					}
+				]
+			}
+		]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity("claude-sonnet-4-5", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if !gjson.Valid(outputStr) {
+		t.Fatalf("Result is not valid JSON:\n%s", outputStr)
+	}
+
+	funcResp := gjson.Get(outputStr, "request.contents.0.parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist")
+	}
+
+	// The image is still classified as base64 image,
+	// but media_type is missing => inlineData has data but no mimeType
+	imgParts := funcResp.Get("parts").Array()
+	if len(imgParts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 image part, got %d", len(imgParts))
+	}
+	if imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.mimeType").Exists() {
+		t.Error("mimeType should not exist when media_type is missing")
+	}
+	if imgParts[0].Get("inlineData.data").String() != "AAAA" {
+		t.Error("data should still be set")
+	}
+}
+
 func TestConvertClaudeRequestToAntigravity_ToolAndThinking_NoExistingSystem(t *testing.T) {
 	// When tools + thinking but no system instruction, should create one with hint
 	inputJSON := []byte(`{

internal/translator/antigravity/gemini/antigravity_gemini_request_test.go

@@ -93,3 +93,81 @@ func TestConvertGeminiRequestToAntigravity_ParallelFunctionCalls(t *testing.T) {
 		}
 	}
 }
+
+func TestFixCLIToolResponse_PreservesFunctionResponseParts(t *testing.T) {
+	// When functionResponse contains a "parts" field with inlineData (from Claude
+	// translator's image embedding), fixCLIToolResponse should preserve it as-is.
+	// parseFunctionResponseRaw returns response.Raw for valid JSON objects,
+	// so extra fields like "parts" survive the pipeline.
+	input := `{
+		"model": "claude-opus-4-6-thinking",
+		"request": {
+			"contents": [
+				{
+					"role": "model",
+					"parts": [
+						{
+							"functionCall": {"name": "screenshot", "args": {}}
+						}
+					]
+				},
+				{
+					"role": "function",
+					"parts": [
+						{
+							"functionResponse": {
+								"id": "tool-001",
+								"name": "screenshot",
+								"response": {"result": "Screenshot taken"},
+								"parts": [
+									{"inlineData": {"mimeType": "image/png", "data": "iVBOR"}}
+								]
+							}
+						}
+					]
+				}
+			]
+		}
+	}`
+
+	result, err := fixCLIToolResponse(input)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("fixCLIToolResponse failed: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Find the function response content (role=function)
+	contents := gjson.Get(result, "request.contents").Array()
+	var funcContent gjson.Result
+	for _, c := range contents {
+		if c.Get("role").String() == "function" {
+			funcContent = c
+			break
+		}
+	}
+	if !funcContent.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("function role content should exist in output")
+	}
+
+	// The functionResponse should be preserved with its parts field
+	funcResp := funcContent.Get("parts.0.functionResponse")
+	if !funcResp.Exists() {
+		t.Fatal("functionResponse should exist in output")
+	}
+
+	// Verify the parts field with inlineData is preserved
+	inlineParts := funcResp.Get("parts").Array()
+	if len(inlineParts) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("Expected 1 inlineData part in functionResponse.parts, got %d", len(inlineParts))
+	}
+	if inlineParts[0].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String() != "image/png" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected mimeType 'image/png', got '%s'", inlineParts[0].Get("inlineData.mimeType").String())
+	}
+	if inlineParts[0].Get("inlineData.data").String() != "iVBOR" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected data 'iVBOR', got '%s'", inlineParts[0].Get("inlineData.data").String())
+	}
+
+	// Verify response.result is also preserved
+	if funcResp.Get("response.result").String() != "Screenshot taken" {
+		t.Errorf("Expected response.result 'Screenshot taken', got '%s'", funcResp.Get("response.result").String())
+	}
+}

internal/translator/antigravity/openai/chat-completions/antigravity_openai_request.go

@@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToAntigravity(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _
 								if len(pieces) == 2 && len(pieces[1]) > 7 {
 									mime := pieces[0]
 									data := pieces[1][7:]
-									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.mime_type", mime)
+									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.mimeType", mime)
 									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.data", data)
 									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".thoughtSignature", geminiCLIFunctionThoughtSignature)
 									p++
@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToAntigravity(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _
 								ext = sp[len(sp)-1]
 							}
 							if mimeType, ok := misc.MimeTypes[ext]; ok {
-								node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.mime_type", mimeType)
+								node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.mimeType", mimeType)
 								node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.data", fileData)
 								p++
 							} else {
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToAntigravity(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, _
 								if len(pieces) == 2 && len(pieces[1]) > 7 {
 									mime := pieces[0]
 									data := pieces[1][7:]
-									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.mime_type", mime)
+									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.mimeType", mime)
 									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".inlineData.data", data)
 									node, _ = sjson.SetBytes(node, "parts."+itoa(p)+".thoughtSignature", geminiCLIFunctionThoughtSignature)
 									p++

internal/translator/antigravity/openai/chat-completions/antigravity_openai_response.go

@@ -95,9 +95,9 @@ func ConvertAntigravityResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, _ string, originalReq
 		if totalTokenCountResult := usageResult.Get("totalTokenCount"); totalTokenCountResult.Exists() {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.total_tokens", totalTokenCountResult.Int())
 		}
-		promptTokenCount := usageResult.Get("promptTokenCount").Int() - cachedTokenCount
+		promptTokenCount := usageResult.Get("promptTokenCount").Int()
 		thoughtsTokenCount := usageResult.Get("thoughtsTokenCount").Int()
-		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount+thoughtsTokenCount)
+		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount)
 		if thoughtsTokenCount > 0 {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens", thoughtsTokenCount)
 		}

internal/translator/claude/openai/chat-completions/claude_openai_request.go

@@ -199,6 +199,21 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToClaude(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, stream
 									msg, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msg, "content.-1", imagePart)
 								}
 							}
+
+						case "file":
+							fileData := part.Get("file.file_data").String()
+							if strings.HasPrefix(fileData, "data:") {
+								semicolonIdx := strings.Index(fileData, ";")
+								commaIdx := strings.Index(fileData, ",")
+								if semicolonIdx != -1 && commaIdx != -1 && commaIdx > semicolonIdx {
+									mediaType := strings.TrimPrefix(fileData[:semicolonIdx], "data:")
+									data := fileData[commaIdx+1:]
+									docPart := `{"type":"document","source":{"type":"base64","media_type":"","data":""}}`
+									docPart, _ = sjson.Set(docPart, "source.media_type", mediaType)
+									docPart, _ = sjson.Set(docPart, "source.data", data)
+									msg, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msg, "content.-1", docPart)
+								}
+							}
 						}
 						return true
 					})

internal/translator/claude/openai/responses/claude_openai-responses_request.go

@@ -155,6 +155,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToClaude(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte
 				var textAggregate strings.Builder
 				var partsJSON []string
 				hasImage := false
+				hasFile := false
 				if parts := item.Get("content"); parts.Exists() && parts.IsArray() {
 					parts.ForEach(func(_, part gjson.Result) bool {
 						ptype := part.Get("type").String()
@@ -207,6 +208,30 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToClaude(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte
 									hasImage = true
 								}
 							}
+						case "input_file":
+							fileData := part.Get("file_data").String()
+							if fileData != "" {
+								mediaType := "application/octet-stream"
+								data := fileData
+								if strings.HasPrefix(fileData, "data:") {
+									trimmed := strings.TrimPrefix(fileData, "data:")
+									mediaAndData := strings.SplitN(trimmed, ";base64,", 2)
+									if len(mediaAndData) == 2 {
+										if mediaAndData[0] != "" {
+											mediaType = mediaAndData[0]
+										}
+										data = mediaAndData[1]
+									}
+								}
+								contentPart := `{"type":"document","source":{"type":"base64","media_type":"","data":""}}`
+								contentPart, _ = sjson.Set(contentPart, "source.media_type", mediaType)
+								contentPart, _ = sjson.Set(contentPart, "source.data", data)
+								partsJSON = append(partsJSON, contentPart)
+								if role == "" {
+									role = "user"
+								}
+								hasFile = true
+							}
 						}
 						return true
 					})
@@ -228,7 +253,7 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToClaude(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte
 				if len(partsJSON) > 0 {
 					msg := `{"role":"","content":[]}`
 					msg, _ = sjson.Set(msg, "role", role)
-					if len(partsJSON) == 1 && !hasImage {
+					if len(partsJSON) == 1 && !hasImage && !hasFile {
 						// Preserve legacy behavior for single text content
 						msg, _ = sjson.Delete(msg, "content")
 						textPart := gjson.Parse(partsJSON[0])

internal/translator/codex/claude/codex_claude_response.go

@@ -22,8 +22,9 @@ var (
 
 // ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams holds parameters for response conversion.
 type ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams struct {
-	HasToolCall bool
-	BlockIndex  int
+	HasToolCall              bool
+	BlockIndex               int
+	HasReceivedArgumentsDelta bool
 }
 
 // ConvertCodexResponseToClaude performs sophisticated streaming response format conversion.
@@ -137,6 +138,7 @@ func ConvertCodexResponseToClaude(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRa
 		itemType := itemResult.Get("type").String()
 		if itemType == "function_call" {
 			(*param).(*ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams).HasToolCall = true
+			(*param).(*ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams).HasReceivedArgumentsDelta = false
 			template = `{"type":"content_block_start","index":0,"content_block":{"type":"tool_use","id":"","name":"","input":{}}}`
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams).BlockIndex)
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "content_block.id", itemResult.Get("call_id").String())
@@ -171,12 +173,29 @@ func ConvertCodexResponseToClaude(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRa
 			output += fmt.Sprintf("data: %s\n\n", template)
 		}
 	} else if typeStr == "response.function_call_arguments.delta" {
+		(*param).(*ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams).HasReceivedArgumentsDelta = true
 		template = `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"input_json_delta","partial_json":""}}`
 		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams).BlockIndex)
 		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "delta.partial_json", rootResult.Get("delta").String())
 
 		output += "event: content_block_delta\n"
 		output += fmt.Sprintf("data: %s\n\n", template)
+	} else if typeStr == "response.function_call_arguments.done" {
+		// Some models (e.g. gpt-5.3-codex-spark) send function call arguments
+		// in a single "done" event without preceding "delta" events.
+		// Emit the full arguments as a single input_json_delta so the
+		// downstream Claude client receives the complete tool input.
+		// When delta events were already received, skip to avoid duplicating arguments.
+		if !(*param).(*ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams).HasReceivedArgumentsDelta {
+			if args := rootResult.Get("arguments").String(); args != "" {
+				template = `{"type":"content_block_delta","index":0,"delta":{"type":"input_json_delta","partial_json":""}}`
+				template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCodexResponseToClaudeParams).BlockIndex)
+				template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "delta.partial_json", args)
+
+				output += "event: content_block_delta\n"
+				output += fmt.Sprintf("data: %s\n\n", template)
+			}
+		}
 	}
 
 	return []string{output}

internal/translator/codex/openai/chat-completions/codex_openai_request.go

@@ -180,7 +180,19 @@ func ConvertOpenAIRequestToCodex(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte, stream b
 								msg, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msg, "content.-1", part)
 							}
 						case "file":
-							// Files are not specified in examples; skip for now
+							if role == "user" {
+								fileData := it.Get("file.file_data").String()
+								filename := it.Get("file.filename").String()
+								if fileData != "" {
+									part := `{}`
+									part, _ = sjson.Set(part, "type", "input_file")
+									part, _ = sjson.Set(part, "file_data", fileData)
+									if filename != "" {
+										part, _ = sjson.Set(part, "filename", filename)
+									}
+									msg, _ = sjson.SetRaw(msg, "content.-1", part)
+								}
+							}
 						}
 					}
 				}

internal/translator/codex/openai/chat-completions/codex_openai_response.go

@@ -20,10 +20,12 @@ var (
 
 // ConvertCliToOpenAIParams holds parameters for response conversion.
 type ConvertCliToOpenAIParams struct {
-	ResponseID        string
-	CreatedAt         int64
-	Model             string
-	FunctionCallIndex int
+	ResponseID                string
+	CreatedAt                 int64
+	Model                     string
+	FunctionCallIndex         int
+	HasReceivedArgumentsDelta bool
+	HasToolCallAnnounced      bool
 }
 
 // ConvertCodexResponseToOpenAI translates a single chunk of a streaming response from the
@@ -43,10 +45,12 @@ type ConvertCliToOpenAIParams struct {
 func ConvertCodexResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, modelName string, originalRequestRawJSON, requestRawJSON, rawJSON []byte, param *any) []string {
 	if *param == nil {
 		*param = &ConvertCliToOpenAIParams{
-			Model:             modelName,
-			CreatedAt:         0,
-			ResponseID:        "",
-			FunctionCallIndex: -1,
+			Model:                     modelName,
+			CreatedAt:                 0,
+			ResponseID:                "",
+			FunctionCallIndex:         -1,
+			HasReceivedArgumentsDelta: false,
+			HasToolCallAnnounced:      false,
 		}
 	}
 
@@ -90,6 +94,9 @@ func ConvertCodexResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, modelName string, originalR
 		if inputTokensResult := usageResult.Get("input_tokens"); inputTokensResult.Exists() {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", inputTokensResult.Int())
 		}
+		if cachedTokensResult := usageResult.Get("input_tokens_details.cached_tokens"); cachedTokensResult.Exists() {
+			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens", cachedTokensResult.Int())
+		}
 		if reasoningTokensResult := usageResult.Get("output_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens"); reasoningTokensResult.Exists() {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens", reasoningTokensResult.Int())
 		}
@@ -115,35 +122,93 @@ func ConvertCodexResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, modelName string, originalR
 		}
 		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.finish_reason", finishReason)
 		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.native_finish_reason", finishReason)
-	} else if dataType == "response.output_item.done" {
-		functionCallItemTemplate := `{"index":0,"id":"","type":"function","function":{"name":"","arguments":""}}`
+	} else if dataType == "response.output_item.added" {
 		itemResult := rootResult.Get("item")
-		if itemResult.Exists() {
-			if itemResult.Get("type").String() != "function_call" {
-				return []string{}
-			}
-
-			// set the index
-			(*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex++
-			functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex)
-
-			template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls", `[]`)
-			functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "id", itemResult.Get("call_id").String())
-
-			// Restore original tool name if it was shortened
-			name := itemResult.Get("name").String()
-			// Build reverse map on demand from original request tools
-			rev := buildReverseMapFromOriginalOpenAI(originalRequestRawJSON)
-			if orig, ok := rev[name]; ok {
-				name = orig
-			}
-			functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.name", name)
-
-			functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.arguments", itemResult.Get("arguments").String())
-			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.role", "assistant")
-			template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls.-1", functionCallItemTemplate)
+		if !itemResult.Exists() || itemResult.Get("type").String() != "function_call" {
+			return []string{}
 		}
 
+		// Increment index for this new function call item.
+		(*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex++
+		(*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).HasReceivedArgumentsDelta = false
+		(*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).HasToolCallAnnounced = true
+
+		functionCallItemTemplate := `{"index":0,"id":"","type":"function","function":{"name":"","arguments":""}}`
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex)
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "id", itemResult.Get("call_id").String())
+
+		// Restore original tool name if it was shortened.
+		name := itemResult.Get("name").String()
+		rev := buildReverseMapFromOriginalOpenAI(originalRequestRawJSON)
+		if orig, ok := rev[name]; ok {
+			name = orig
+		}
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.name", name)
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.arguments", "")
+
+		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.role", "assistant")
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls", `[]`)
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls.-1", functionCallItemTemplate)
+
+	} else if dataType == "response.function_call_arguments.delta" {
+		(*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).HasReceivedArgumentsDelta = true
+
+		deltaValue := rootResult.Get("delta").String()
+		functionCallItemTemplate := `{"index":0,"function":{"arguments":""}}`
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex)
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.arguments", deltaValue)
+
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls", `[]`)
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls.-1", functionCallItemTemplate)
+
+	} else if dataType == "response.function_call_arguments.done" {
+		if (*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).HasReceivedArgumentsDelta {
+			// Arguments were already streamed via delta events; nothing to emit.
+			return []string{}
+		}
+
+		// Fallback: no delta events were received, emit the full arguments as a single chunk.
+		fullArgs := rootResult.Get("arguments").String()
+		functionCallItemTemplate := `{"index":0,"function":{"arguments":""}}`
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex)
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.arguments", fullArgs)
+
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls", `[]`)
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls.-1", functionCallItemTemplate)
+
+	} else if dataType == "response.output_item.done" {
+		itemResult := rootResult.Get("item")
+		if !itemResult.Exists() || itemResult.Get("type").String() != "function_call" {
+			return []string{}
+		}
+
+		if (*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).HasToolCallAnnounced {
+			// Tool call was already announced via output_item.added; skip emission.
+			(*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).HasToolCallAnnounced = false
+			return []string{}
+		}
+
+		// Fallback path: model skipped output_item.added, so emit complete tool call now.
+		(*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex++
+
+		functionCallItemTemplate := `{"index":0,"id":"","type":"function","function":{"name":"","arguments":""}}`
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "index", (*param).(*ConvertCliToOpenAIParams).FunctionCallIndex)
+
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls", `[]`)
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "id", itemResult.Get("call_id").String())
+
+		// Restore original tool name if it was shortened.
+		name := itemResult.Get("name").String()
+		rev := buildReverseMapFromOriginalOpenAI(originalRequestRawJSON)
+		if orig, ok := rev[name]; ok {
+			name = orig
+		}
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.name", name)
+
+		functionCallItemTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(functionCallItemTemplate, "function.arguments", itemResult.Get("arguments").String())
+		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "choices.0.delta.role", "assistant")
+		template, _ = sjson.SetRaw(template, "choices.0.delta.tool_calls.-1", functionCallItemTemplate)
+
 	} else {
 		return []string{}
 	}
@@ -205,6 +270,9 @@ func ConvertCodexResponseToOpenAINonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, original
 		if inputTokensResult := usageResult.Get("input_tokens"); inputTokensResult.Exists() {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", inputTokensResult.Int())
 		}
+		if cachedTokensResult := usageResult.Get("input_tokens_details.cached_tokens"); cachedTokensResult.Exists() {
+			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens_details.cached_tokens", cachedTokensResult.Int())
+		}
 		if reasoningTokensResult := usageResult.Get("output_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens"); reasoningTokensResult.Exists() {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens", reasoningTokensResult.Int())
 		}

internal/translator/codex/openai/responses/codex_openai-responses_request.go

@@ -26,6 +26,8 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToCodex(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte,
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "temperature")
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "top_p")
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "service_tier")
+	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "truncation")
+	rawJSON = applyResponsesCompactionCompatibility(rawJSON)
 
 	// Delete the user field as it is not supported by the Codex upstream.
 	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "user")
@@ -36,6 +38,23 @@ func ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToCodex(modelName string, inputRawJSON []byte,
 	return rawJSON
 }
 
+// applyResponsesCompactionCompatibility handles OpenAI Responses context_management.compaction
+// for Codex upstream compatibility.
+//
+// Codex /responses currently rejects context_management with:
+// {"detail":"Unsupported parameter: context_management"}.
+//
+// Compatibility strategy:
+// 1) Remove context_management before forwarding to Codex upstream.
+func applyResponsesCompactionCompatibility(rawJSON []byte) []byte {
+	if !gjson.GetBytes(rawJSON, "context_management").Exists() {
+		return rawJSON
+	}
+
+	rawJSON, _ = sjson.DeleteBytes(rawJSON, "context_management")
+	return rawJSON
+}
+
 // convertSystemRoleToDeveloper traverses the input array and converts any message items
 // with role "system" to role "developer". This is necessary because Codex API does not
 // accept "system" role in the input array.

internal/translator/codex/openai/responses/codex_openai-responses_request_test.go

@@ -280,3 +280,41 @@ func TestUserFieldDeletion(t *testing.T) {
 		t.Errorf("user field should be deleted, but it was found with value: %s", userField.Raw)
 	}
 }
+
+func TestContextManagementCompactionCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "gpt-5.2",
+		"context_management": [
+			{
+				"type": "compaction",
+				"compact_threshold": 12000
+			}
+		],
+		"input": [{"role":"user","content":"hello"}]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToCodex("gpt-5.2", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if gjson.Get(outputStr, "context_management").Exists() {
+		t.Fatalf("context_management should be removed for Codex compatibility")
+	}
+	if gjson.Get(outputStr, "truncation").Exists() {
+		t.Fatalf("truncation should be removed for Codex compatibility")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTruncationRemovedForCodexCompatibility(t *testing.T) {
+	inputJSON := []byte(`{
+		"model": "gpt-5.2",
+		"truncation": "disabled",
+		"input": [{"role":"user","content":"hello"}]
+	}`)
+
+	output := ConvertOpenAIResponsesRequestToCodex("gpt-5.2", inputJSON, false)
+	outputStr := string(output)
+
+	if gjson.Get(outputStr, "truncation").Exists() {
+		t.Fatalf("truncation should be removed for Codex compatibility")
+	}
+}

internal/translator/gemini-cli/openai/chat-completions/gemini-cli_openai_response.go

@@ -100,7 +100,7 @@ func ConvertCliResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestRawJ
 		}
 		promptTokenCount := usageResult.Get("promptTokenCount").Int()
 		thoughtsTokenCount := usageResult.Get("thoughtsTokenCount").Int()
-		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount+thoughtsTokenCount)
+		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount)
 		if thoughtsTokenCount > 0 {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens", thoughtsTokenCount)
 		}

internal/translator/gemini/openai/chat-completions/gemini_openai_response.go

@@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ func ConvertGeminiResponseToOpenAI(_ context.Context, _ string, originalRequestR
 		if totalTokenCountResult := usageResult.Get("totalTokenCount"); totalTokenCountResult.Exists() {
 			baseTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(baseTemplate, "usage.total_tokens", totalTokenCountResult.Int())
 		}
-		promptTokenCount := usageResult.Get("promptTokenCount").Int() - cachedTokenCount
+		promptTokenCount := usageResult.Get("promptTokenCount").Int()
 		thoughtsTokenCount := usageResult.Get("thoughtsTokenCount").Int()
-		baseTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(baseTemplate, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount+thoughtsTokenCount)
+		baseTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(baseTemplate, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount)
 		if thoughtsTokenCount > 0 {
 			baseTemplate, _ = sjson.Set(baseTemplate, "usage.completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens", thoughtsTokenCount)
 		}
@@ -297,7 +297,7 @@ func ConvertGeminiResponseToOpenAINonStream(_ context.Context, _ string, origina
 		promptTokenCount := usageResult.Get("promptTokenCount").Int()
 		thoughtsTokenCount := usageResult.Get("thoughtsTokenCount").Int()
 		cachedTokenCount := usageResult.Get("cachedContentTokenCount").Int()
-		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount+thoughtsTokenCount)
+		template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.prompt_tokens", promptTokenCount)
 		if thoughtsTokenCount > 0 {
 			template, _ = sjson.Set(template, "usage.completion_tokens_details.reasoning_tokens", thoughtsTokenCount)
 		}

internal/translator/gemini/openai/responses/gemini_openai-responses_response.go

@@ -531,8 +531,8 @@ func ConvertGeminiResponseToOpenAIResponses(_ context.Context, modelName string,
 
 		// usage mapping
 		if um := root.Get("usageMetadata"); um.Exists() {
-			// input tokens = prompt + thoughts
-			input := um.Get("promptTokenCount").Int() + um.Get("thoughtsTokenCount").Int()
+			// input tokens = prompt only (thoughts go to output)
+			input := um.Get("promptTokenCount").Int()
 			completed, _ = sjson.Set(completed, "response.usage.input_tokens", input)
 			// cached token details: align with OpenAI "cached_tokens" semantics.
 			completed, _ = sjson.Set(completed, "response.usage.input_tokens_details.cached_tokens", um.Get("cachedContentTokenCount").Int())
@@ -737,8 +737,8 @@ func ConvertGeminiResponseToOpenAIResponsesNonStream(_ context.Context, _ string
 
 	// usage mapping
 	if um := root.Get("usageMetadata"); um.Exists() {
-		// input tokens = prompt + thoughts
-		input := um.Get("promptTokenCount").Int() + um.Get("thoughtsTokenCount").Int()
+		// input tokens = prompt only (thoughts go to output)
+		input := um.Get("promptTokenCount").Int()
 		resp, _ = sjson.Set(resp, "usage.input_tokens", input)
 		// cached token details: align with OpenAI "cached_tokens" semantics.
 		resp, _ = sjson.Set(resp, "usage.input_tokens_details.cached_tokens", um.Get("cachedContentTokenCount").Int())

internal/translator/kiro/claude/kiro_claude_request.go

@@ -243,13 +243,11 @@ func BuildKiroPayload(claudeBody []byte, modelID, profileArn, origin string, isA
 	// Process messages and build history
 	history, currentUserMsg, currentToolResults := processMessages(messages, modelID, origin)
 
-	// Build content with system prompt (only on first turn to avoid re-injection)
+	// Build content with system prompt.
+	// Keep thinking tags on subsequent turns so multi-turn Claude sessions
+	// continue to emit reasoning events.
 	if currentUserMsg != nil {
-		effectiveSystemPrompt := systemPrompt
-		if len(history) > 0 {
-			effectiveSystemPrompt = "" // Don't re-inject on subsequent turns
-		}
-		currentUserMsg.Content = buildFinalContent(currentUserMsg.Content, effectiveSystemPrompt, currentToolResults)
+		currentUserMsg.Content = buildFinalContent(currentUserMsg.Content, systemPrompt, currentToolResults)
 
 		// Deduplicate currentToolResults
 		currentToolResults = deduplicateToolResults(currentToolResults)
@@ -475,6 +473,15 @@ func IsThinkingEnabledWithHeaders(body []byte, headers http.Header) bool {
 		}
 	}
 
+	// Check model name directly for thinking hints.
+	// This enables thinking variants even when clients don't send explicit thinking fields.
+	model := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(body, "model").String())
+	modelLower := strings.ToLower(model)
+	if strings.Contains(modelLower, "thinking") || strings.Contains(modelLower, "-reason") {
+		log.Debugf("kiro: thinking mode enabled via model name hint: %s", model)
+		return true
+	}
+
 	log.Debugf("kiro: IsThinkingEnabled returning false (no thinking mode detected)")
 	return false
 }
@@ -586,6 +593,17 @@ func processMessages(messages gjson.Result, modelID, origin string) ([]KiroHisto
 
 	// Merge adjacent messages with the same role
 	messagesArray := kirocommon.MergeAdjacentMessages(messages.Array())
+
+	// FIX: Kiro API requires history to start with a user message.
+	// Some clients (e.g., OpenClaw) send conversations starting with an assistant message,
+	// which is valid for the Claude API but causes "Improperly formed request" on Kiro.
+	// Prepend a placeholder user message so the history alternation is correct.
+	if len(messagesArray) > 0 && messagesArray[0].Get("role").String() == "assistant" {
+		placeholder := `{"role":"user","content":"."}`
+		messagesArray = append([]gjson.Result{gjson.Parse(placeholder)}, messagesArray...)
+		log.Infof("kiro: messages started with assistant role, prepended placeholder user message for Kiro API compatibility")
+	}
+
 	for i, msg := range messagesArray {
 		role := msg.Get("role").String()
 		isLastMessage := i == len(messagesArray)-1

internal/translator/kiro/claude/kiro_claude_stream.go

@@ -183,4 +183,124 @@ func PendingTagSuffix(buffer, tag string) int {
 		}
 	}
 	return 0
-}
+}
+
+// GenerateSearchIndicatorEvents generates ONLY the search indicator SSE events
+// (server_tool_use + web_search_tool_result) without text summary or message termination.
+// These events trigger Claude Code's search indicator UI.
+// The caller is responsible for sending message_start before and message_delta/stop after.
+func GenerateSearchIndicatorEvents(
+	query string,
+	toolUseID string,
+	searchResults *WebSearchResults,
+	startIndex int,
+) [][]byte {
+	events := make([][]byte, 0, 5)
+
+	// 1. content_block_start (server_tool_use)
+	event1 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  "content_block_start",
+		"index": startIndex,
+		"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
+			"id":    toolUseID,
+			"type":  "server_tool_use",
+			"name":  "web_search",
+			"input": map[string]interface{}{},
+		},
+	}
+	data1, _ := json.Marshal(event1)
+	events = append(events, []byte("event: content_block_start\ndata: "+string(data1)+"\n\n"))
+
+	// 2. content_block_delta (input_json_delta)
+	inputJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"query": query})
+	event2 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  "content_block_delta",
+		"index": startIndex,
+		"delta": map[string]interface{}{
+			"type":         "input_json_delta",
+			"partial_json": string(inputJSON),
+		},
+	}
+	data2, _ := json.Marshal(event2)
+	events = append(events, []byte("event: content_block_delta\ndata: "+string(data2)+"\n\n"))
+
+	// 3. content_block_stop (server_tool_use)
+	event3 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  "content_block_stop",
+		"index": startIndex,
+	}
+	data3, _ := json.Marshal(event3)
+	events = append(events, []byte("event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(data3)+"\n\n"))
+
+	// 4. content_block_start (web_search_tool_result)
+	searchContent := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
+	if searchResults != nil {
+		for _, r := range searchResults.Results {
+			snippet := ""
+			if r.Snippet != nil {
+				snippet = *r.Snippet
+			}
+			searchContent = append(searchContent, map[string]interface{}{
+				"type":              "web_search_result",
+				"title":             r.Title,
+				"url":               r.URL,
+				"encrypted_content": snippet,
+				"page_age":          nil,
+			})
+		}
+	}
+	event4 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  "content_block_start",
+		"index": startIndex + 1,
+		"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
+			"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
+			"tool_use_id": toolUseID,
+			"content":     searchContent,
+		},
+	}
+	data4, _ := json.Marshal(event4)
+	events = append(events, []byte("event: content_block_start\ndata: "+string(data4)+"\n\n"))
+
+	// 5. content_block_stop (web_search_tool_result)
+	event5 := map[string]interface{}{
+		"type":  "content_block_stop",
+		"index": startIndex + 1,
+	}
+	data5, _ := json.Marshal(event5)
+	events = append(events, []byte("event: content_block_stop\ndata: "+string(data5)+"\n\n"))
+
+	return events
+}
+
+// BuildFallbackTextEvents generates SSE events for a fallback text response
+// when the Kiro API fails during the search loop. Uses BuildClaude*Event()
+// functions to align with streamToChannel patterns.
+// Returns raw SSE byte slices ready to be sent to the client channel.
+func BuildFallbackTextEvents(contentBlockIndex int, query string, results *WebSearchResults) [][]byte {
+	summary := FormatSearchContextPrompt(query, results)
+	outputTokens := len(summary) / 4
+	if len(summary) > 0 && outputTokens == 0 {
+		outputTokens = 1
+	}
+
+	var events [][]byte
+
+	// content_block_start (text)
+	events = append(events, BuildClaudeContentBlockStartEvent(contentBlockIndex, "text", "", ""))
+
+	// content_block_delta (text_delta)
+	events = append(events, BuildClaudeStreamEvent(summary, contentBlockIndex))
+
+	// content_block_stop
+	events = append(events, BuildClaudeContentBlockStopEvent(contentBlockIndex))
+
+	// message_delta with end_turn
+	events = append(events, BuildClaudeMessageDeltaEvent("end_turn", usage.Detail{
+		OutputTokens: int64(outputTokens),
+	}))
+
+	// message_stop
+	events = append(events, BuildClaudeMessageStopOnlyEvent())
+
+	return events
+}

internal/translator/kiro/claude/kiro_claude_stream_parser.go

@@ -0,0 +1,350 @@
+package claude
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// sseEvent represents a Server-Sent Event
+type sseEvent struct {
+	Event string
+	Data  interface{}
+}
+
+// ToSSEString converts the event to SSE wire format
+func (e *sseEvent) ToSSEString() string {
+	dataBytes, _ := json.Marshal(e.Data)
+	return "event: " + e.Event + "\ndata: " + string(dataBytes) + "\n\n"
+}
+
+// AdjustStreamIndices adjusts content block indices in SSE event data by adding an offset.
+// It also suppresses duplicate message_start events (returns shouldForward=false).
+// This is used to combine search indicator events (indices 0,1) with Kiro model response events.
+//
+// The data parameter is a single SSE "data:" line payload (JSON).
+// Returns: adjusted data, shouldForward (false = skip this event).
+func AdjustStreamIndices(data []byte, offset int) ([]byte, bool) {
+	if len(data) == 0 {
+		return data, true
+	}
+
+	// Quick check: parse the JSON
+	var event map[string]interface{}
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &event); err != nil {
+		// Not valid JSON, pass through
+		return data, true
+	}
+
+	eventType, _ := event["type"].(string)
+
+	// Suppress duplicate message_start events
+	if eventType == "message_start" {
+		return data, false
+	}
+
+	// Adjust index for content_block events
+	switch eventType {
+	case "content_block_start", "content_block_delta", "content_block_stop":
+		if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok {
+			event["index"] = int(idx) + offset
+			adjusted, err := json.Marshal(event)
+			if err != nil {
+				return data, true
+			}
+			return adjusted, true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Pass through all other events unchanged (message_delta, message_stop, ping, etc.)
+	return data, true
+}
+
+// AdjustSSEChunk processes a raw SSE chunk (potentially containing multiple "event:/data:" pairs)
+// and adjusts content block indices. Suppresses duplicate message_start events.
+// Returns the adjusted chunk and whether it should be forwarded.
+func AdjustSSEChunk(chunk []byte, offset int) ([]byte, bool) {
+	chunkStr := string(chunk)
+
+	// Fast path: if no "data:" prefix, pass through
+	if !strings.Contains(chunkStr, "data: ") {
+		return chunk, true
+	}
+
+	var result strings.Builder
+	hasContent := false
+
+	lines := strings.Split(chunkStr, "\n")
+	for i := 0; i < len(lines); i++ {
+		line := lines[i]
+
+		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
+			dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
+			dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
+
+			if dataPayload == "[DONE]" {
+				result.WriteString(line + "\n")
+				hasContent = true
+				continue
+			}
+
+			adjusted, shouldForward := AdjustStreamIndices([]byte(dataPayload), offset)
+			if !shouldForward {
+				// Skip this event and its preceding "event:" line
+				// Also skip the trailing empty line
+				continue
+			}
+
+			result.WriteString("data: " + string(adjusted) + "\n")
+			hasContent = true
+		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: ") {
+			// Check if the next data line will be suppressed
+			if i+1 < len(lines) && strings.HasPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ") {
+				dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ")
+				dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
+
+				var event map[string]interface{}
+				if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(dataPayload), &event); err == nil {
+					if eventType, ok := event["type"].(string); ok && eventType == "message_start" {
+						// Skip both the event: and data: lines
+						i++ // skip the data: line too
+						continue
+					}
+				}
+			}
+			result.WriteString(line + "\n")
+			hasContent = true
+		} else {
+			result.WriteString(line + "\n")
+			if strings.TrimSpace(line) != "" {
+				hasContent = true
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if !hasContent {
+		return nil, false
+	}
+
+	return []byte(result.String()), true
+}
+
+// BufferedStreamResult contains the analysis of buffered SSE chunks from a Kiro API response.
+type BufferedStreamResult struct {
+	// StopReason is the detected stop_reason from the stream (e.g., "end_turn", "tool_use")
+	StopReason string
+	// WebSearchQuery is the extracted query if the model requested another web_search
+	WebSearchQuery string
+	// WebSearchToolUseId is the tool_use ID from the model's response (needed for toolResults)
+	WebSearchToolUseId string
+	// HasWebSearchToolUse indicates whether the model requested web_search
+	HasWebSearchToolUse bool
+	// WebSearchToolUseIndex is the content_block index of the web_search tool_use
+	WebSearchToolUseIndex int
+}
+
+// AnalyzeBufferedStream scans buffered SSE chunks to detect stop_reason and web_search tool_use.
+// This is used in the search loop to determine if the model wants another search round.
+func AnalyzeBufferedStream(chunks [][]byte) BufferedStreamResult {
+	result := BufferedStreamResult{WebSearchToolUseIndex: -1}
+
+	// Track tool use state across chunks
+	var currentToolName string
+	var currentToolIndex int = -1
+	var toolInputBuilder strings.Builder
+
+	for _, chunk := range chunks {
+		chunkStr := string(chunk)
+		lines := strings.Split(chunkStr, "\n")
+		for _, line := range lines {
+			if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
+				continue
+			}
+			dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
+			dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
+			if dataPayload == "[DONE]" || dataPayload == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			var event map[string]interface{}
+			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(dataPayload), &event); err != nil {
+				continue
+			}
+
+			eventType, _ := event["type"].(string)
+
+			switch eventType {
+			case "message_delta":
+				// Extract stop_reason from message_delta
+				if delta, ok := event["delta"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+					if sr, ok := delta["stop_reason"].(string); ok && sr != "" {
+						result.StopReason = sr
+					}
+				}
+
+			case "content_block_start":
+				// Detect tool_use content blocks
+				if cb, ok := event["content_block"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+					if cbType, ok := cb["type"].(string); ok && cbType == "tool_use" {
+						if name, ok := cb["name"].(string); ok {
+							currentToolName = strings.ToLower(name)
+							if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok {
+								currentToolIndex = int(idx)
+							}
+							// Capture tool use ID for toolResults handshake
+							if id, ok := cb["id"].(string); ok {
+								result.WebSearchToolUseId = id
+							}
+							toolInputBuilder.Reset()
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+			case "content_block_delta":
+				// Accumulate tool input JSON
+				if currentToolName != "" {
+					if delta, ok := event["delta"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
+						if deltaType, ok := delta["type"].(string); ok && deltaType == "input_json_delta" {
+							if partial, ok := delta["partial_json"].(string); ok {
+								toolInputBuilder.WriteString(partial)
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+			case "content_block_stop":
+				// Finalize tool use detection
+				if currentToolName == "web_search" || currentToolName == "websearch" || currentToolName == "remote_web_search" {
+					result.HasWebSearchToolUse = true
+					result.WebSearchToolUseIndex = currentToolIndex
+					// Extract query from accumulated input JSON
+					inputJSON := toolInputBuilder.String()
+					var input map[string]string
+					if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inputJSON), &input); err == nil {
+						if q, ok := input["query"]; ok {
+							result.WebSearchQuery = q
+						}
+					}
+					log.Debugf("kiro/websearch: detected web_search tool_use")
+				}
+				currentToolName = ""
+				currentToolIndex = -1
+				toolInputBuilder.Reset()
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// FilterChunksForClient processes buffered SSE chunks and removes web_search tool_use
+// content blocks. This prevents the client from seeing "Tool use" prompts for web_search
+// when the proxy is handling the search loop internally.
+// Also suppresses message_start and message_delta/message_stop events since those
+// are managed by the outer handleWebSearchStream.
+func FilterChunksForClient(chunks [][]byte, wsToolIndex int, indexOffset int) [][]byte {
+	var filtered [][]byte
+
+	for _, chunk := range chunks {
+		chunkStr := string(chunk)
+		lines := strings.Split(chunkStr, "\n")
+
+		var resultBuilder strings.Builder
+		hasContent := false
+
+		for i := 0; i < len(lines); i++ {
+			line := lines[i]
+
+			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
+				dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
+				dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
+
+				if dataPayload == "[DONE]" {
+					// Skip [DONE] — the outer loop manages stream termination
+					continue
+				}
+
+				var event map[string]interface{}
+				if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(dataPayload), &event); err != nil {
+					resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
+					hasContent = true
+					continue
+				}
+
+				eventType, _ := event["type"].(string)
+
+				// Skip message_start (outer loop sends its own)
+				if eventType == "message_start" {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// Skip message_delta and message_stop (outer loop manages these)
+				if eventType == "message_delta" || eventType == "message_stop" {
+					continue
+				}
+
+				// Check if this event belongs to the web_search tool_use block
+				if wsToolIndex >= 0 {
+					if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok && int(idx) == wsToolIndex {
+						// Skip events for the web_search tool_use block
+						continue
+					}
+				}
+
+				// Apply index offset for remaining events
+				if indexOffset > 0 {
+					switch eventType {
+					case "content_block_start", "content_block_delta", "content_block_stop":
+						if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok {
+							event["index"] = int(idx) + indexOffset
+							adjusted, err := json.Marshal(event)
+							if err == nil {
+								resultBuilder.WriteString("data: " + string(adjusted) + "\n")
+								hasContent = true
+								continue
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+
+				resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
+				hasContent = true
+			} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: ") {
+				// Check if the next data line will be suppressed
+				if i+1 < len(lines) && strings.HasPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ") {
+					nextData := strings.TrimPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ")
+					nextData = strings.TrimSpace(nextData)
+
+					var nextEvent map[string]interface{}
+					if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(nextData), &nextEvent); err == nil {
+						nextType, _ := nextEvent["type"].(string)
+						if nextType == "message_start" || nextType == "message_delta" || nextType == "message_stop" {
+							i++ // skip the data line
+							continue
+						}
+						if wsToolIndex >= 0 {
+							if idx, ok := nextEvent["index"].(float64); ok && int(idx) == wsToolIndex {
+								i++ // skip the data line
+								continue
+							}
+						}
+					}
+				}
+				resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
+				hasContent = true
+			} else {
+				resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
+				if strings.TrimSpace(line) != "" {
+					hasContent = true
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		if hasContent {
+			filtered = append(filtered, []byte(resultBuilder.String()))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return filtered
+}

internal/translator/kiro/claude/kiro_websearch.go

@@ -1,11 +1,14 @@
 // Package claude provides web search functionality for Kiro translator.
-// This file implements detection and MCP request/response types for web search.
+// This file implements detection, MCP request/response types, and pure data
+// transformation utilities for web search. SSE event generation, stream analysis,
+// and HTTP I/O logic reside in the executor package (kiro_executor.go).
 package claude
 
 import (
 	"encoding/json"
 	"fmt"
 	"strings"
+	"sync/atomic"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/google/uuid"
@@ -14,6 +17,26 @@ import (
 	"github.com/tidwall/sjson"
 )
 
+// cachedToolDescription stores the dynamically-fetched web_search tool description.
+// Written by the executor via SetWebSearchDescription, read by the translator
+// when building the remote_web_search tool for Kiro API requests.
+var cachedToolDescription atomic.Value // stores string
+
+// GetWebSearchDescription returns the cached web_search tool description,
+// or empty string if not yet fetched. Lock-free via atomic.Value.
+func GetWebSearchDescription() string {
+	if v := cachedToolDescription.Load(); v != nil {
+		return v.(string)
+	}
+	return ""
+}
+
+// SetWebSearchDescription stores the dynamically-fetched web_search tool description.
+// Called by the executor after fetching from MCP tools/list.
+func SetWebSearchDescription(desc string) {
+	cachedToolDescription.Store(desc)
+}
+
 // McpRequest represents a JSON-RPC 2.0 request to Kiro MCP API
 type McpRequest struct {
 	ID      string    `json:"id"`
@@ -191,36 +214,11 @@ func CreateMcpRequest(query string) (string, *McpRequest) {
 	return toolUseID, request
 }
 
-// GenerateMessageID generates a Claude-style message ID
-func GenerateMessageID() string {
-	return "msg_" + strings.ReplaceAll(uuid.New().String(), "-", "")[:24]
-}
-
 // GenerateToolUseID generates a Kiro-style tool use ID (base62-like UUID)
 func GenerateToolUseID() string {
 	return strings.ReplaceAll(uuid.New().String(), "-", "")[:22]
 }
 
-// ContainsWebSearchTool checks if the request contains a web_search tool (among any tools).
-// Unlike HasWebSearchTool, this detects web_search even in mixed-tool arrays.
-func ContainsWebSearchTool(body []byte) bool {
-	tools := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tools")
-	if !tools.IsArray() {
-		return false
-	}
-
-	for _, tool := range tools.Array() {
-		name := strings.ToLower(tool.Get("name").String())
-		toolType := strings.ToLower(tool.Get("type").String())
-
-		if isWebSearchTool(name, toolType) {
-			return true
-		}
-	}
-
-	return false
-}
-
 // ReplaceWebSearchToolDescription replaces the web_search tool description with
 // a minimal version that allows re-search without the restrictive "do not search
 // non-coding topics" instruction from the original Kiro tools/list response.
@@ -275,48 +273,6 @@ func ReplaceWebSearchToolDescription(body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
 	return result, nil
 }
 
-// StripWebSearchTool removes web_search tool entries from the request's tools array.
-// If the tools array becomes empty after removal, it is removed entirely.
-func StripWebSearchTool(body []byte) ([]byte, error) {
-	tools := gjson.GetBytes(body, "tools")
-	if !tools.IsArray() {
-		return body, nil
-	}
-
-	var filtered []json.RawMessage
-	for _, tool := range tools.Array() {
-		name := strings.ToLower(tool.Get("name").String())
-		toolType := strings.ToLower(tool.Get("type").String())
-
-		if !isWebSearchTool(name, toolType) {
-			filtered = append(filtered, json.RawMessage(tool.Raw))
-		}
-	}
-
-	var result []byte
-	var err error
-
-	if len(filtered) == 0 {
-		// Remove tools array entirely
-		result, err = sjson.DeleteBytes(body, "tools")
-		if err != nil {
-			return body, fmt.Errorf("failed to delete tools: %w", err)
-		}
-	} else {
-		// Replace with filtered array
-		filteredJSON, marshalErr := json.Marshal(filtered)
-		if marshalErr != nil {
-			return body, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal filtered tools: %w", marshalErr)
-		}
-		result, err = sjson.SetRawBytes(body, "tools", filteredJSON)
-		if err != nil {
-			return body, fmt.Errorf("failed to set filtered tools: %w", err)
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result, nil
-}
-
 // FormatSearchContextPrompt formats search results as a structured text block
 // for injection into the system prompt.
 func FormatSearchContextPrompt(query string, results *WebSearchResults) string {
@@ -365,7 +321,7 @@ func FormatToolResultText(results *WebSearchResults) string {
 //
 // This produces the exact same GAR request format as the Kiro IDE (HAR captures).
 // IMPORTANT: The web_search tool must remain in the "tools" array for this to work.
-// Use ReplaceWebSearchToolDescription (not StripWebSearchTool) to keep the tool available.
+// Use ReplaceWebSearchToolDescription to keep the tool available with a minimal description.
 func InjectToolResultsClaude(claudePayload []byte, toolUseId, query string, results *WebSearchResults) ([]byte, error) {
 	var payload map[string]interface{}
 	if err := json.Unmarshal(claudePayload, &payload); err != nil {
@@ -432,8 +388,8 @@ Do NOT apologize for bad results without first attempting a re-search.
 		return claudePayload, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal updated payload: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	log.Infof("kiro/websearch: injected tool_use+tool_result (toolUseId=%s, query=%s, messages=%d)",
-		toolUseId, query, len(messages))
+	log.Infof("kiro/websearch: injected tool_use+tool_result (toolUseId=%s, messages=%d)",
+		toolUseId, len(messages))
 
 	return result, nil
 }
@@ -512,658 +468,28 @@ type SearchIndicator struct {
 	Results   *WebSearchResults
 }
 
-// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// SSE Event Generation
-// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-// SseEvent represents a Server-Sent Event
-type SseEvent struct {
-	Event string
-	Data  interface{}
+// BuildMcpEndpoint constructs the MCP endpoint URL for the given AWS region.
+// Centralizes the URL pattern used by both handleWebSearch and handleWebSearchStream.
+func BuildMcpEndpoint(region string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("https://q.%s.amazonaws.com/mcp", region)
 }
 
-// ToSSEString converts the event to SSE wire format
-func (e *SseEvent) ToSSEString() string {
-	dataBytes, _ := json.Marshal(e.Data)
-	return fmt.Sprintf("event: %s\ndata: %s\n\n", e.Event, string(dataBytes))
-}
-
-// GenerateWebSearchEvents generates the 11-event SSE sequence for web search.
-// Events: message_start, content_block_start(server_tool_use), content_block_delta(input_json),
-// content_block_stop, content_block_start(web_search_tool_result), content_block_stop,
-// content_block_start(text), content_block_delta(text), content_block_stop, message_delta, message_stop
-func GenerateWebSearchEvents(
-	model string,
-	query string,
-	toolUseID string,
-	searchResults *WebSearchResults,
-	inputTokens int,
-) []SseEvent {
-	events := make([]SseEvent, 0, 15)
-	messageID := GenerateMessageID()
-
-	// 1. message_start
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "message_start",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type": "message_start",
-			"message": map[string]interface{}{
-				"id":            messageID,
-				"type":          "message",
-				"role":          "assistant",
-				"model":         model,
-				"content":       []interface{}{},
-				"stop_reason":   nil,
-				"stop_sequence": nil,
-				"usage": map[string]interface{}{
-					"input_tokens":                inputTokens,
-					"output_tokens":               0,
-					"cache_creation_input_tokens": 0,
-					"cache_read_input_tokens":     0,
-				},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 2. content_block_start (server_tool_use)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_start",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_start",
-			"index": 0,
-			"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
-				"id":    toolUseID,
-				"type":  "server_tool_use",
-				"name":  "web_search",
-				"input": map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 3. content_block_delta (input_json_delta)
-	inputJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"query": query})
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_delta",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_delta",
-			"index": 0,
-			"delta": map[string]interface{}{
-				"type":         "input_json_delta",
-				"partial_json": string(inputJSON),
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 4. content_block_stop (server_tool_use)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_stop",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_stop",
-			"index": 0,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 5. content_block_start (web_search_tool_result)
-	searchContent := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
-	if searchResults != nil {
-		for _, r := range searchResults.Results {
-			snippet := ""
-			if r.Snippet != nil {
-				snippet = *r.Snippet
-			}
-			searchContent = append(searchContent, map[string]interface{}{
-				"type":              "web_search_result",
-				"title":             r.Title,
-				"url":               r.URL,
-				"encrypted_content": snippet,
-				"page_age":          nil,
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_start",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_start",
-			"index": 1,
-			"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
-				"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
-				"tool_use_id": toolUseID,
-				"content":     searchContent,
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 6. content_block_stop (web_search_tool_result)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_stop",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_stop",
-			"index": 1,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 7. content_block_start (text)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_start",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_start",
-			"index": 2,
-			"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
-				"type": "text",
-				"text": "",
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 8. content_block_delta (text_delta) - generate search summary
-	summary := generateSearchSummary(query, searchResults)
-
-	// Split text into chunks for streaming effect
-	chunkSize := 100
-	runes := []rune(summary)
-	for i := 0; i < len(runes); i += chunkSize {
-		end := i + chunkSize
-		if end > len(runes) {
-			end = len(runes)
-		}
-		chunk := string(runes[i:end])
-		events = append(events, SseEvent{
-			Event: "content_block_delta",
-			Data: map[string]interface{}{
-				"type":  "content_block_delta",
-				"index": 2,
-				"delta": map[string]interface{}{
-					"type": "text_delta",
-					"text": chunk,
-				},
-			},
-		})
-	}
-
-	// 9. content_block_stop (text)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_stop",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_stop",
-			"index": 2,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 10. message_delta
-	outputTokens := (len(summary) + 3) / 4 // Simple estimation
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "message_delta",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type": "message_delta",
-			"delta": map[string]interface{}{
-				"stop_reason":   "end_turn",
-				"stop_sequence": nil,
-			},
-			"usage": map[string]interface{}{
-				"output_tokens": outputTokens,
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 11. message_stop
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "message_stop",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type": "message_stop",
-		},
-	})
-
-	return events
-}
-
-// generateSearchSummary generates a text summary of search results
-func generateSearchSummary(query string, results *WebSearchResults) string {
-	var sb strings.Builder
-	sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("Here are the search results for \"%s\":\n\n", query))
-
-	if results != nil && len(results.Results) > 0 {
-		for i, r := range results.Results {
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("%d. **%s**\n", i+1, r.Title))
-			if r.Snippet != nil {
-				snippet := *r.Snippet
-				if len(snippet) > 200 {
-					snippet = snippet[:200] + "..."
-				}
-				sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   %s\n", snippet))
-			}
-			sb.WriteString(fmt.Sprintf("   Source: %s\n\n", r.URL))
-		}
-	} else {
-		sb.WriteString("No results found.\n")
-	}
-
-	sb.WriteString("\nPlease note that these are web search results and may not be fully accurate or up-to-date.")
-
-	return sb.String()
-}
-
-// GenerateSearchIndicatorEvents generates ONLY the search indicator SSE events
-// (server_tool_use + web_search_tool_result) without text summary or message termination.
-// These events trigger Claude Code's search indicator UI.
-// The caller is responsible for sending message_start before and message_delta/stop after.
-func GenerateSearchIndicatorEvents(
-	query string,
-	toolUseID string,
-	searchResults *WebSearchResults,
-	startIndex int,
-) []SseEvent {
-	events := make([]SseEvent, 0, 4)
-
-	// 1. content_block_start (server_tool_use)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_start",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_start",
-			"index": startIndex,
-			"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
-				"id":    toolUseID,
-				"type":  "server_tool_use",
-				"name":  "web_search",
-				"input": map[string]interface{}{},
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 2. content_block_delta (input_json_delta)
-	inputJSON, _ := json.Marshal(map[string]string{"query": query})
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_delta",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_delta",
-			"index": startIndex,
-			"delta": map[string]interface{}{
-				"type":         "input_json_delta",
-				"partial_json": string(inputJSON),
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 3. content_block_stop (server_tool_use)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_stop",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_stop",
-			"index": startIndex,
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 4. content_block_start (web_search_tool_result)
-	searchContent := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
-	if searchResults != nil {
-		for _, r := range searchResults.Results {
-			snippet := ""
-			if r.Snippet != nil {
-				snippet = *r.Snippet
-			}
-			searchContent = append(searchContent, map[string]interface{}{
-				"type":              "web_search_result",
-				"title":             r.Title,
-				"url":               r.URL,
-				"encrypted_content": snippet,
-				"page_age":          nil,
-			})
-		}
-	}
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_start",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_start",
-			"index": startIndex + 1,
-			"content_block": map[string]interface{}{
-				"type":        "web_search_tool_result",
-				"tool_use_id": toolUseID,
-				"content":     searchContent,
-			},
-		},
-	})
-
-	// 5. content_block_stop (web_search_tool_result)
-	events = append(events, SseEvent{
-		Event: "content_block_stop",
-		Data: map[string]interface{}{
-			"type":  "content_block_stop",
-			"index": startIndex + 1,
-		},
-	})
-
-	return events
-}
-
-// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-// Stream Analysis & Manipulation
-// ══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
-
-// AdjustStreamIndices adjusts content block indices in SSE event data by adding an offset.
-// It also suppresses duplicate message_start events (returns shouldForward=false).
-// This is used to combine search indicator events (indices 0,1) with Kiro model response events.
-//
-// The data parameter is a single SSE "data:" line payload (JSON).
-// Returns: adjusted data, shouldForward (false = skip this event).
-func AdjustStreamIndices(data []byte, offset int) ([]byte, bool) {
-	if len(data) == 0 {
-		return data, true
-	}
-
-	// Quick check: parse the JSON
-	var event map[string]interface{}
-	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &event); err != nil {
-		// Not valid JSON, pass through
-		return data, true
-	}
-
-	eventType, _ := event["type"].(string)
-
-	// Suppress duplicate message_start events
-	if eventType == "message_start" {
-		return data, false
-	}
-
-	// Adjust index for content_block events
-	switch eventType {
-	case "content_block_start", "content_block_delta", "content_block_stop":
-		if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok {
-			event["index"] = int(idx) + offset
-			adjusted, err := json.Marshal(event)
-			if err != nil {
-				return data, true
-			}
-			return adjusted, true
-		}
-	}
-
-	// Pass through all other events unchanged (message_delta, message_stop, ping, etc.)
-	return data, true
-}
-
-// AdjustSSEChunk processes a raw SSE chunk (potentially containing multiple "event:/data:" pairs)
-// and adjusts content block indices. Suppresses duplicate message_start events.
-// Returns the adjusted chunk and whether it should be forwarded.
-func AdjustSSEChunk(chunk []byte, offset int) ([]byte, bool) {
-	chunkStr := string(chunk)
-
-	// Fast path: if no "data:" prefix, pass through
-	if !strings.Contains(chunkStr, "data: ") {
-		return chunk, true
-	}
-
-	var result strings.Builder
-	hasContent := false
-
-	lines := strings.Split(chunkStr, "\n")
-	for i := 0; i < len(lines); i++ {
-		line := lines[i]
-
-		if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
-			dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
-			dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
-
-			if dataPayload == "[DONE]" {
-				result.WriteString(line + "\n")
-				hasContent = true
-				continue
-			}
-
-			adjusted, shouldForward := AdjustStreamIndices([]byte(dataPayload), offset)
-			if !shouldForward {
-				// Skip this event and its preceding "event:" line
-				// Also skip the trailing empty line
-				continue
-			}
-
-			result.WriteString("data: " + string(adjusted) + "\n")
-			hasContent = true
-		} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: ") {
-			// Check if the next data line will be suppressed
-			if i+1 < len(lines) && strings.HasPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ") {
-				dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ")
-				dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
-
-				var event map[string]interface{}
-				if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(dataPayload), &event); err == nil {
-					if eventType, ok := event["type"].(string); ok && eventType == "message_start" {
-						// Skip both the event: and data: lines
-						i++ // skip the data: line too
-						continue
-					}
-				}
-			}
-			result.WriteString(line + "\n")
-			hasContent = true
-		} else {
-			result.WriteString(line + "\n")
-			if strings.TrimSpace(line) != "" {
-				hasContent = true
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	if !hasContent {
-		return nil, false
-	}
-
-	return []byte(result.String()), true
-}
-
-// BufferedStreamResult contains the analysis of buffered SSE chunks from a Kiro API response.
-type BufferedStreamResult struct {
-	// StopReason is the detected stop_reason from the stream (e.g., "end_turn", "tool_use")
-	StopReason string
-	// WebSearchQuery is the extracted query if the model requested another web_search
-	WebSearchQuery string
-	// WebSearchToolUseId is the tool_use ID from the model's response (needed for toolResults)
-	WebSearchToolUseId string
-	// HasWebSearchToolUse indicates whether the model requested web_search
-	HasWebSearchToolUse bool
-	// WebSearchToolUseIndex is the content_block index of the web_search tool_use
-	WebSearchToolUseIndex int
-}
-
-// AnalyzeBufferedStream scans buffered SSE chunks to detect stop_reason and web_search tool_use.
-// This is used in the search loop to determine if the model wants another search round.
-func AnalyzeBufferedStream(chunks [][]byte) BufferedStreamResult {
-	result := BufferedStreamResult{WebSearchToolUseIndex: -1}
-
-	// Track tool use state across chunks
-	var currentToolName string
-	var currentToolIndex int = -1
-	var toolInputBuilder strings.Builder
-
-	for _, chunk := range chunks {
-		chunkStr := string(chunk)
-		lines := strings.Split(chunkStr, "\n")
-		for _, line := range lines {
-			if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
-				continue
-			}
-			dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
-			dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
-			if dataPayload == "[DONE]" || dataPayload == "" {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			var event map[string]interface{}
-			if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(dataPayload), &event); err != nil {
-				continue
-			}
-
-			eventType, _ := event["type"].(string)
-
-			switch eventType {
-			case "message_delta":
-				// Extract stop_reason from message_delta
-				if delta, ok := event["delta"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-					if sr, ok := delta["stop_reason"].(string); ok && sr != "" {
-						result.StopReason = sr
-					}
-				}
-
-			case "content_block_start":
-				// Detect tool_use content blocks
-				if cb, ok := event["content_block"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-					if cbType, ok := cb["type"].(string); ok && cbType == "tool_use" {
-						if name, ok := cb["name"].(string); ok {
-							currentToolName = strings.ToLower(name)
-							if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok {
-								currentToolIndex = int(idx)
-							}
-							// Capture tool use ID for toolResults handshake
-							if id, ok := cb["id"].(string); ok {
-								result.WebSearchToolUseId = id
-							}
-							toolInputBuilder.Reset()
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-			case "content_block_delta":
-				// Accumulate tool input JSON
-				if currentToolName != "" {
-					if delta, ok := event["delta"].(map[string]interface{}); ok {
-						if deltaType, ok := delta["type"].(string); ok && deltaType == "input_json_delta" {
-							if partial, ok := delta["partial_json"].(string); ok {
-								toolInputBuilder.WriteString(partial)
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-			case "content_block_stop":
-				// Finalize tool use detection
-				if currentToolName == "web_search" || currentToolName == "websearch" || currentToolName == "remote_web_search" {
-					result.HasWebSearchToolUse = true
-					result.WebSearchToolUseIndex = currentToolIndex
-					// Extract query from accumulated input JSON
-					inputJSON := toolInputBuilder.String()
-					var input map[string]string
-					if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(inputJSON), &input); err == nil {
-						if q, ok := input["query"]; ok {
-							result.WebSearchQuery = q
-						}
-					}
-					log.Debugf("kiro/websearch: detected web_search tool_use, query: %s", result.WebSearchQuery)
-				}
-				currentToolName = ""
-				currentToolIndex = -1
-				toolInputBuilder.Reset()
-			}
-		}
-	}
-
-	return result
-}
-
-// FilterChunksForClient processes buffered SSE chunks and removes web_search tool_use
-// content blocks. This prevents the client from seeing "Tool use" prompts for web_search
-// when the proxy is handling the search loop internally.
-// Also suppresses message_start and message_delta/message_stop events since those
-// are managed by the outer handleWebSearchStream.
-func FilterChunksForClient(chunks [][]byte, wsToolIndex int, indexOffset int) [][]byte {
-	var filtered [][]byte
-
-	for _, chunk := range chunks {
-		chunkStr := string(chunk)
-		lines := strings.Split(chunkStr, "\n")
-
-		var resultBuilder strings.Builder
-		hasContent := false
-
-		for i := 0; i < len(lines); i++ {
-			line := lines[i]
-
-			if strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
-				dataPayload := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
-				dataPayload = strings.TrimSpace(dataPayload)
-
-				if dataPayload == "[DONE]" {
-					// Skip [DONE] — the outer loop manages stream termination
-					continue
-				}
-
-				var event map[string]interface{}
-				if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(dataPayload), &event); err != nil {
-					resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
-					hasContent = true
-					continue
-				}
-
-				eventType, _ := event["type"].(string)
-
-				// Skip message_start (outer loop sends its own)
-				if eventType == "message_start" {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				// Skip message_delta and message_stop (outer loop manages these)
-				if eventType == "message_delta" || eventType == "message_stop" {
-					continue
-				}
-
-				// Check if this event belongs to the web_search tool_use block
-				if wsToolIndex >= 0 {
-					if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok && int(idx) == wsToolIndex {
-						// Skip events for the web_search tool_use block
-						continue
-					}
-				}
-
-				// Apply index offset for remaining events
-				if indexOffset > 0 {
-					switch eventType {
-					case "content_block_start", "content_block_delta", "content_block_stop":
-						if idx, ok := event["index"].(float64); ok {
-							event["index"] = int(idx) + indexOffset
-							adjusted, err := json.Marshal(event)
-							if err == nil {
-								resultBuilder.WriteString("data: " + string(adjusted) + "\n")
-								hasContent = true
-								continue
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-
-				resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
-				hasContent = true
-			} else if strings.HasPrefix(line, "event: ") {
-				// Check if the next data line will be suppressed
-				if i+1 < len(lines) && strings.HasPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ") {
-					nextData := strings.TrimPrefix(lines[i+1], "data: ")
-					nextData = strings.TrimSpace(nextData)
-
-					var nextEvent map[string]interface{}
-					if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(nextData), &nextEvent); err == nil {
-						nextType, _ := nextEvent["type"].(string)
-						if nextType == "message_start" || nextType == "message_delta" || nextType == "message_stop" {
-							i++ // skip the data line
-							continue
-						}
-						if wsToolIndex >= 0 {
-							if idx, ok := nextEvent["index"].(float64); ok && int(idx) == wsToolIndex {
-								i++ // skip the data line
-								continue
-							}
-						}
-					}
-				}
-				resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
-				hasContent = true
-			} else {
-				resultBuilder.WriteString(line + "\n")
-				if strings.TrimSpace(line) != "" {
-					hasContent = true
-				}
-			}
-		}
-
-		if hasContent {
-			filtered = append(filtered, []byte(resultBuilder.String()))
-		}
-	}
-
-	return filtered
+// ParseSearchResults extracts WebSearchResults from MCP response
+func ParseSearchResults(response *McpResponse) *WebSearchResults {
+	if response == nil || response.Result == nil || len(response.Result.Content) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	content := response.Result.Content[0]
+	if content.ContentType != "text" {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var results WebSearchResults
+	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(content.Text), &results); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("kiro/websearch: failed to parse search results: %v", err)
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	return &results
 }

internal/translator/kiro/claude/kiro_websearch_handler.go

@@ -1,270 +0,0 @@
-// Package claude provides web search handler for Kiro translator.
-// This file implements the MCP API call and response handling.
-package claude
-
-import (
-	"bytes"
-	"encoding/json"
-	"fmt"
-	"io"
-	"net/http"
-	"sync"
-	"sync/atomic"
-	"time"
-
-	"github.com/google/uuid"
-	kiroauth "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/auth/kiro"
-	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
-	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
-)
-
-// Cached web_search tool description fetched from MCP tools/list.
-// Uses atomic.Pointer[sync.Once] for lock-free reads with retry-on-failure:
-// - sync.Once prevents race conditions and deduplicates concurrent calls
-// - On failure, a fresh sync.Once is swapped in to allow retry on next call
-// - On success, sync.Once stays "done" forever — zero overhead for subsequent calls
-var (
-	cachedToolDescription atomic.Value // stores string
-	toolDescOnce          atomic.Pointer[sync.Once]
-	fallbackFpOnce        sync.Once
-	fallbackFp            *kiroauth.Fingerprint
-)
-
-func init() {
-	toolDescOnce.Store(&sync.Once{})
-}
-
-// FetchToolDescription calls MCP tools/list to get the web_search tool description
-// and caches it. Safe to call concurrently — only one goroutine fetches at a time.
-// If the fetch fails, subsequent calls will retry. On success, no further fetches occur.
-// The httpClient parameter allows reusing a shared pooled HTTP client.
-func FetchToolDescription(mcpEndpoint, authToken string, httpClient *http.Client, fp *kiroauth.Fingerprint, authAttrs map[string]string) {
-	toolDescOnce.Load().Do(func() {
-		handler := NewWebSearchHandler(mcpEndpoint, authToken, httpClient, fp, authAttrs)
-		reqBody := []byte(`{"id":"tools_list","jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"tools/list"}`)
-		log.Debugf("kiro/websearch MCP tools/list request: %d bytes", len(reqBody))
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", mcpEndpoint, bytes.NewReader(reqBody))
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("kiro/websearch: failed to create tools/list request: %v", err)
-			toolDescOnce.Store(&sync.Once{}) // allow retry
-			return
-		}
-
-		// Reuse same headers as CallMcpAPI
-		handler.setMcpHeaders(req)
-
-		resp, err := handler.HTTPClient.Do(req)
-		if err != nil {
-			log.Warnf("kiro/websearch: tools/list request failed: %v", err)
-			toolDescOnce.Store(&sync.Once{}) // allow retry
-			return
-		}
-		defer resp.Body.Close()
-
-		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		if err != nil || resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			log.Warnf("kiro/websearch: tools/list returned status %d", resp.StatusCode)
-			toolDescOnce.Store(&sync.Once{}) // allow retry
-			return
-		}
-		log.Debugf("kiro/websearch MCP tools/list response: [%d] %d bytes", resp.StatusCode, len(body))
-
-		// Parse: {"result":{"tools":[{"name":"web_search","description":"..."}]}}
-		var result struct {
-			Result *struct {
-				Tools []struct {
-					Name        string `json:"name"`
-					Description string `json:"description"`
-				} `json:"tools"`
-			} `json:"result"`
-		}
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil || result.Result == nil {
-			log.Warnf("kiro/websearch: failed to parse tools/list response")
-			toolDescOnce.Store(&sync.Once{}) // allow retry
-			return
-		}
-
-		for _, tool := range result.Result.Tools {
-			if tool.Name == "web_search" && tool.Description != "" {
-				cachedToolDescription.Store(tool.Description)
-				log.Infof("kiro/websearch: cached web_search description from tools/list (%d bytes)", len(tool.Description))
-				return // success — sync.Once stays "done", no more fetches
-			}
-		}
-
-		// web_search tool not found in response
-		toolDescOnce.Store(&sync.Once{}) // allow retry
-	})
-}
-
-// GetWebSearchDescription returns the cached web_search tool description,
-// or empty string if not yet fetched. Lock-free via atomic.Value.
-func GetWebSearchDescription() string {
-	if v := cachedToolDescription.Load(); v != nil {
-		return v.(string)
-	}
-	return ""
-}
-
-// WebSearchHandler handles web search requests via Kiro MCP API
-type WebSearchHandler struct {
-	McpEndpoint string
-	HTTPClient  *http.Client
-	AuthToken   string
-	Fingerprint *kiroauth.Fingerprint // optional, for dynamic headers
-	AuthAttrs   map[string]string     // optional, for custom headers from auth.Attributes
-}
-
-// NewWebSearchHandler creates a new WebSearchHandler.
-// If httpClient is nil, a default client with 30s timeout is used.
-// If fingerprint is nil, a random one-off fingerprint is generated.
-// Pass a shared pooled client (e.g. from getKiroPooledHTTPClient) for connection reuse.
-func NewWebSearchHandler(mcpEndpoint, authToken string, httpClient *http.Client, fp *kiroauth.Fingerprint, authAttrs map[string]string) *WebSearchHandler {
-	if httpClient == nil {
-		httpClient = &http.Client{
-			Timeout: 30 * time.Second,
-		}
-	}
-	if fp == nil {
-		// Use a shared fallback fingerprint for callers without token context
-		fallbackFpOnce.Do(func() {
-			mgr := kiroauth.NewFingerprintManager()
-			fallbackFp = mgr.GetFingerprint("mcp-fallback")
-		})
-		fp = fallbackFp
-	}
-	return &WebSearchHandler{
-		McpEndpoint: mcpEndpoint,
-		HTTPClient:  httpClient,
-		AuthToken:   authToken,
-		Fingerprint: fp,
-		AuthAttrs:   authAttrs,
-	}
-}
-
-// setMcpHeaders sets standard MCP API headers on the request,
-// aligned with the GAR request pattern in kiro_executor.go.
-func (h *WebSearchHandler) setMcpHeaders(req *http.Request) {
-	fp := h.Fingerprint
-
-	// 1. Content-Type & Accept (aligned with GAR)
-	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
-	req.Header.Set("Accept", "*/*")
-
-	// 2. Kiro-specific headers (aligned with GAR)
-	req.Header.Set("x-amzn-kiro-agent-mode", "vibe")
-	req.Header.Set("x-amzn-codewhisperer-optout", "true")
-
-	// 3. Dynamic fingerprint headers
-	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fp.BuildUserAgent())
-	req.Header.Set("X-Amz-User-Agent", fp.BuildAmzUserAgent())
-
-	// 4. AWS SDK identifiers (casing aligned with GAR)
-	req.Header.Set("Amz-Sdk-Request", "attempt=1; max=3")
-	req.Header.Set("Amz-Sdk-Invocation-Id", uuid.New().String())
-
-	// 5. Authentication
-	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+h.AuthToken)
-
-	// 6. Custom headers from auth attributes
-	util.ApplyCustomHeadersFromAttrs(req, h.AuthAttrs)
-}
-
-// mcpMaxRetries is the maximum number of retries for MCP API calls.
-const mcpMaxRetries = 2
-
-// CallMcpAPI calls the Kiro MCP API with the given request.
-// Includes retry logic with exponential backoff for retryable errors,
-// aligned with the GAR request retry pattern.
-func (h *WebSearchHandler) CallMcpAPI(request *McpRequest) (*McpResponse, error) {
-	requestBody, err := json.Marshal(request)
-	if err != nil {
-		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal MCP request: %w", err)
-	}
-	log.Debugf("kiro/websearch MCP request → %s (%d bytes)", h.McpEndpoint, len(requestBody))
-
-	var lastErr error
-	for attempt := 0; attempt <= mcpMaxRetries; attempt++ {
-		if attempt > 0 {
-			backoff := time.Duration(1<<attempt) * time.Second
-			if backoff > 10*time.Second {
-				backoff = 10 * time.Second
-			}
-			log.Warnf("kiro/websearch: MCP retry %d/%d after %v (last error: %v)", attempt, mcpMaxRetries, backoff, lastErr)
-			time.Sleep(backoff)
-		}
-
-		req, err := http.NewRequest("POST", h.McpEndpoint, bytes.NewReader(requestBody))
-		if err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create HTTP request: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		h.setMcpHeaders(req)
-
-		resp, err := h.HTTPClient.Do(req)
-		if err != nil {
-			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("MCP API request failed: %w", err)
-			continue // network error → retry
-		}
-
-		body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
-		resp.Body.Close()
-		if err != nil {
-			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("failed to read MCP response: %w", err)
-			continue // read error → retry
-		}
-		log.Debugf("kiro/websearch MCP response ← [%d] (%d bytes)", resp.StatusCode, len(body))
-
-		// Retryable HTTP status codes (aligned with GAR: 502, 503, 504)
-		if resp.StatusCode >= 502 && resp.StatusCode <= 504 {
-			lastErr = fmt.Errorf("MCP API returned retryable status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-			continue
-		}
-
-		if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("MCP API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
-		}
-
-		var mcpResponse McpResponse
-		if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &mcpResponse); err != nil {
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse MCP response: %w", err)
-		}
-
-		if mcpResponse.Error != nil {
-			code := -1
-			if mcpResponse.Error.Code != nil {
-				code = *mcpResponse.Error.Code
-			}
-			msg := "Unknown error"
-			if mcpResponse.Error.Message != nil {
-				msg = *mcpResponse.Error.Message
-			}
-			return nil, fmt.Errorf("MCP error %d: %s", code, msg)
-		}
-
-		return &mcpResponse, nil
-	}
-
-	return nil, lastErr
-}
-
-// ParseSearchResults extracts WebSearchResults from MCP response
-func ParseSearchResults(response *McpResponse) *WebSearchResults {
-	if response == nil || response.Result == nil || len(response.Result.Content) == 0 {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	content := response.Result.Content[0]
-	if content.ContentType != "text" {
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	var results WebSearchResults
-	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(content.Text), &results); err != nil {
-		log.Warnf("kiro/websearch: failed to parse search results: %v", err)
-		return nil
-	}
-
-	return &results
-}

internal/translator/kiro/claude/truncation_detector.go

@@ -53,19 +53,25 @@ var KnownCommandTools = map[string]bool{
 	"execute_python": true,
 }
 
-// RequiredFieldsByTool maps tool names to their required fields.
-// If any of these fields are missing, the tool input is considered truncated.
-var RequiredFieldsByTool = map[string][]string{
-	"Write":              {"file_path", "content"},
-	"write_to_file":      {"path", "content"},
-	"fsWrite":            {"path", "content"},
-	"create_file":        {"path", "content"},
-	"edit_file":          {"path"},
-	"apply_diff":         {"path", "diff"},
-	"str_replace_editor": {"path", "old_str", "new_str"},
-	"Bash":               {"command"},
-	"execute":            {"command"},
-	"run_command":        {"command"},
+// RequiredFieldsByTool maps tool names to their required field groups.
+// Each outer element is a required group; each inner slice lists alternative field names (OR logic).
+// A group is satisfied when ANY one of its alternatives exists in the parsed input.
+// All groups must be satisfied for the tool input to be considered valid.
+//
+// Example:
+// {{"cmd", "command"}} means the tool needs EITHER "cmd" OR "command".
+// {{"file_path"}, {"content"}} means the tool needs BOTH "file_path" AND "content".
+var RequiredFieldsByTool = map[string][][]string{
+	"Write":              {{"file_path"}, {"content"}},
+	"write_to_file":      {{"path"}, {"content"}},
+	"fsWrite":            {{"path"}, {"content"}},
+	"create_file":        {{"path"}, {"content"}},
+	"edit_file":          {{"path"}},
+	"apply_diff":         {{"path"}, {"diff"}},
+	"str_replace_editor": {{"path"}, {"old_str"}, {"new_str"}},
+	"Bash":               {{"cmd", "command"}},
+	"execute":            {{"command"}},
+	"run_command":        {{"command"}},
 }
 
 // DetectTruncation checks if the tool use input appears to be truncated.
@@ -104,9 +110,9 @@ func DetectTruncation(toolName, toolUseID, rawInput string, parsedInput map[stri
 
 	// Scenario 3: JSON parsed but critical fields are missing
 	if parsedInput != nil {
-		requiredFields, hasRequirements := RequiredFieldsByTool[toolName]
+		requiredGroups, hasRequirements := RequiredFieldsByTool[toolName]
 		if hasRequirements {
-			missingFields := findMissingRequiredFields(parsedInput, requiredFields)
+			missingFields := findMissingRequiredFields(parsedInput, requiredGroups)
 			if len(missingFields) > 0 {
 				info.IsTruncated = true
 				info.TruncationType = TruncationTypeMissingFields
@@ -253,12 +259,21 @@ func extractParsedFieldNames(parsed map[string]interface{}) map[string]string {
 	return fields
 }
 
-// findMissingRequiredFields checks which required fields are missing from the parsed input.
-func findMissingRequiredFields(parsed map[string]interface{}, required []string) []string {
+// findMissingRequiredFields checks which required field groups are unsatisfied.
+// Each group is a slice of alternative field names; the group is satisfied when ANY alternative exists.
+// Returns the list of unsatisfied groups (represented by their alternatives joined with "/").
+func findMissingRequiredFields(parsed map[string]interface{}, requiredGroups [][]string) []string {
 	var missing []string
-	for _, field := range required {
-		if _, exists := parsed[field]; !exists {
-			missing = append(missing, field)
+	for _, group := range requiredGroups {
+		satisfied := false
+		for _, field := range group {
+			if _, exists := parsed[field]; exists {
+				satisfied = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !satisfied {
+			missing = append(missing, strings.Join(group, "/"))
 		}
 	}
 	return missing

internal/translator/kiro/common/message_merge.go

@@ -36,8 +36,14 @@ func MergeAdjacentMessages(messages []gjson.Result) []gjson.Result {
 		if currentRole == lastRole {
 			// Merge content from current message into last message
 			mergedContent := mergeMessageContent(lastMsg, msg)
-			// Create a new merged message JSON
-			mergedMsg := createMergedMessage(lastRole, mergedContent)
+			var mergedToolCalls []interface{}
+			if currentRole == "assistant" {
+				// Preserve assistant tool_calls when adjacent assistant messages are merged.
+				mergedToolCalls = mergeToolCalls(lastMsg.Get("tool_calls"), msg.Get("tool_calls"))
+			}
+
+			// Create a new merged message JSON.
+			mergedMsg := createMergedMessage(lastRole, mergedContent, mergedToolCalls)
 			merged[len(merged)-1] = gjson.Parse(mergedMsg)
 		} else {
 			merged = append(merged, msg)
@@ -121,12 +127,34 @@ func blockToMap(block gjson.Result) map[string]interface{} {
 	return result
 }
 
-// createMergedMessage creates a JSON string for a merged message
-func createMergedMessage(role string, content string) string {
+// createMergedMessage creates a JSON string for a merged message.
+// toolCalls is optional and only emitted for assistant role.
+func createMergedMessage(role string, content string, toolCalls []interface{}) string {
 	msg := map[string]interface{}{
 		"role":    role,
 		"content": json.RawMessage(content),
 	}
+	if role == "assistant" && len(toolCalls) > 0 {
+		msg["tool_calls"] = toolCalls
+	}
 	result, _ := json.Marshal(msg)
 	return string(result)
-}
+}
+
+// mergeToolCalls combines tool_calls from two assistant messages while preserving order.
+func mergeToolCalls(tc1, tc2 gjson.Result) []interface{} {
+	var merged []interface{}
+
+	if tc1.IsArray() {
+		for _, tc := range tc1.Array() {
+			merged = append(merged, tc.Value())
+		}
+	}
+	if tc2.IsArray() {
+		for _, tc := range tc2.Array() {
+			merged = append(merged, tc.Value())
+		}
+	}
+
+	return merged
+}

internal/translator/kiro/common/message_merge_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
+package common
+
+import (
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func parseMessages(t *testing.T, raw string) []gjson.Result {
+	t.Helper()
+	parsed := gjson.Parse(raw)
+	if !parsed.IsArray() {
+		t.Fatalf("expected JSON array, got: %s", raw)
+	}
+	return parsed.Array()
+}
+
+func TestMergeAdjacentMessages_AssistantMergePreservesToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := parseMessages(t, `[
+		{"role":"assistant","content":"part1"},
+		{
+			"role":"assistant",
+			"content":"part2",
+			"tool_calls":[
+				{
+					"id":"call_1",
+					"type":"function",
+					"function":{"name":"Read","arguments":"{}"}
+				}
+			]
+		},
+		{"role":"tool","tool_call_id":"call_1","content":"ok"}
+	]`)
+
+	merged := MergeAdjacentMessages(messages)
+	if len(merged) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 messages after merge, got %d", len(merged))
+	}
+
+	assistant := merged[0]
+	if assistant.Get("role").String() != "assistant" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected first message role assistant, got %q", assistant.Get("role").String())
+	}
+
+	toolCalls := assistant.Get("tool_calls")
+	if !toolCalls.IsArray() || len(toolCalls.Array()) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected assistant.tool_calls length 1, got: %s", toolCalls.Raw)
+	}
+	if toolCalls.Array()[0].Get("id").String() != "call_1" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool call id call_1, got %q", toolCalls.Array()[0].Get("id").String())
+	}
+
+	contentRaw := assistant.Get("content").Raw
+	if !strings.Contains(contentRaw, "part1") || !strings.Contains(contentRaw, "part2") {
+		t.Fatalf("expected merged content to contain both parts, got: %s", contentRaw)
+	}
+
+	if merged[1].Get("role").String() != "tool" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected second message role tool, got %q", merged[1].Get("role").String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeAdjacentMessages_AssistantMergeCombinesMultipleToolCalls(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := parseMessages(t, `[
+		{
+			"role":"assistant",
+			"content":"first",
+			"tool_calls":[
+				{"id":"call_1","type":"function","function":{"name":"Read","arguments":"{}"}}
+			]
+		},
+		{
+			"role":"assistant",
+			"content":"second",
+			"tool_calls":[
+				{"id":"call_2","type":"function","function":{"name":"Write","arguments":"{}"}}
+			]
+		}
+	]`)
+
+	merged := MergeAdjacentMessages(messages)
+	if len(merged) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 1 message after merge, got %d", len(merged))
+	}
+
+	toolCalls := merged[0].Get("tool_calls").Array()
+	if len(toolCalls) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 merged tool calls, got %d", len(toolCalls))
+	}
+	if toolCalls[0].Get("id").String() != "call_1" || toolCalls[1].Get("id").String() != "call_2" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected merged tool call ids: %q, %q", toolCalls[0].Get("id").String(), toolCalls[1].Get("id").String())
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMergeAdjacentMessages_ToolMessagesRemainUnmerged(t *testing.T) {
+	messages := parseMessages(t, `[
+		{"role":"tool","tool_call_id":"call_1","content":"r1"},
+		{"role":"tool","tool_call_id":"call_2","content":"r2"}
+	]`)
+
+	merged := MergeAdjacentMessages(messages)
+	if len(merged) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected tool messages to remain separate, got %d", len(merged))
+	}
+}

internal/translator/kiro/openai/kiro_openai_request.go

@@ -234,16 +234,16 @@ func BuildKiroPayloadFromOpenAI(openaiBody []byte, modelID, profileArn, origin s
 	// Kiro API supports official thinking/reasoning mode via <thinking_mode> tag.
 	// When set to "enabled", Kiro returns reasoning content as official reasoningContentEvent
 	// rather than inline <thinking> tags in assistantResponseEvent.
-	// We use a high max_thinking_length to allow extensive reasoning.
+	// Use a conservative thinking budget to reduce latency/cost spikes in long sessions.
 	if thinkingEnabled {
 		thinkingHint := `<thinking_mode>enabled</thinking_mode>
-<max_thinking_length>200000</max_thinking_length>`
+<max_thinking_length>16000</max_thinking_length>`
 		if systemPrompt != "" {
 			systemPrompt = thinkingHint + "\n\n" + systemPrompt
 		} else {
 			systemPrompt = thinkingHint
 		}
-		log.Debugf("kiro-openai: injected thinking prompt (official mode)")
+		log.Infof("kiro-openai: injected thinking prompt (official mode), has_tools: %v", len(kiroTools) > 0)
 	}
 
 	// Process messages and build history
@@ -578,6 +578,7 @@ func processOpenAIMessages(messages gjson.Result, modelID, origin string) ([]Kir
 
 	// Truncate history if too long to prevent Kiro API errors
 	history = truncateHistoryIfNeeded(history)
+	history, currentToolResults = filterOrphanedToolResults(history, currentToolResults)
 
 	return history, currentUserMsg, currentToolResults
 }
@@ -593,6 +594,61 @@ func truncateHistoryIfNeeded(history []KiroHistoryMessage) []KiroHistoryMessage
 	return history[len(history)-kiroMaxHistoryMessages:]
 }
 
+func filterOrphanedToolResults(history []KiroHistoryMessage, currentToolResults []KiroToolResult) ([]KiroHistoryMessage, []KiroToolResult) {
+	// Remove tool results with no matching tool_use in retained history.
+	// This happens after truncation when the assistant turn that produced tool_use
+	// is dropped but a later user/tool_result survives.
+	validToolUseIDs := make(map[string]bool)
+	for _, h := range history {
+		if h.AssistantResponseMessage == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		for _, tu := range h.AssistantResponseMessage.ToolUses {
+			validToolUseIDs[tu.ToolUseID] = true
+		}
+	}
+
+	for i, h := range history {
+		if h.UserInputMessage == nil || h.UserInputMessage.UserInputMessageContext == nil {
+			continue
+		}
+		ctx := h.UserInputMessage.UserInputMessageContext
+		if len(ctx.ToolResults) == 0 {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		filtered := make([]KiroToolResult, 0, len(ctx.ToolResults))
+		for _, tr := range ctx.ToolResults {
+			if validToolUseIDs[tr.ToolUseID] {
+				filtered = append(filtered, tr)
+				continue
+			}
+			log.Debugf("kiro-openai: dropping orphaned tool_result in history[%d]: toolUseId=%s (no matching tool_use)", i, tr.ToolUseID)
+		}
+		ctx.ToolResults = filtered
+		if len(ctx.ToolResults) == 0 && len(ctx.Tools) == 0 {
+			h.UserInputMessage.UserInputMessageContext = nil
+		}
+	}
+
+	if len(currentToolResults) > 0 {
+		filtered := make([]KiroToolResult, 0, len(currentToolResults))
+		for _, tr := range currentToolResults {
+			if validToolUseIDs[tr.ToolUseID] {
+				filtered = append(filtered, tr)
+				continue
+			}
+			log.Debugf("kiro-openai: dropping orphaned tool_result in currentMessage: toolUseId=%s (no matching tool_use)", tr.ToolUseID)
+		}
+		if len(filtered) != len(currentToolResults) {
+			log.Infof("kiro-openai: dropped %d orphaned tool_result(s) from currentMessage", len(currentToolResults)-len(filtered))
+		}
+		currentToolResults = filtered
+	}
+
+	return history, currentToolResults
+}
+
 // buildUserMessageFromOpenAI builds a user message from OpenAI format and extracts tool results
 func buildUserMessageFromOpenAI(msg gjson.Result, modelID, origin string) (KiroUserInputMessage, []KiroToolResult) {
 	content := msg.Get("content")
@@ -831,7 +887,6 @@ func hasThinkingTagInBody(body []byte) bool {
 	return strings.Contains(bodyStr, "<thinking_mode>") || strings.Contains(bodyStr, "<max_thinking_length>")
 }
 
-
 // extractToolChoiceHint extracts tool_choice from OpenAI request and returns a system prompt hint.
 // OpenAI tool_choice values:
 // - "none": Don't use any tools