diff --git a/src/telegram/bot.media.downloads-media-file-path-no-file-download.test.ts b/src/telegram/bot.media.downloads-media-file-path-no-file-download.test.ts
index 959b18bb731..2c02d69d33f 100644
--- a/src/telegram/bot.media.downloads-media-file-path-no-file-download.test.ts
+++ b/src/telegram/bot.media.downloads-media-file-path-no-file-download.test.ts
@@ -1,111 +1,12 @@
-import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
-import * as ssrf from "../infra/net/ssrf.js";
-import { onSpy, saveMediaBufferSpy, sendChatActionSpy } from "./bot.media.e2e-harness.js";
-
-const cacheStickerSpy = vi.fn();
-const getCachedStickerSpy = vi.fn();
-const describeStickerImageSpy = vi.fn();
-const resolvePinnedHostname = ssrf.resolvePinnedHostname;
-const lookupMock = vi.fn();
-let resolvePinnedHostnameSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn> = null;
-const TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS = {
-  mediaGroupFlushMs: 20,
-  textFragmentGapMs: 30,
-} as const;
-const TELEGRAM_BOT_IMPORT_TIMEOUT_MS = process.platform === "win32" ? 180_000 : 150_000;
-let createTelegramBot: typeof import("./bot.js").createTelegramBot;
-let replySpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-
-async function createBotHandler(): Promise<{
-  handler: (ctx: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<void>;
-  replySpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-  runtimeError: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-}> {
-  return createBotHandlerWithOptions({});
-}
-
-async function createBotHandlerWithOptions(options: {
-  proxyFetch?: typeof fetch;
-  runtimeLog?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-  runtimeError?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-}): Promise<{
-  handler: (ctx: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<void>;
-  replySpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-  runtimeError: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
-}> {
-  onSpy.mockClear();
-  replySpy.mockClear();
-  sendChatActionSpy.mockClear();
-
-  const runtimeError = options.runtimeError ?? vi.fn();
-  const runtimeLog = options.runtimeLog ?? vi.fn();
-  createTelegramBot({
-    token: "tok",
-    testTimings: TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS,
-    ...(options.proxyFetch ? { proxyFetch: options.proxyFetch } : {}),
-    runtime: {
-      log: runtimeLog as (...data: unknown[]) => void,
-      error: runtimeError as (...data: unknown[]) => void,
-      exit: () => {
-        throw new Error("exit");
-      },
-    },
-  });
-  const handler = onSpy.mock.calls.find((call) => call[0] === "message")?.[1] as (
-    ctx: Record<string, unknown>,
-  ) => Promise<void>;
-  expect(handler).toBeDefined();
-  return { handler, replySpy, runtimeError };
-}
-
-function mockTelegramFileDownload(params: {
-  contentType: string;
-  bytes: Uint8Array;
-}): ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn> {
-  return vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch").mockResolvedValueOnce({
-    ok: true,
-    status: 200,
-    statusText: "OK",
-    headers: { get: () => params.contentType },
-    arrayBuffer: async () => params.bytes.buffer,
-  } as unknown as Response);
-}
-
-function mockTelegramPngDownload(): ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn> {
-  return vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch").mockResolvedValue({
-    ok: true,
-    status: 200,
-    statusText: "OK",
-    headers: { get: () => "image/png" },
-    arrayBuffer: async () => new Uint8Array([0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47]).buffer,
-  } as unknown as Response);
-}
-
-beforeEach(() => {
-  vi.useRealTimers();
-  lookupMock.mockResolvedValue([{ address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 }]);
-  resolvePinnedHostnameSpy = vi
-    .spyOn(ssrf, "resolvePinnedHostname")
-    .mockImplementation((hostname) => resolvePinnedHostname(hostname, lookupMock));
-});
-
-afterEach(() => {
-  lookupMock.mockClear();
-  resolvePinnedHostnameSpy?.mockRestore();
-  resolvePinnedHostnameSpy = null;
-});
-
-beforeAll(async () => {
-  ({ createTelegramBot } = await import("./bot.js"));
-  const replyModule = await import("../auto-reply/reply.js");
-  replySpy = (replyModule as unknown as { __replySpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> }).__replySpy;
-}, TELEGRAM_BOT_IMPORT_TIMEOUT_MS);
-
-vi.mock("./sticker-cache.js", () => ({
-  cacheSticker: (...args: unknown[]) => cacheStickerSpy(...args),
-  getCachedSticker: (...args: unknown[]) => getCachedStickerSpy(...args),
-  describeStickerImage: (...args: unknown[]) => describeStickerImageSpy(...args),
-}));
+import { afterEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import { setNextSavedMediaPath } from "./bot.media.e2e-harness.js";
+import {
+  TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS,
+  createBotHandler,
+  createBotHandlerWithOptions,
+  mockTelegramFileDownload,
+  mockTelegramPngDownload,
+} from "./bot.media.test-utils.js";
 
 describe("telegram inbound media", () => {
   // Parallel vitest shards can make this suite slower than the standalone run.
@@ -194,8 +95,7 @@ describe("telegram inbound media", () => {
         bytes: new Uint8Array([0xff, 0xd8, 0xff, 0x00]),
       });
       const inboundPath = "/tmp/media/inbound/file_1095---f00a04a2-99a0-4d98-99b0-dfe61c5a4198.jpg";
-      saveMediaBufferSpy.mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        id: "media",
+      setNextSavedMediaPath({
         path: inboundPath,
         size: 4,
         contentType: "image/jpeg",
@@ -483,245 +383,3 @@ describe("telegram forwarded bursts", () => {
     FORWARD_BURST_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
   );
 });
-
-describe("telegram stickers", () => {
-  const STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = process.platform === "win32" ? 30_000 : 20_000;
-
-  beforeEach(() => {
-    cacheStickerSpy.mockClear();
-    getCachedStickerSpy.mockClear();
-    describeStickerImageSpy.mockClear();
-    // Re-seed defaults so per-test overrides do not leak when using mockClear.
-    getCachedStickerSpy.mockReturnValue(undefined);
-    describeStickerImageSpy.mockReturnValue(undefined);
-  });
-
-  it(
-    "downloads static sticker (WEBP) and includes sticker metadata",
-    async () => {
-      const { handler, replySpy, runtimeError } = await createBotHandler();
-      const fetchSpy = mockTelegramFileDownload({
-        contentType: "image/webp",
-        bytes: new Uint8Array([0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46]), // RIFF header
-      });
-
-      await handler({
-        message: {
-          message_id: 100,
-          chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
-          sticker: {
-            file_id: "sticker_file_id_123",
-            file_unique_id: "sticker_unique_123",
-            type: "regular",
-            width: 512,
-            height: 512,
-            is_animated: false,
-            is_video: false,
-            emoji: "🎉",
-            set_name: "TestStickerPack",
-          },
-          date: 1736380800,
-        },
-        me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
-        getFile: async () => ({ file_path: "stickers/sticker.webp" }),
-      });
-
-      expect(runtimeError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(fetchSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        "https://api.telegram.org/file/bottok/stickers/sticker.webp",
-        expect.objectContaining({ redirect: "manual" }),
-      );
-      expect(replySpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-      const payload = replySpy.mock.calls[0][0];
-      expect(payload.Body).toContain("<media:sticker>");
-      expect(payload.Sticker?.emoji).toBe("🎉");
-      expect(payload.Sticker?.setName).toBe("TestStickerPack");
-      expect(payload.Sticker?.fileId).toBe("sticker_file_id_123");
-
-      fetchSpy.mockRestore();
-    },
-    STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
-  );
-
-  it(
-    "refreshes cached sticker metadata on cache hit",
-    async () => {
-      const { handler, replySpy, runtimeError } = await createBotHandler();
-
-      getCachedStickerSpy.mockReturnValue({
-        fileId: "old_file_id",
-        fileUniqueId: "sticker_unique_456",
-        emoji: "😴",
-        setName: "OldSet",
-        description: "Cached description",
-        cachedAt: "2026-01-20T10:00:00.000Z",
-      });
-
-      const fetchSpy = vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch").mockResolvedValueOnce({
-        ok: true,
-        status: 200,
-        statusText: "OK",
-        headers: { get: () => "image/webp" },
-        arrayBuffer: async () => new Uint8Array([0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46]).buffer,
-      } as unknown as Response);
-
-      await handler({
-        message: {
-          message_id: 103,
-          chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
-          sticker: {
-            file_id: "new_file_id",
-            file_unique_id: "sticker_unique_456",
-            type: "regular",
-            width: 512,
-            height: 512,
-            is_animated: false,
-            is_video: false,
-            emoji: "🔥",
-            set_name: "NewSet",
-          },
-          date: 1736380800,
-        },
-        me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
-        getFile: async () => ({ file_path: "stickers/sticker.webp" }),
-      });
-
-      expect(runtimeError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-      expect(cacheStickerSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
-        expect.objectContaining({
-          fileId: "new_file_id",
-          emoji: "🔥",
-          setName: "NewSet",
-        }),
-      );
-      const payload = replySpy.mock.calls[0][0];
-      expect(payload.Sticker?.fileId).toBe("new_file_id");
-      expect(payload.Sticker?.cachedDescription).toBe("Cached description");
-
-      fetchSpy.mockRestore();
-    },
-    STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
-  );
-
-  it(
-    "skips animated and video sticker formats that cannot be downloaded",
-    async () => {
-      const { handler, replySpy, runtimeError } = await createBotHandler();
-
-      for (const scenario of [
-        {
-          messageId: 101,
-          filePath: "stickers/animated.tgs",
-          sticker: {
-            file_id: "animated_sticker_id",
-            file_unique_id: "animated_unique",
-            type: "regular",
-            width: 512,
-            height: 512,
-            is_animated: true,
-            is_video: false,
-            emoji: "😎",
-            set_name: "AnimatedPack",
-          },
-        },
-        {
-          messageId: 102,
-          filePath: "stickers/video.webm",
-          sticker: {
-            file_id: "video_sticker_id",
-            file_unique_id: "video_unique",
-            type: "regular",
-            width: 512,
-            height: 512,
-            is_animated: false,
-            is_video: true,
-            emoji: "🎬",
-            set_name: "VideoPack",
-          },
-        },
-      ]) {
-        replySpy.mockClear();
-        runtimeError.mockClear();
-        const fetchSpy = vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch");
-
-        await handler({
-          message: {
-            message_id: scenario.messageId,
-            chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
-            sticker: scenario.sticker,
-            date: 1736380800,
-          },
-          me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
-          getFile: async () => ({ file_path: scenario.filePath }),
-        });
-
-        expect(fetchSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        expect(replySpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        expect(runtimeError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        fetchSpy.mockRestore();
-      }
-    },
-    STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
-  );
-});
-
-describe("telegram text fragments", () => {
-  afterEach(() => {
-    vi.clearAllTimers();
-  });
-
-  const TEXT_FRAGMENT_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = process.platform === "win32" ? 45_000 : 20_000;
-  const TEXT_FRAGMENT_FLUSH_MS = TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS.textFragmentGapMs + 80;
-
-  it(
-    "buffers near-limit text and processes sequential parts as one message",
-    async () => {
-      onSpy.mockClear();
-      replySpy.mockClear();
-      vi.useFakeTimers();
-      try {
-        createTelegramBot({ token: "tok", testTimings: TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS });
-        const handler = onSpy.mock.calls.find((call) => call[0] === "message")?.[1] as (
-          ctx: Record<string, unknown>,
-        ) => Promise<void>;
-        expect(handler).toBeDefined();
-
-        const part1 = "A".repeat(4050);
-        const part2 = "B".repeat(50);
-
-        await handler({
-          message: {
-            chat: { id: 42, type: "private" },
-            message_id: 10,
-            date: 1736380800,
-            text: part1,
-          },
-          me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
-          getFile: async () => ({}),
-        });
-
-        await handler({
-          message: {
-            chat: { id: 42, type: "private" },
-            message_id: 11,
-            date: 1736380801,
-            text: part2,
-          },
-          me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
-          getFile: async () => ({}),
-        });
-
-        expect(replySpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
-        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(TEXT_FRAGMENT_FLUSH_MS * 2);
-        expect(replySpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
-
-        const payload = replySpy.mock.calls[0][0] as { RawBody?: string; Body?: string };
-        expect(payload.RawBody).toContain(part1.slice(0, 32));
-        expect(payload.RawBody).toContain(part2.slice(0, 32));
-      } finally {
-        vi.useRealTimers();
-      }
-    },
-    TEXT_FRAGMENT_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
-  );
-});
diff --git a/src/telegram/bot.media.e2e-harness.ts b/src/telegram/bot.media.e2e-harness.ts
index 191f92744d2..fec64cbdbf0 100644
--- a/src/telegram/bot.media.e2e-harness.ts
+++ b/src/telegram/bot.media.e2e-harness.ts
@@ -6,12 +6,38 @@ export const middlewareUseSpy: Mock = vi.fn();
 export const onSpy: Mock = vi.fn();
 export const stopSpy: Mock = vi.fn();
 export const sendChatActionSpy: Mock = vi.fn();
-export const saveMediaBufferSpy: Mock = vi.fn(async (buffer: Buffer, contentType?: string) => ({
-  id: "media",
-  path: "/tmp/telegram-media",
-  size: buffer.byteLength,
-  contentType: contentType ?? "application/octet-stream",
-}));
+
+async function defaultSaveMediaBuffer(buffer: Buffer, contentType?: string) {
+  return {
+    id: "media",
+    path: "/tmp/telegram-media",
+    size: buffer.byteLength,
+    contentType: contentType ?? "application/octet-stream",
+  };
+}
+
+const saveMediaBufferSpy: Mock = vi.fn(defaultSaveMediaBuffer);
+
+export function setNextSavedMediaPath(params: {
+  path: string;
+  id?: string;
+  contentType?: string;
+  size?: number;
+}) {
+  saveMediaBufferSpy.mockImplementationOnce(
+    async (buffer: Buffer, detectedContentType?: string) => ({
+      id: params.id ?? "media",
+      path: params.path,
+      size: params.size ?? buffer.byteLength,
+      contentType: params.contentType ?? detectedContentType ?? "application/octet-stream",
+    }),
+  );
+}
+
+export function resetSaveMediaBufferMock() {
+  saveMediaBufferSpy.mockReset();
+  saveMediaBufferSpy.mockImplementation(defaultSaveMediaBuffer);
+}
 
 type ApiStub = {
   config: { use: (arg: unknown) => void };
@@ -29,6 +55,7 @@ const apiStub: ApiStub = {
 
 beforeEach(() => {
   resetInboundDedupe();
+  resetSaveMediaBufferMock();
 });
 
 vi.mock("grammy", () => ({
diff --git a/src/telegram/bot.media.stickers-and-fragments.test.ts b/src/telegram/bot.media.stickers-and-fragments.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..fc1b372f778
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/telegram/bot.media.stickers-and-fragments.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,245 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeEach, describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import {
+  TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS,
+  cacheStickerSpy,
+  createBotHandler,
+  createBotHandlerWithOptions,
+  describeStickerImageSpy,
+  getCachedStickerSpy,
+  mockTelegramFileDownload,
+} from "./bot.media.test-utils.js";
+
+describe("telegram stickers", () => {
+  const STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = process.platform === "win32" ? 30_000 : 20_000;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    cacheStickerSpy.mockClear();
+    getCachedStickerSpy.mockClear();
+    describeStickerImageSpy.mockClear();
+    // Re-seed defaults so per-test overrides do not leak when using mockClear.
+    getCachedStickerSpy.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+    describeStickerImageSpy.mockReturnValue(undefined);
+  });
+
+  it(
+    "downloads static sticker (WEBP) and includes sticker metadata",
+    async () => {
+      const { handler, replySpy, runtimeError } = await createBotHandler();
+      const fetchSpy = mockTelegramFileDownload({
+        contentType: "image/webp",
+        bytes: new Uint8Array([0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46]), // RIFF header
+      });
+
+      await handler({
+        message: {
+          message_id: 100,
+          chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
+          sticker: {
+            file_id: "sticker_file_id_123",
+            file_unique_id: "sticker_unique_123",
+            type: "regular",
+            width: 512,
+            height: 512,
+            is_animated: false,
+            is_video: false,
+            emoji: "🎉",
+            set_name: "TestStickerPack",
+          },
+          date: 1736380800,
+        },
+        me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
+        getFile: async () => ({ file_path: "stickers/sticker.webp" }),
+      });
+
+      expect(runtimeError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(fetchSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        "https://api.telegram.org/file/bottok/stickers/sticker.webp",
+        expect.objectContaining({ redirect: "manual" }),
+      );
+      expect(replySpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      const payload = replySpy.mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(payload.Body).toContain("<media:sticker>");
+      expect(payload.Sticker?.emoji).toBe("🎉");
+      expect(payload.Sticker?.setName).toBe("TestStickerPack");
+      expect(payload.Sticker?.fileId).toBe("sticker_file_id_123");
+
+      fetchSpy.mockRestore();
+    },
+    STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  );
+
+  it(
+    "refreshes cached sticker metadata on cache hit",
+    async () => {
+      const { handler, replySpy, runtimeError } = await createBotHandler();
+
+      getCachedStickerSpy.mockReturnValue({
+        fileId: "old_file_id",
+        fileUniqueId: "sticker_unique_456",
+        emoji: "😴",
+        setName: "OldSet",
+        description: "Cached description",
+        cachedAt: "2026-01-20T10:00:00.000Z",
+      });
+
+      const fetchSpy = vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch").mockResolvedValueOnce({
+        ok: true,
+        status: 200,
+        statusText: "OK",
+        headers: { get: () => "image/webp" },
+        arrayBuffer: async () => new Uint8Array([0x52, 0x49, 0x46, 0x46]).buffer,
+      } as unknown as Response);
+
+      await handler({
+        message: {
+          message_id: 103,
+          chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
+          sticker: {
+            file_id: "new_file_id",
+            file_unique_id: "sticker_unique_456",
+            type: "regular",
+            width: 512,
+            height: 512,
+            is_animated: false,
+            is_video: false,
+            emoji: "🔥",
+            set_name: "NewSet",
+          },
+          date: 1736380800,
+        },
+        me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
+        getFile: async () => ({ file_path: "stickers/sticker.webp" }),
+      });
+
+      expect(runtimeError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+      expect(cacheStickerSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
+        expect.objectContaining({
+          fileId: "new_file_id",
+          emoji: "🔥",
+          setName: "NewSet",
+        }),
+      );
+      const payload = replySpy.mock.calls[0][0];
+      expect(payload.Sticker?.fileId).toBe("new_file_id");
+      expect(payload.Sticker?.cachedDescription).toBe("Cached description");
+
+      fetchSpy.mockRestore();
+    },
+    STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  );
+
+  it(
+    "skips animated and video sticker formats that cannot be downloaded",
+    async () => {
+      const { handler, replySpy, runtimeError } = await createBotHandler();
+
+      for (const scenario of [
+        {
+          messageId: 101,
+          filePath: "stickers/animated.tgs",
+          sticker: {
+            file_id: "animated_sticker_id",
+            file_unique_id: "animated_unique",
+            type: "regular",
+            width: 512,
+            height: 512,
+            is_animated: true,
+            is_video: false,
+            emoji: "😎",
+            set_name: "AnimatedPack",
+          },
+        },
+        {
+          messageId: 102,
+          filePath: "stickers/video.webm",
+          sticker: {
+            file_id: "video_sticker_id",
+            file_unique_id: "video_unique",
+            type: "regular",
+            width: 512,
+            height: 512,
+            is_animated: false,
+            is_video: true,
+            emoji: "🎬",
+            set_name: "VideoPack",
+          },
+        },
+      ]) {
+        replySpy.mockClear();
+        runtimeError.mockClear();
+        const fetchSpy = vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch");
+
+        await handler({
+          message: {
+            message_id: scenario.messageId,
+            chat: { id: 1234, type: "private" },
+            sticker: scenario.sticker,
+            date: 1736380800,
+          },
+          me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
+          getFile: async () => ({ file_path: scenario.filePath }),
+        });
+
+        expect(fetchSpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(replySpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        expect(runtimeError).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        fetchSpy.mockRestore();
+      }
+    },
+    STICKER_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  );
+});
+
+describe("telegram text fragments", () => {
+  afterEach(() => {
+    vi.clearAllTimers();
+  });
+
+  const TEXT_FRAGMENT_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS = process.platform === "win32" ? 45_000 : 20_000;
+  const TEXT_FRAGMENT_FLUSH_MS = TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS.textFragmentGapMs + 80;
+
+  it(
+    "buffers near-limit text and processes sequential parts as one message",
+    async () => {
+      const { handler, replySpy } = await createBotHandlerWithOptions({});
+      vi.useFakeTimers();
+      try {
+        const part1 = "A".repeat(4050);
+        const part2 = "B".repeat(50);
+
+        await handler({
+          message: {
+            chat: { id: 42, type: "private" },
+            message_id: 10,
+            date: 1736380800,
+            text: part1,
+          },
+          me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
+          getFile: async () => ({}),
+        });
+
+        await handler({
+          message: {
+            chat: { id: 42, type: "private" },
+            message_id: 11,
+            date: 1736380801,
+            text: part2,
+          },
+          me: { username: "openclaw_bot" },
+          getFile: async () => ({}),
+        });
+
+        expect(replySpy).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
+        await vi.advanceTimersByTimeAsync(TEXT_FRAGMENT_FLUSH_MS * 2);
+        expect(replySpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+        const payload = replySpy.mock.calls[0][0] as { RawBody?: string };
+        expect(payload.RawBody).toContain(part1.slice(0, 32));
+        expect(payload.RawBody).toContain(part2.slice(0, 32));
+      } finally {
+        vi.useRealTimers();
+      }
+    },
+    TEXT_FRAGMENT_TEST_TIMEOUT_MS,
+  );
+});
diff --git a/src/telegram/bot.media.test-utils.ts b/src/telegram/bot.media.test-utils.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..4d49eda3f60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/telegram/bot.media.test-utils.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import { afterEach, beforeAll, beforeEach, expect, vi } from "vitest";
+import * as ssrf from "../infra/net/ssrf.js";
+import { onSpy, sendChatActionSpy } from "./bot.media.e2e-harness.js";
+
+export const cacheStickerSpy = vi.fn();
+export const getCachedStickerSpy = vi.fn();
+export const describeStickerImageSpy = vi.fn();
+
+const resolvePinnedHostname = ssrf.resolvePinnedHostname;
+const lookupMock = vi.fn();
+let resolvePinnedHostnameSpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn> = null;
+
+export const TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS = {
+  mediaGroupFlushMs: 20,
+  textFragmentGapMs: 30,
+} as const;
+
+const TELEGRAM_BOT_IMPORT_TIMEOUT_MS = process.platform === "win32" ? 180_000 : 150_000;
+
+let createTelegramBotRef: typeof import("./bot.js").createTelegramBot;
+let replySpyRef: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+
+export async function createBotHandler(): Promise<{
+  handler: (ctx: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<void>;
+  replySpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  runtimeError: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+}> {
+  return createBotHandlerWithOptions({});
+}
+
+export async function createBotHandlerWithOptions(options: {
+  proxyFetch?: typeof fetch;
+  runtimeLog?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  runtimeError?: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+}): Promise<{
+  handler: (ctx: Record<string, unknown>) => Promise<void>;
+  replySpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+  runtimeError: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn>;
+}> {
+  onSpy.mockClear();
+  replySpyRef.mockClear();
+  sendChatActionSpy.mockClear();
+
+  const runtimeError = options.runtimeError ?? vi.fn();
+  const runtimeLog = options.runtimeLog ?? vi.fn();
+  createTelegramBotRef({
+    token: "tok",
+    testTimings: TELEGRAM_TEST_TIMINGS,
+    ...(options.proxyFetch ? { proxyFetch: options.proxyFetch } : {}),
+    runtime: {
+      log: runtimeLog as (...data: unknown[]) => void,
+      error: runtimeError as (...data: unknown[]) => void,
+      exit: () => {
+        throw new Error("exit");
+      },
+    },
+  });
+  const handler = onSpy.mock.calls.find((call) => call[0] === "message")?.[1] as (
+    ctx: Record<string, unknown>,
+  ) => Promise<void>;
+  expect(handler).toBeDefined();
+  return { handler, replySpy: replySpyRef, runtimeError };
+}
+
+export function mockTelegramFileDownload(params: {
+  contentType: string;
+  bytes: Uint8Array;
+}): ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn> {
+  return vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch").mockResolvedValueOnce({
+    ok: true,
+    status: 200,
+    statusText: "OK",
+    headers: { get: () => params.contentType },
+    arrayBuffer: async () => params.bytes.buffer,
+  } as unknown as Response);
+}
+
+export function mockTelegramPngDownload(): ReturnType<typeof vi.spyOn> {
+  return vi.spyOn(globalThis, "fetch").mockResolvedValue({
+    ok: true,
+    status: 200,
+    statusText: "OK",
+    headers: { get: () => "image/png" },
+    arrayBuffer: async () => new Uint8Array([0x89, 0x50, 0x4e, 0x47]).buffer,
+  } as unknown as Response);
+}
+
+beforeEach(() => {
+  vi.useRealTimers();
+  lookupMock.mockResolvedValue([{ address: "93.184.216.34", family: 4 }]);
+  resolvePinnedHostnameSpy = vi
+    .spyOn(ssrf, "resolvePinnedHostname")
+    .mockImplementation((hostname) => resolvePinnedHostname(hostname, lookupMock));
+});
+
+afterEach(() => {
+  lookupMock.mockClear();
+  resolvePinnedHostnameSpy?.mockRestore();
+  resolvePinnedHostnameSpy = null;
+});
+
+beforeAll(async () => {
+  ({ createTelegramBot: createTelegramBotRef } = await import("./bot.js"));
+  const replyModule = await import("../auto-reply/reply.js");
+  replySpyRef = (replyModule as unknown as { __replySpy: ReturnType<typeof vi.fn> }).__replySpy;
+}, TELEGRAM_BOT_IMPORT_TIMEOUT_MS);
+
+vi.mock("./sticker-cache.js", () => ({
+  cacheSticker: (...args: unknown[]) => cacheStickerSpy(...args),
+  getCachedSticker: (...args: unknown[]) => getCachedStickerSpy(...args),
+  describeStickerImage: (...args: unknown[]) => describeStickerImageSpy(...args),
+}));