diff --git a/docs/refactor/database-first.md b/docs/refactor/database-first.md
index 45cc4ff0435..10360497afb 100644
--- a/docs/refactor/database-first.md
+++ b/docs/refactor/database-first.md
@@ -134,8 +134,8 @@ The branch already has a real shared SQLite base:
   input only; runtime no longer reads or writes TTS prefs JSON files, and the
   legacy path resolver lives in the doctor migration module.
 - Subagent run recovery and OpenRouter model capability cache runtime modules
-  now keep SQLite readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON import
-  helpers.
+  now keep SQLite snapshot readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON
+  import helpers.
 - `src/agents/filesystem/virtual-agent-fs.sqlite.ts` implements a SQLite VFS
   over the agent database `vfs_entries` table.
 - `src/agents/runtime-worker.entry.ts` creates per-run SQLite VFS, tool artifact,
@@ -147,13 +147,14 @@ The branch already has a real shared SQLite base:
   Doctor imports legacy `~/.openclaw/exec-approvals.json`; runtime writes no
   longer create or rewrite that file.
 - Device identity, device auth, and bootstrap runtime modules now keep their
-  SQLite readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON import helpers.
-- Web push, APNs, Voice Wake, and Voice Wake routing runtime modules now keep
-  their SQLite readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON import
+  SQLite snapshot readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON import
   helpers.
+- Web push, APNs, Voice Wake, and Voice Wake routing runtime modules now keep
+  their SQLite snapshot readers/writers separate from doctor-only legacy JSON
+  import helpers.
 - Pairing state, plugin binding approvals, and cron job state now follow the
-  same split: runtime modules expose SQLite-backed operations and narrow
-  migration writers, while doctor imports/removes the old JSON files through
+  same split: runtime modules expose SQLite-backed operations and neutral
+  snapshot helpers, while doctor imports/removes the old JSON files through
   `src/commands/doctor/legacy/*` modules.
 - Core pairing and cron runtime modules no longer export legacy JSON path
   builders. Doctor-owned legacy modules construct `pending.json`, `paired.json`,
diff --git a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts
index 7a6b83b89ef..664ef47609a 100644
--- a/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts
+++ b/src/agents/pi-embedded-runner/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts
@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ function readPersistentCache(): Map<string, OpenRouterModelCapabilities> | undef
   return readSqliteCache();
 }
 
-export function writeOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCacheForMigration(
+export function writeOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCacheSnapshot(
   map: Map<string, OpenRouterModelCapabilities>,
   env?: NodeJS.ProcessEnv,
 ): void {
diff --git a/src/agents/subagent-registry.store.ts b/src/agents/subagent-registry.store.ts
index ee013d83b82..3b3079f042b 100644
--- a/src/agents/subagent-registry.store.ts
+++ b/src/agents/subagent-registry.store.ts
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ function normalizePersistedRunRecords(params: {
   return out;
 }
 
-export function normalizeSubagentRunRecordsForMigration(params: {
+export function normalizeSubagentRunRecordsSnapshot(params: {
   runsRaw: Record<string, unknown>;
   isLegacy: boolean;
 }): Map<string, SubagentRunRecord> {
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ function writeSubagentRegistryRunsToSqlite(
   }, subagentRegistryDbOptions(env));
 }
 
-export function writeSubagentRegistryRunsForMigration(
+export function writeSubagentRegistryRunsSnapshot(
   runs: Map<string, SubagentRunRecord>,
   env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env,
 ): void {
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-auth-store.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-auth-store.ts
index ea7f7cd61d8..88fde253188 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-auth-store.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-auth-store.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
 import {
-  parseDeviceAuthStoreForMigration,
-  writeDeviceAuthStoreForMigration,
+  parseDeviceAuthStoreSnapshot,
+  writeDeviceAuthStoreSnapshot,
 } from "../../../infra/device-auth-store.js";
 
 function resolveDeviceAuthPath(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env): string {
@@ -32,11 +32,11 @@ export function importLegacyDeviceAuthFileToSqlite(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = proc
     }
     throw error;
   }
-  const store = parseDeviceAuthStoreForMigration(parsed);
+  const store = parseDeviceAuthStoreSnapshot(parsed);
   if (!store) {
     return { imported: false, tokens: 0 };
   }
-  writeDeviceAuthStoreForMigration(env, store);
+  writeDeviceAuthStoreSnapshot(env, store);
   try {
     fs.rmSync(filePath, { force: true });
   } catch {
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-identity.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-identity.ts
index e97274701c1..dd419c919df 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-identity.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/device-identity.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
 import {
-  parseStoredDeviceIdentityForMigration,
-  writeStoredDeviceIdentityForMigration,
+  parseStoredDeviceIdentitySnapshot,
+  writeStoredDeviceIdentitySnapshot,
 } from "../../../infra/device-identity.js";
 
 function resolveIdentityPathForEnv(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv = process.env): string {
@@ -31,11 +31,11 @@ export function importLegacyDeviceIdentityFileToSqlite(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv =
     }
     throw error;
   }
-  const stored = parseStoredDeviceIdentityForMigration(parsed);
+  const stored = parseStoredDeviceIdentitySnapshot(parsed);
   if (!stored) {
     return { imported: false };
   }
-  writeStoredDeviceIdentityForMigration(filePath, stored);
+  writeStoredDeviceIdentitySnapshot(filePath, stored);
   try {
     fs.rmSync(filePath, { force: true });
   } catch {
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts
index 773dc1a58db..cafbd44b9fe 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/openrouter-model-capabilities.ts
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ import { existsSync, readFileSync, unlinkSync } from "node:fs";
 import { join } from "node:path";
 import {
   parseOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCachePayload,
-  writeOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCacheForMigration,
+  writeOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCacheSnapshot,
   type OpenRouterModelCapabilities,
 } from "../../../agents/pi-embedded-runner/openrouter-model-capabilities.js";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ export function importLegacyOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCacheToSqlite(
   }
   const legacyJsonCache = readLegacyJsonCache(env);
   if (legacyJsonCache) {
-    writeOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCacheForMigration(legacyJsonCache, env);
+    writeOpenRouterModelCapabilitiesCacheSnapshot(legacyJsonCache, env);
   }
   try {
     unlinkSync(resolveLegacyJsonCachePath(env));
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/plugin-conversation-binding.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/plugin-conversation-binding.ts
index f1797455366..9e7eecbd9ab 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/plugin-conversation-binding.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/plugin-conversation-binding.ts
@@ -3,8 +3,8 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
 import { expandHomePrefix } from "../../../infra/home-dir.js";
 import {
-  normalizePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration,
-  writePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration,
+  normalizePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot,
+  writePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot,
 } from "../../../plugins/conversation-binding.js";
 
 const LEGACY_APPROVALS_PATH = "~/.openclaw/plugin-binding-approvals.json";
@@ -35,10 +35,10 @@ export function importLegacyPluginBindingApprovalFileToSqlite(): {
   if (!legacyPluginBindingApprovalFileExists()) {
     return { imported: false, approvals: 0 };
   }
-  const file = normalizePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(
+  const file = normalizePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot(
     JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(filePath, "utf8")) as unknown,
   );
-  writePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(file);
+  writePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot(file);
   try {
     fs.unlinkSync(filePath);
   } catch {
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-apns.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-apns.ts
index 2b067bd28b9..b2dab65d9ad 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-apns.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-apns.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
 import {
-  normalizeApnsRegistrationStateForMigration,
-  writeApnsRegistrationStateForMigration,
+  normalizeApnsRegistrationStateSnapshot,
+  writeApnsRegistrationStateSnapshot,
 } from "../../../infra/push-apns.js";
 
 const LEGACY_APNS_STATE_FILENAME = "push/apns-registrations.json";
@@ -33,11 +33,11 @@ export async function importLegacyApnsRegistrationFileToSqlite(baseDir?: string)
     }
     throw error;
   }
-  const normalized = normalizeApnsRegistrationStateForMigration(parsed);
+  const normalized = normalizeApnsRegistrationStateSnapshot(parsed);
   if (!normalized) {
     return { imported: false, registrations: 0 };
   }
-  await writeApnsRegistrationStateForMigration(normalized, baseDir);
+  await writeApnsRegistrationStateSnapshot(normalized, baseDir);
   await fs.rm(filePath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
   return { imported: true, registrations: Object.keys(normalized.registrationsByNodeId).length };
 }
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-web.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-web.ts
index eddddbd9b07..b3d1790fa35 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-web.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/push-web.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
 import {
-  writeWebPushRegistrationStateForMigration,
-  writeWebPushVapidKeysForMigration,
+  writeWebPushRegistrationStateSnapshot,
+  writeWebPushVapidKeysSnapshot,
   type VapidKeyPair,
   type WebPushRegistrationState,
 } from "../../../infra/push-web.js";
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ export async function importLegacyWebPushFilesToSqlite(baseDir?: string): Promis
   try {
     const state = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(statePath, "utf8")) as WebPushRegistrationState;
     if (state && typeof state === "object") {
-      await writeWebPushRegistrationStateForMigration(state, baseDir);
+      await writeWebPushRegistrationStateSnapshot(state, baseDir);
       subscriptions = Object.keys(state.subscriptionsByEndpointHash ?? {}).length;
       await fs.rm(statePath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
       files += 1;
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ export async function importLegacyWebPushFilesToSqlite(baseDir?: string): Promis
   try {
     const keys = JSON.parse(await fs.readFile(vapidPath, "utf8")) as VapidKeyPair;
     if (keys?.publicKey && keys.privateKey) {
-      writeWebPushVapidKeysForMigration(keys, baseDir);
+      writeWebPushVapidKeysSnapshot(keys, baseDir);
       await fs.rm(vapidPath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
       importedVapidKeys = true;
       files += 1;
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/subagent-registry.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/subagent-registry.ts
index f5fc2fe5888..bae6f347f7f 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/subagent-registry.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/subagent-registry.ts
@@ -1,9 +1,9 @@
 import fs from "node:fs";
 import path from "node:path";
 import {
-  normalizeSubagentRunRecordsForMigration,
+  normalizeSubagentRunRecordsSnapshot,
   resolveSubagentStateDir,
-  writeSubagentRegistryRunsForMigration,
+  writeSubagentRegistryRunsSnapshot,
 } from "../../../agents/subagent-registry.store.js";
 import type { SubagentRunRecord } from "../../../agents/subagent-registry.types.js";
 import { loadJsonFile } from "../../../infra/json-file.js";
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ function loadLegacySubagentRegistryFile(pathname: string): Map<string, SubagentR
   if (!runsRaw || typeof runsRaw !== "object") {
     return new Map();
   }
-  return normalizeSubagentRunRecordsForMigration({
+  return normalizeSubagentRunRecordsSnapshot({
     runsRaw: runsRaw as Record<string, unknown>,
     isLegacy: record.version === 1,
   });
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ export function importLegacySubagentRegistryFileToSqlite(env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv
     return { imported: false, runs: 0 };
   }
   const runs = loadLegacySubagentRegistryFile(pathname);
-  writeSubagentRegistryRunsForMigration(runs, env);
+  writeSubagentRegistryRunsSnapshot(runs, env);
   try {
     fs.unlinkSync(pathname);
   } catch {
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake-routing.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake-routing.ts
index 6dc07ffdb5d..fb21e275f6a 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake-routing.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake-routing.ts
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
 import {
   normalizeVoiceWakeRoutingConfig,
-  writeVoiceWakeRoutingConfigForMigration,
+  writeVoiceWakeRoutingConfigSnapshot,
 } from "../../../infra/voicewake-routing.js";
 
 function resolveLegacyPath(baseDir?: string) {
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ export async function importLegacyVoiceWakeRoutingConfigFileToSqlite(baseDir?: s
     throw error;
   }
   const normalized = normalizeVoiceWakeRoutingConfig(raw);
-  writeVoiceWakeRoutingConfigForMigration(normalized, baseDir);
+  writeVoiceWakeRoutingConfigSnapshot(normalized, baseDir);
   await fs.rm(filePath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
   return { imported: true, routes: normalized.routes.length };
 }
diff --git a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake.ts b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake.ts
index 164df86dedc..88a7261c028 100644
--- a/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake.ts
+++ b/src/commands/doctor/legacy/voicewake.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,8 @@ import fs from "node:fs/promises";
 import path from "node:path";
 import { resolveStateDir } from "../../../config/paths.js";
 import {
-  normalizeVoiceWakeConfigForMigration,
-  writeVoiceWakeConfigForMigration,
+  normalizeVoiceWakeConfigSnapshot,
+  writeVoiceWakeConfigSnapshot,
 } from "../../../infra/voicewake.js";
 
 function resolveLegacyPath(baseDir?: string) {
@@ -37,8 +37,8 @@ export async function importLegacyVoiceWakeConfigFileToSqlite(baseDir?: string):
     }
     throw error;
   }
-  const normalized = normalizeVoiceWakeConfigForMigration(raw);
-  writeVoiceWakeConfigForMigration(normalized, baseDir);
+  const normalized = normalizeVoiceWakeConfigSnapshot(raw);
+  writeVoiceWakeConfigSnapshot(normalized, baseDir);
   await fs.rm(filePath, { force: true }).catch(() => undefined);
   return { imported: true, triggers: normalized.triggers.length };
 }
diff --git a/src/infra/device-auth-store.ts b/src/infra/device-auth-store.ts
index 10742a1e168..c548329f1f4 100644
--- a/src/infra/device-auth-store.ts
+++ b/src/infra/device-auth-store.ts
@@ -58,12 +58,12 @@ export function storeDeviceAuthStore(params: {
   return params.store;
 }
 
-export function parseDeviceAuthStoreForMigration(raw: unknown): DeviceAuthStore | null {
+export function parseDeviceAuthStoreSnapshot(raw: unknown): DeviceAuthStore | null {
   const store = DeviceAuthStoreSchema.safeParse(raw);
   return store.success ? store.data : null;
 }
 
-export function writeDeviceAuthStoreForMigration(
+export function writeDeviceAuthStoreSnapshot(
   env: NodeJS.ProcessEnv | undefined,
   store: DeviceAuthStore,
 ): void {
diff --git a/src/infra/device-identity.ts b/src/infra/device-identity.ts
index 8019d504e95..089ff0b70f1 100644
--- a/src/infra/device-identity.ts
+++ b/src/infra/device-identity.ts
@@ -226,11 +226,11 @@ export function loadDeviceIdentityIfPresentForEnv(
   }
 }
 
-export function parseStoredDeviceIdentityForMigration(value: unknown): StoredDeviceIdentity | null {
+export function parseStoredDeviceIdentitySnapshot(value: unknown): StoredDeviceIdentity | null {
   return parseStoredIdentity(value);
 }
 
-export function writeStoredDeviceIdentityForMigration(
+export function writeStoredDeviceIdentitySnapshot(
   filePath: string,
   stored: StoredDeviceIdentity,
 ): void {
diff --git a/src/infra/push-apns.ts b/src/infra/push-apns.ts
index 0690d740a9e..c8e8958c1e1 100644
--- a/src/infra/push-apns.ts
+++ b/src/infra/push-apns.ts
@@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ async function persistRegistrationsState(
   );
 }
 
-export function normalizeApnsRegistrationStateForMigration(
+export function normalizeApnsRegistrationStateSnapshot(
   parsed: unknown,
 ): ApnsRegistrationState | null {
   if (!parsed || typeof parsed !== "object") {
@@ -419,7 +419,7 @@ export function normalizeApnsRegistrationStateForMigration(
   return { registrationsByNodeId: normalized };
 }
 
-export async function writeApnsRegistrationStateForMigration(
+export async function writeApnsRegistrationStateSnapshot(
   state: ApnsRegistrationState,
   baseDir?: string,
 ): Promise<void> {
diff --git a/src/infra/push-web.ts b/src/infra/push-web.ts
index afc8296bf07..12ab6c786d2 100644
--- a/src/infra/push-web.ts
+++ b/src/infra/push-web.ts
@@ -103,14 +103,14 @@ async function persistState(state: WebPushRegistrationState, baseDir?: string):
   );
 }
 
-export async function writeWebPushRegistrationStateForMigration(
+export async function writeWebPushRegistrationStateSnapshot(
   state: WebPushRegistrationState,
   baseDir?: string,
 ): Promise<void> {
   await persistState(state, baseDir);
 }
 
-export function writeWebPushVapidKeysForMigration(keys: VapidKeyPair, baseDir?: string): void {
+export function writeWebPushVapidKeysSnapshot(keys: VapidKeyPair, baseDir?: string): void {
   writeOpenClawStateKvJson<OpenClawStateJsonValue>(
     WEB_PUSH_SCOPE,
     WEB_PUSH_VAPID_KEY,
diff --git a/src/infra/voicewake-routing.ts b/src/infra/voicewake-routing.ts
index 489fdaf18c3..c4b927fab02 100644
--- a/src/infra/voicewake-routing.ts
+++ b/src/infra/voicewake-routing.ts
@@ -295,7 +295,7 @@ export async function setVoiceWakeRoutingConfig(
   return next;
 }
 
-export function writeVoiceWakeRoutingConfigForMigration(
+export function writeVoiceWakeRoutingConfigSnapshot(
   config: VoiceWakeRoutingConfig,
   baseDir?: string,
 ): void {
diff --git a/src/infra/voicewake.ts b/src/infra/voicewake.ts
index 58fd65a9c36..01ca89c4320 100644
--- a/src/infra/voicewake.ts
+++ b/src/infra/voicewake.ts
@@ -66,7 +66,7 @@ export async function setVoiceWakeTriggers(
   return next;
 }
 
-export function normalizeVoiceWakeConfigForMigration(raw: unknown): VoiceWakeConfig {
+export function normalizeVoiceWakeConfigSnapshot(raw: unknown): VoiceWakeConfig {
   const updatedAtMs = (raw as Partial<VoiceWakeConfig> | undefined)?.updatedAtMs;
   return {
     triggers: sanitizeTriggers((raw as Partial<VoiceWakeConfig> | undefined)?.triggers),
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ export function normalizeVoiceWakeConfigForMigration(raw: unknown): VoiceWakeCon
   };
 }
 
-export function writeVoiceWakeConfigForMigration(config: VoiceWakeConfig, baseDir?: string): void {
+export function writeVoiceWakeConfigSnapshot(config: VoiceWakeConfig, baseDir?: string): void {
   writeOpenClawStateKvJson<OpenClawStateJsonValue>(
     VOICEWAKE_SCOPE,
     VOICEWAKE_CONFIG_KEY,
diff --git a/src/plugins/conversation-binding.ts b/src/plugins/conversation-binding.ts
index 40ffaab70d1..22f758ef542 100644
--- a/src/plugins/conversation-binding.ts
+++ b/src/plugins/conversation-binding.ts
@@ -342,7 +342,7 @@ function createApprovalRequestId(): string {
   return crypto.randomBytes(9).toString("base64url");
 }
 
-export function normalizePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(
+export function normalizePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot(
   value: unknown,
 ): PluginBindingApprovalsFile {
   const parsed = value as Partial<PluginBindingApprovalsFile> | undefined;
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ export function normalizePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(
 
 function loadApprovalsFromSqlite(): PluginBindingApprovalsFile {
   try {
-    return normalizePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(
+    return normalizePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot(
       readOpenClawStateKvJson(
         APPROVALS_KV_SCOPE,
         APPROVALS_KV_KEY,
@@ -385,7 +385,7 @@ function loadApprovalsFromSqlite(): PluginBindingApprovalsFile {
   }
 }
 
-export function writePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(file: PluginBindingApprovalsFile): void {
+export function writePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot(file: PluginBindingApprovalsFile): void {
   writeOpenClawStateKvJson<OpenClawStateJsonValue>(
     APPROVALS_KV_SCOPE,
     APPROVALS_KV_KEY,
@@ -398,7 +398,7 @@ export function writePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(file: PluginBindingAppro
 }
 
 async function saveApprovals(file: PluginBindingApprovalsFile): Promise<void> {
-  writePluginBindingApprovalsForMigration(file);
+  writePluginBindingApprovalsSnapshot(file);
 }
 
 function getApprovals(): PluginBindingApprovalsFile {