diff --git a/extensions/bluebubbles/src/config-schema.test.ts b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/config-schema.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..be32c8f96b0
--- /dev/null
+++ b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/config-schema.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+import { BlueBubblesConfigSchema } from "./config-schema.js";
+
+describe("BlueBubblesConfigSchema", () => {
+  it("accepts account config when serverUrl and password are both set", () => {
+    const parsed = BlueBubblesConfigSchema.safeParse({
+      serverUrl: "http://localhost:1234",
+      password: "secret",
+    });
+    expect(parsed.success).toBe(true);
+  });
+
+  it("requires password when top-level serverUrl is configured", () => {
+    const parsed = BlueBubblesConfigSchema.safeParse({
+      serverUrl: "http://localhost:1234",
+    });
+    expect(parsed.success).toBe(false);
+    if (parsed.success) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expect(parsed.error.issues[0]?.path).toEqual(["password"]);
+    expect(parsed.error.issues[0]?.message).toBe(
+      "password is required when serverUrl is configured",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("requires password when account serverUrl is configured", () => {
+    const parsed = BlueBubblesConfigSchema.safeParse({
+      accounts: {
+        work: {
+          serverUrl: "http://localhost:1234",
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    expect(parsed.success).toBe(false);
+    if (parsed.success) {
+      return;
+    }
+    expect(parsed.error.issues[0]?.path).toEqual(["accounts", "work", "password"]);
+    expect(parsed.error.issues[0]?.message).toBe(
+      "password is required when serverUrl is configured",
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("allows password omission when serverUrl is not configured", () => {
+    const parsed = BlueBubblesConfigSchema.safeParse({
+      accounts: {
+        work: {
+          name: "Work iMessage",
+        },
+      },
+    });
+    expect(parsed.success).toBe(true);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/extensions/bluebubbles/src/config-schema.ts b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/config-schema.ts
index 097071757c3..b575ab85fe1 100644
--- a/extensions/bluebubbles/src/config-schema.ts
+++ b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/config-schema.ts
@@ -24,27 +24,39 @@ const bluebubblesGroupConfigSchema = z.object({
   tools: ToolPolicySchema,
 });
 
-const bluebubblesAccountSchema = z.object({
-  name: z.string().optional(),
-  enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
-  markdown: MarkdownConfigSchema,
-  serverUrl: z.string().optional(),
-  password: z.string().optional(),
-  webhookPath: z.string().optional(),
-  dmPolicy: z.enum(["pairing", "allowlist", "open", "disabled"]).optional(),
-  allowFrom: z.array(allowFromEntry).optional(),
-  groupAllowFrom: z.array(allowFromEntry).optional(),
-  groupPolicy: z.enum(["open", "disabled", "allowlist"]).optional(),
-  historyLimit: z.number().int().min(0).optional(),
-  dmHistoryLimit: z.number().int().min(0).optional(),
-  textChunkLimit: z.number().int().positive().optional(),
-  chunkMode: z.enum(["length", "newline"]).optional(),
-  mediaMaxMb: z.number().int().positive().optional(),
-  mediaLocalRoots: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
-  sendReadReceipts: z.boolean().optional(),
-  blockStreaming: z.boolean().optional(),
-  groups: z.object({}).catchall(bluebubblesGroupConfigSchema).optional(),
-});
+const bluebubblesAccountSchema = z
+  .object({
+    name: z.string().optional(),
+    enabled: z.boolean().optional(),
+    markdown: MarkdownConfigSchema,
+    serverUrl: z.string().optional(),
+    password: z.string().optional(),
+    webhookPath: z.string().optional(),
+    dmPolicy: z.enum(["pairing", "allowlist", "open", "disabled"]).optional(),
+    allowFrom: z.array(allowFromEntry).optional(),
+    groupAllowFrom: z.array(allowFromEntry).optional(),
+    groupPolicy: z.enum(["open", "disabled", "allowlist"]).optional(),
+    historyLimit: z.number().int().min(0).optional(),
+    dmHistoryLimit: z.number().int().min(0).optional(),
+    textChunkLimit: z.number().int().positive().optional(),
+    chunkMode: z.enum(["length", "newline"]).optional(),
+    mediaMaxMb: z.number().int().positive().optional(),
+    mediaLocalRoots: z.array(z.string()).optional(),
+    sendReadReceipts: z.boolean().optional(),
+    blockStreaming: z.boolean().optional(),
+    groups: z.object({}).catchall(bluebubblesGroupConfigSchema).optional(),
+  })
+  .superRefine((value, ctx) => {
+    const serverUrl = value.serverUrl?.trim() ?? "";
+    const password = value.password?.trim() ?? "";
+    if (serverUrl && !password) {
+      ctx.addIssue({
+        code: z.ZodIssueCode.custom,
+        path: ["password"],
+        message: "password is required when serverUrl is configured",
+      });
+    }
+  });
 
 export const BlueBubblesConfigSchema = bluebubblesAccountSchema.extend({
   accounts: z.object({}).catchall(bluebubblesAccountSchema).optional(),
diff --git a/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.test.ts b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.test.ts
index 7b4d95d7667..1ebd9455830 100644
--- a/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.test.ts
+++ b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.test.ts
@@ -452,6 +452,45 @@ describe("BlueBubbles webhook monitor", () => {
       expect(res.statusCode).toBe(400);
     });
 
+    it("accepts URL-encoded payload wrappers", async () => {
+      const account = createMockAccount();
+      const config: OpenClawConfig = {};
+      const core = createMockRuntime();
+      setBlueBubblesRuntime(core);
+
+      unregister = registerBlueBubblesWebhookTarget({
+        account,
+        config,
+        runtime: { log: vi.fn(), error: vi.fn() },
+        core,
+        path: "/bluebubbles-webhook",
+      });
+
+      const payload = {
+        type: "new-message",
+        data: {
+          text: "hello",
+          handle: { address: "+15551234567" },
+          isGroup: false,
+          isFromMe: false,
+          guid: "msg-1",
+          date: Date.now(),
+        },
+      };
+      const encodedBody = new URLSearchParams({
+        payload: JSON.stringify(payload),
+      }).toString();
+
+      const req = createMockRequest("POST", "/bluebubbles-webhook", encodedBody);
+      const res = createMockResponse();
+
+      const handled = await handleBlueBubblesWebhookRequest(req, res);
+
+      expect(handled).toBe(true);
+      expect(res.statusCode).toBe(200);
+      expect(res.body).toBe("ok");
+    });
+
     it("returns 408 when request body times out (Slow-Loris protection)", async () => {
       vi.useFakeTimers();
       try {
diff --git a/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.ts b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.ts
index 367f095b8bc..fa148e5dd20 100644
--- a/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.ts
+++ b/extensions/bluebubbles/src/monitor.ts
@@ -2,8 +2,12 @@ import { timingSafeEqual } from "node:crypto";
 import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from "node:http";
 import type { OpenClawConfig } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
 import {
+  isRequestBodyLimitError,
+  readRequestBodyWithLimit,
   registerWebhookTarget,
   rejectNonPostWebhookRequest,
+  requestBodyErrorToText,
+  resolveSingleWebhookTarget,
   resolveWebhookTargets,
 } from "openclaw/plugin-sdk";
 import {
@@ -231,12 +235,6 @@ function removeDebouncer(target: WebhookTarget): void {
 }
 
 export function registerBlueBubblesWebhookTarget(target: WebhookTarget): () => void {
-  const webhookPassword = target.account.config.password?.trim() ?? "";
-  if (!webhookPassword) {
-    target.runtime.error?.(
-      `[${target.account.accountId}] BlueBubbles webhook auth requires channels.bluebubbles.password. Configure a password and include it in the webhook URL.`,
-    );
-  }
   const registered = registerWebhookTarget(webhookTargets, target);
   return () => {
     registered.unregister();
@@ -245,64 +243,61 @@ export function registerBlueBubblesWebhookTarget(target: WebhookTarget): () => v
   };
 }
 
-async function readJsonBody(req: IncomingMessage, maxBytes: number, timeoutMs = 30_000) {
-  const chunks: Buffer[] = [];
-  let total = 0;
-  return await new Promise<{ ok: boolean; value?: unknown; error?: string }>((resolve) => {
-    let done = false;
-    const finish = (result: { ok: boolean; value?: unknown; error?: string }) => {
-      if (done) {
-        return;
-      }
-      done = true;
-      clearTimeout(timer);
-      resolve(result);
+type ReadBlueBubblesWebhookBodyResult =
+  | { ok: true; value: unknown }
+  | { ok: false; statusCode: number; error: string };
+
+function parseBlueBubblesWebhookPayload(
+  rawBody: string,
+): { ok: true; value: unknown } | { ok: false; error: string } {
+  const trimmed = rawBody.trim();
+  if (!trimmed) {
+    return { ok: false, error: "empty payload" };
+  }
+  try {
+    return { ok: true, value: JSON.parse(trimmed) as unknown };
+  } catch {
+    const params = new URLSearchParams(rawBody);
+    const payload = params.get("payload") ?? params.get("data") ?? params.get("message");
+    if (!payload) {
+      return { ok: false, error: "invalid json" };
+    }
+    try {
+      return { ok: true, value: JSON.parse(payload) as unknown };
+    } catch (error) {
+      return { ok: false, error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error) };
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+async function readBlueBubblesWebhookBody(
+  req: IncomingMessage,
+  maxBytes: number,
+): Promise<ReadBlueBubblesWebhookBodyResult> {
+  try {
+    const rawBody = await readRequestBodyWithLimit(req, {
+      maxBytes,
+      timeoutMs: 30_000,
+    });
+    const parsed = parseBlueBubblesWebhookPayload(rawBody);
+    if (!parsed.ok) {
+      return { ok: false, statusCode: 400, error: parsed.error };
+    }
+    return parsed;
+  } catch (error) {
+    if (isRequestBodyLimitError(error)) {
+      return {
+        ok: false,
+        statusCode: error.statusCode,
+        error: requestBodyErrorToText(error.code),
+      };
+    }
+    return {
+      ok: false,
+      statusCode: 400,
+      error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
     };
-
-    const timer = setTimeout(() => {
-      finish({ ok: false, error: "request body timeout" });
-      req.destroy();
-    }, timeoutMs);
-
-    req.on("data", (chunk: Buffer) => {
-      total += chunk.length;
-      if (total > maxBytes) {
-        finish({ ok: false, error: "payload too large" });
-        req.destroy();
-        return;
-      }
-      chunks.push(chunk);
-    });
-    req.on("end", () => {
-      try {
-        const raw = Buffer.concat(chunks).toString("utf8");
-        if (!raw.trim()) {
-          finish({ ok: false, error: "empty payload" });
-          return;
-        }
-        try {
-          finish({ ok: true, value: JSON.parse(raw) as unknown });
-          return;
-        } catch {
-          const params = new URLSearchParams(raw);
-          const payload = params.get("payload") ?? params.get("data") ?? params.get("message");
-          if (payload) {
-            finish({ ok: true, value: JSON.parse(payload) as unknown });
-            return;
-          }
-          throw new Error("invalid json");
-        }
-      } catch (err) {
-        finish({ ok: false, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
-      }
-    });
-    req.on("error", (err) => {
-      finish({ ok: false, error: err instanceof Error ? err.message : String(err) });
-    });
-    req.on("close", () => {
-      finish({ ok: false, error: "connection closed" });
-    });
-  });
+  }
 }
 
 function asRecord(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> | null {
@@ -343,26 +338,6 @@ function safeEqualSecret(aRaw: string, bRaw: string): boolean {
   return timingSafeEqual(bufA, bufB);
 }
 
-function resolveAuthenticatedWebhookTargets(
-  targets: WebhookTarget[],
-  presentedToken: string,
-): WebhookTarget[] {
-  const matches: WebhookTarget[] = [];
-  for (const target of targets) {
-    const token = target.account.config.password?.trim() ?? "";
-    if (!token) {
-      continue;
-    }
-    if (safeEqualSecret(presentedToken, token)) {
-      matches.push(target);
-      if (matches.length > 1) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
-  return matches;
-}
-
 export async function handleBlueBubblesWebhookRequest(
   req: IncomingMessage,
   res: ServerResponse,
@@ -378,15 +353,9 @@ export async function handleBlueBubblesWebhookRequest(
     return true;
   }
 
-  const body = await readJsonBody(req, 1024 * 1024);
+  const body = await readBlueBubblesWebhookBody(req, 1024 * 1024);
   if (!body.ok) {
-    if (body.error === "payload too large") {
-      res.statusCode = 413;
-    } else if (body.error === "request body timeout") {
-      res.statusCode = 408;
-    } else {
-      res.statusCode = 400;
-    }
+    res.statusCode = body.statusCode;
     res.end(body.error ?? "invalid payload");
     console.warn(`[bluebubbles] webhook rejected: ${body.error ?? "invalid payload"}`);
     return true;
@@ -450,9 +419,12 @@ export async function handleBlueBubblesWebhookRequest(
     req.headers["x-bluebubbles-guid"] ??
     req.headers["authorization"];
   const guid = (Array.isArray(headerToken) ? headerToken[0] : headerToken) ?? guidParam ?? "";
-  const matching = resolveAuthenticatedWebhookTargets(targets, guid);
+  const matchedTarget = resolveSingleWebhookTarget(targets, (target) => {
+    const token = target.account.config.password?.trim() ?? "";
+    return safeEqualSecret(guid, token);
+  });
 
-  if (matching.length === 0) {
+  if (matchedTarget.kind === "none") {
     res.statusCode = 401;
     res.end("unauthorized");
     console.warn(
@@ -461,14 +433,14 @@ export async function handleBlueBubblesWebhookRequest(
     return true;
   }
 
-  if (matching.length > 1) {
+  if (matchedTarget.kind === "ambiguous") {
     res.statusCode = 401;
     res.end("ambiguous webhook target");
     console.warn(`[bluebubbles] webhook rejected: ambiguous target match path=${path}`);
     return true;
   }
 
-  const target = matching[0];
+  const target = matchedTarget.target;
   target.statusSink?.({ lastInboundAt: Date.now() });
   if (reaction) {
     processReaction(reaction, target).catch((err) => {
diff --git a/extensions/googlechat/src/monitor.ts b/extensions/googlechat/src/monitor.ts
index 272f3abc833..9cdcbc070fb 100644
--- a/extensions/googlechat/src/monitor.ts
+++ b/extensions/googlechat/src/monitor.ts
@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import {
   readJsonBodyWithLimit,
   registerWebhookTarget,
   rejectNonPostWebhookRequest,
+  resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync,
   resolveWebhookPath,
   resolveWebhookTargets,
   requestBodyErrorToText,
@@ -208,8 +209,7 @@ export async function handleGoogleChatWebhookRequest(
     ? authHeaderNow.slice("bearer ".length)
     : bearer;
 
-  const matchedTargets: WebhookTarget[] = [];
-  for (const target of targets) {
+  const matchedTarget = await resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync(targets, async (target) => {
     const audienceType = target.audienceType;
     const audience = target.audience;
     const verification = await verifyGoogleChatRequest({
@@ -217,27 +217,22 @@ export async function handleGoogleChatWebhookRequest(
       audienceType,
       audience,
     });
-    if (verification.ok) {
-      matchedTargets.push(target);
-      if (matchedTargets.length > 1) {
-        break;
-      }
-    }
-  }
+    return verification.ok;
+  });
 
-  if (matchedTargets.length === 0) {
+  if (matchedTarget.kind === "none") {
     res.statusCode = 401;
     res.end("unauthorized");
     return true;
   }
 
-  if (matchedTargets.length > 1) {
+  if (matchedTarget.kind === "ambiguous") {
     res.statusCode = 401;
     res.end("ambiguous webhook target");
     return true;
   }
 
-  const selected = matchedTargets[0];
+  const selected = matchedTarget.target;
   selected.statusSink?.({ lastInboundAt: Date.now() });
   processGoogleChatEvent(event, selected).catch((err) => {
     selected?.runtime.error?.(
diff --git a/extensions/zalo/src/monitor.ts b/extensions/zalo/src/monitor.ts
index 8a28927f6ad..3e1b3256f72 100644
--- a/extensions/zalo/src/monitor.ts
+++ b/extensions/zalo/src/monitor.ts
@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@ import {
   readJsonBodyWithLimit,
   registerWebhookTarget,
   rejectNonPostWebhookRequest,
+  resolveSingleWebhookTarget,
   resolveSenderCommandAuthorization,
   resolveWebhookPath,
   resolveWebhookTargets,
@@ -195,20 +196,22 @@ export async function handleZaloWebhookRequest(
   }
 
   const headerToken = String(req.headers["x-bot-api-secret-token"] ?? "");
-  const matching = targets.filter((entry) => timingSafeEquals(entry.secret, headerToken));
-  if (matching.length === 0) {
+  const matchedTarget = resolveSingleWebhookTarget(targets, (entry) =>
+    timingSafeEquals(entry.secret, headerToken),
+  );
+  if (matchedTarget.kind === "none") {
     res.statusCode = 401;
     res.end("unauthorized");
     recordWebhookStatus(targets[0]?.runtime, req.url ?? "<unknown>", res.statusCode);
     return true;
   }
-  if (matching.length > 1) {
+  if (matchedTarget.kind === "ambiguous") {
     res.statusCode = 401;
     res.end("ambiguous webhook target");
     recordWebhookStatus(targets[0]?.runtime, req.url ?? "<unknown>", res.statusCode);
     return true;
   }
-  const target = matching[0];
+  const target = matchedTarget.target;
   const path = req.url ?? "<unknown>";
   const rateLimitKey = `${path}:${req.socket.remoteAddress ?? "unknown"}`;
   const nowMs = Date.now();
diff --git a/src/plugin-sdk/index.ts b/src/plugin-sdk/index.ts
index c18892c6fa9..f70fc1419c9 100644
--- a/src/plugin-sdk/index.ts
+++ b/src/plugin-sdk/index.ts
@@ -88,8 +88,11 @@ export { normalizeWebhookPath, resolveWebhookPath } from "./webhook-path.js";
 export {
   registerWebhookTarget,
   rejectNonPostWebhookRequest,
+  resolveSingleWebhookTarget,
+  resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync,
   resolveWebhookTargets,
 } from "./webhook-targets.js";
+export type { WebhookTargetMatchResult } from "./webhook-targets.js";
 export type { AgentMediaPayload } from "./agent-media-payload.js";
 export { buildAgentMediaPayload } from "./agent-media-payload.js";
 export {
diff --git a/src/plugin-sdk/webhook-targets.test.ts b/src/plugin-sdk/webhook-targets.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000..5c4255533da
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/plugin-sdk/webhook-targets.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
+import { EventEmitter } from "node:events";
+import type { IncomingMessage, ServerResponse } from "node:http";
+import { describe, expect, it, vi } from "vitest";
+import {
+  registerWebhookTarget,
+  rejectNonPostWebhookRequest,
+  resolveSingleWebhookTarget,
+  resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync,
+  resolveWebhookTargets,
+} from "./webhook-targets.js";
+
+function createRequest(method: string, url: string): IncomingMessage {
+  const req = new EventEmitter() as IncomingMessage;
+  req.method = method;
+  req.url = url;
+  req.headers = {};
+  return req;
+}
+
+describe("registerWebhookTarget", () => {
+  it("normalizes the path and unregisters cleanly", () => {
+    const targets = new Map<string, Array<{ path: string; id: string }>>();
+    const registered = registerWebhookTarget(targets, {
+      path: "hook",
+      id: "A",
+    });
+
+    expect(registered.target.path).toBe("/hook");
+    expect(targets.get("/hook")).toEqual([registered.target]);
+
+    registered.unregister();
+    expect(targets.has("/hook")).toBe(false);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("resolveWebhookTargets", () => {
+  it("resolves normalized path targets", () => {
+    const targets = new Map<string, Array<{ id: string }>>();
+    targets.set("/hook", [{ id: "A" }]);
+
+    expect(resolveWebhookTargets(createRequest("POST", "/hook/"), targets)).toEqual({
+      path: "/hook",
+      targets: [{ id: "A" }],
+    });
+  });
+
+  it("returns null when path has no targets", () => {
+    const targets = new Map<string, Array<{ id: string }>>();
+    expect(resolveWebhookTargets(createRequest("POST", "/missing"), targets)).toBeNull();
+  });
+});
+
+describe("rejectNonPostWebhookRequest", () => {
+  it("sets 405 for non-POST requests", () => {
+    const setHeaderMock = vi.fn();
+    const endMock = vi.fn();
+    const res = {
+      statusCode: 200,
+      setHeader: setHeaderMock,
+      end: endMock,
+    } as unknown as ServerResponse;
+
+    const rejected = rejectNonPostWebhookRequest(createRequest("GET", "/hook"), res);
+
+    expect(rejected).toBe(true);
+    expect(res.statusCode).toBe(405);
+    expect(setHeaderMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Allow", "POST");
+    expect(endMock).toHaveBeenCalledWith("Method Not Allowed");
+  });
+});
+
+describe("resolveSingleWebhookTarget", () => {
+  it("returns none when no target matches", () => {
+    const result = resolveSingleWebhookTarget(["a", "b"], (value) => value === "c");
+    expect(result).toEqual({ kind: "none" });
+  });
+
+  it("returns the single match", () => {
+    const result = resolveSingleWebhookTarget(["a", "b"], (value) => value === "b");
+    expect(result).toEqual({ kind: "single", target: "b" });
+  });
+
+  it("returns ambiguous after second match", () => {
+    const calls: string[] = [];
+    const result = resolveSingleWebhookTarget(["a", "b", "c"], (value) => {
+      calls.push(value);
+      return value === "a" || value === "b";
+    });
+    expect(result).toEqual({ kind: "ambiguous" });
+    expect(calls).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+  });
+});
+
+describe("resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync", () => {
+  it("returns none when no target matches", async () => {
+    const result = await resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync(
+      ["a", "b"],
+      async (value) => value === "c",
+    );
+    expect(result).toEqual({ kind: "none" });
+  });
+
+  it("returns the single async match", async () => {
+    const result = await resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync(
+      ["a", "b"],
+      async (value) => value === "b",
+    );
+    expect(result).toEqual({ kind: "single", target: "b" });
+  });
+
+  it("returns ambiguous after second async match", async () => {
+    const calls: string[] = [];
+    const result = await resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync(["a", "b", "c"], async (value) => {
+      calls.push(value);
+      return value === "a" || value === "b";
+    });
+    expect(result).toEqual({ kind: "ambiguous" });
+    expect(calls).toEqual(["a", "b"]);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/src/plugin-sdk/webhook-targets.ts b/src/plugin-sdk/webhook-targets.ts
index 81747c89412..1a7cd40accf 100644
--- a/src/plugin-sdk/webhook-targets.ts
+++ b/src/plugin-sdk/webhook-targets.ts
@@ -38,6 +38,51 @@ export function resolveWebhookTargets<T>(
   return { path, targets };
 }
 
+export type WebhookTargetMatchResult<T> =
+  | { kind: "none" }
+  | { kind: "single"; target: T }
+  | { kind: "ambiguous" };
+
+export function resolveSingleWebhookTarget<T>(
+  targets: readonly T[],
+  isMatch: (target: T) => boolean,
+): WebhookTargetMatchResult<T> {
+  let matched: T | undefined;
+  for (const target of targets) {
+    if (!isMatch(target)) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (matched) {
+      return { kind: "ambiguous" };
+    }
+    matched = target;
+  }
+  if (!matched) {
+    return { kind: "none" };
+  }
+  return { kind: "single", target: matched };
+}
+
+export async function resolveSingleWebhookTargetAsync<T>(
+  targets: readonly T[],
+  isMatch: (target: T) => Promise<boolean>,
+): Promise<WebhookTargetMatchResult<T>> {
+  let matched: T | undefined;
+  for (const target of targets) {
+    if (!(await isMatch(target))) {
+      continue;
+    }
+    if (matched) {
+      return { kind: "ambiguous" };
+    }
+    matched = target;
+  }
+  if (!matched) {
+    return { kind: "none" };
+  }
+  return { kind: "single", target: matched };
+}
+
 export function rejectNonPostWebhookRequest(req: IncomingMessage, res: ServerResponse): boolean {
   if (req.method === "POST") {
     return false;