diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index 71dcb752b8a..86f9e8a6a79 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -58,6 +58,7 @@ Docs: https://docs.openclaw.ai
 - Gateway/Restart: treat child listener PIDs as owned by the service runtime PID during restart health checks to avoid false stale-process kills and restart timeouts on launchd/systemd. (#24696) Thanks @gumadeiras.
 - Config/Write: apply `unsetPaths` with immutable path-copy updates so config writes never mutate caller-provided objects, and harden `openclaw config get/set/unset` path traversal by rejecting prototype-key segments and inherited-property traversal. (#24134) thanks @frankekn.
 - Security/Exec: detect obfuscated commands before exec allowlist decisions and require explicit approval for obfuscation patterns. (#8592) Thanks @CornBrother0x and @vincentkoc.
+- Security/ACP: harden ACP client permission auto-approval to require trusted core tool IDs, ignore untrusted `toolCall.kind` hints, and scope `read` auto-approval to the active working directory so unknown tool names and out-of-scope file reads always prompt.
 - Security/Skills: escape user-controlled prompt, filename, and output-path values in `openai-image-gen` HTML gallery generation to prevent stored XSS in generated `index.html` output. (#12538) Thanks @CornBrother0x.
 - Security/Skills: harden `skill-creator` packaging by skipping symlink entries and rejecting files whose resolved paths escape the selected skill root. (#24260, #16959) Thanks @CornBrother0x and @vincentkoc.
 - Security/OTEL: redact sensitive values (API keys, tokens, credential fields) from diagnostics-otel log bodies, log attributes, and error/reason span fields before OTLP export. (#12542) Thanks @brandonwise.
diff --git a/docs/cli/acp.md b/docs/cli/acp.md
index 9535509016d..1b1981395e4 100644
--- a/docs/cli/acp.md
+++ b/docs/cli/acp.md
@@ -49,6 +49,13 @@ openclaw acp client --server-args --url wss://gateway-host:18789 --token-file ~/
 openclaw acp client --server "node" --server-args openclaw.mjs acp --url ws://127.0.0.1:19001
 ```
 
+Permission model (client debug mode):
+
+- Auto-approval is allowlist-based and only applies to trusted core tool IDs.
+- `read` auto-approval is scoped to the current working directory (`--cwd` when set).
+- Unknown/non-core tool names, out-of-scope reads, and dangerous tools always require explicit prompt approval.
+- Server-provided `toolCall.kind` is treated as untrusted metadata (not an authorization source).
+
 ## How to use this
 
 Use ACP when an IDE (or other client) speaks Agent Client Protocol and you want
diff --git a/src/acp/client.test.ts b/src/acp/client.test.ts
index 90fad779619..b7596ff42a9 100644
--- a/src/acp/client.test.ts
+++ b/src/acp/client.test.ts
@@ -74,6 +74,32 @@ describe("resolvePermissionRequest", () => {
     expect(prompt).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
   });
 
+  it("prompts for read outside cwd scope", async () => {
+    const prompt = vi.fn(async () => false);
+    const res = await resolvePermissionRequest(
+      makePermissionRequest({
+        toolCall: { toolCallId: "tool-r", title: "read: ~/.ssh/id_rsa", status: "pending" },
+      }),
+      { prompt, log: () => {} },
+    );
+    expect(prompt).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(prompt).toHaveBeenCalledWith("read", "read: ~/.ssh/id_rsa");
+    expect(res).toEqual({ outcome: { outcome: "selected", optionId: "reject" } });
+  });
+
+  it("prompts for non-core read-like tool names", async () => {
+    const prompt = vi.fn(async () => false);
+    const res = await resolvePermissionRequest(
+      makePermissionRequest({
+        toolCall: { toolCallId: "tool-fr", title: "fs_read: ~/.ssh/id_rsa", status: "pending" },
+      }),
+      { prompt, log: () => {} },
+    );
+    expect(prompt).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(prompt).toHaveBeenCalledWith("fs_read", "fs_read: ~/.ssh/id_rsa");
+    expect(res).toEqual({ outcome: { outcome: "selected", optionId: "reject" } });
+  });
+
   it.each([
     {
       caseName: "prompts for fetch even when tool name is known",
@@ -100,6 +126,24 @@ describe("resolvePermissionRequest", () => {
     expect(res).toEqual({ outcome: { outcome: "selected", optionId: "reject" } });
   });
 
+  it("prompts when kind is spoofed as read", async () => {
+    const prompt = vi.fn(async () => false);
+    const res = await resolvePermissionRequest(
+      makePermissionRequest({
+        toolCall: {
+          toolCallId: "tool-kind-spoof",
+          title: "thread: reply",
+          status: "pending",
+          kind: "read",
+        },
+      }),
+      { prompt, log: () => {} },
+    );
+    expect(prompt).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+    expect(prompt).toHaveBeenCalledWith("thread", "thread: reply");
+    expect(res).toEqual({ outcome: { outcome: "selected", optionId: "reject" } });
+  });
+
   it("uses allow_always and reject_always when once options are absent", async () => {
     const options: RequestPermissionRequest["options"] = [
       { kind: "allow_always", name: "Always allow", optionId: "allow-always" },
diff --git a/src/acp/client.ts b/src/acp/client.ts
index 1eaf70c005f..ca88e18bce4 100644
--- a/src/acp/client.ts
+++ b/src/acp/client.ts
@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import { spawn, type ChildProcess } from "node:child_process";
 import fs from "node:fs";
+import { homedir } from "node:os";
 import path from "node:path";
 import * as readline from "node:readline";
 import { Readable, Writable } from "node:stream";
@@ -12,16 +13,26 @@ import {
   type RequestPermissionResponse,
   type SessionNotification,
 } from "@agentclientprotocol/sdk";
+import { isKnownCoreToolId } from "../agents/tool-catalog.js";
 import { ensureOpenClawCliOnPath } from "../infra/path-env.js";
 import { DANGEROUS_ACP_TOOLS } from "../security/dangerous-tools.js";
 
-const SAFE_AUTO_APPROVE_KINDS = new Set(["read", "search"]);
+const SAFE_AUTO_APPROVE_TOOL_IDS = new Set(["read", "search", "web_search", "memory_search"]);
+const TRUSTED_SAFE_TOOL_ALIASES = new Set(["search"]);
+const READ_TOOL_PATH_KEYS = ["path", "file_path", "filePath"];
+const TOOL_KIND_BY_ID = new Map<string, string>([
+  ["read", "read"],
+  ["search", "search"],
+  ["web_search", "search"],
+  ["memory_search", "search"],
+]);
 
 type PermissionOption = RequestPermissionRequest["options"][number];
 
 type PermissionResolverDeps = {
   prompt?: (toolName: string | undefined, toolTitle?: string) => Promise<boolean>;
   log?: (line: string) => void;
+  cwd?: string;
 };
 
 function asRecord(value: unknown): Record<string, unknown> | undefined {
@@ -65,52 +76,11 @@ function parseToolNameFromTitle(title: string | undefined | null): string | unde
   return normalizeToolName(head);
 }
 
-function resolveToolKindForPermission(
-  params: RequestPermissionRequest,
-  toolName: string | undefined,
-): string | undefined {
-  const toolCall = params.toolCall as unknown as { kind?: unknown; title?: unknown } | undefined;
-  const kindRaw = typeof toolCall?.kind === "string" ? toolCall.kind.trim().toLowerCase() : "";
-  if (kindRaw) {
-    return kindRaw;
-  }
-  const name =
-    toolName ??
-    parseToolNameFromTitle(typeof toolCall?.title === "string" ? toolCall.title : undefined);
-  if (!name) {
+function resolveToolKindForPermission(toolName: string | undefined): string | undefined {
+  if (!toolName) {
     return undefined;
   }
-  const normalized = name.toLowerCase();
-
-  const hasToken = (token: string) => {
-    // Tool names tend to be snake_case. Avoid substring heuristics (ex: "thread" contains "read").
-    const re = new RegExp(`(?:^|[._-])${token}(?:$|[._-])`);
-    return re.test(normalized);
-  };
-
-  // Prefer a conservative classifier: only classify safe kinds when confident.
-  if (normalized === "read" || hasToken("read")) {
-    return "read";
-  }
-  if (normalized === "search" || hasToken("search") || hasToken("find")) {
-    return "search";
-  }
-  if (normalized.includes("fetch") || normalized.includes("http")) {
-    return "fetch";
-  }
-  if (normalized.includes("write") || normalized.includes("edit") || normalized.includes("patch")) {
-    return "edit";
-  }
-  if (normalized.includes("delete") || normalized.includes("remove")) {
-    return "delete";
-  }
-  if (normalized.includes("move") || normalized.includes("rename")) {
-    return "move";
-  }
-  if (normalized.includes("exec") || normalized.includes("run") || normalized.includes("bash")) {
-    return "execute";
-  }
-  return "other";
+  return TOOL_KIND_BY_ID.get(toolName) ?? "other";
 }
 
 function resolveToolNameForPermission(params: RequestPermissionRequest): string | undefined {
@@ -124,6 +94,109 @@ function resolveToolNameForPermission(params: RequestPermissionRequest): string
   return normalizeToolName(fromMeta ?? fromRawInput ?? fromTitle ?? "");
 }
 
+function extractPathFromToolTitle(
+  toolTitle: string | undefined,
+  toolName: string | undefined,
+): string | undefined {
+  if (!toolTitle) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const separator = toolTitle.indexOf(":");
+  if (separator < 0) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const tail = toolTitle.slice(separator + 1).trim();
+  if (!tail) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  const keyedMatch = tail.match(/(?:^|,\s*)(?:path|file_path|filePath)\s*:\s*([^,]+)/);
+  if (keyedMatch?.[1]) {
+    return keyedMatch[1].trim();
+  }
+  if (toolName === "read") {
+    return tail;
+  }
+  return undefined;
+}
+
+function resolveToolPathCandidate(
+  params: RequestPermissionRequest,
+  toolName: string | undefined,
+  toolTitle: string | undefined,
+): string | undefined {
+  const rawInput = asRecord(params.toolCall?.rawInput);
+  const fromRawInput = readFirstStringValue(rawInput, READ_TOOL_PATH_KEYS);
+  const fromTitle = extractPathFromToolTitle(toolTitle, toolName);
+  return fromRawInput ?? fromTitle;
+}
+
+function resolveAbsoluteScopedPath(value: string, cwd: string): string | undefined {
+  let candidate = value.trim();
+  if (!candidate) {
+    return undefined;
+  }
+  if (candidate.startsWith("file://")) {
+    try {
+      const parsed = new URL(candidate);
+      candidate = decodeURIComponent(parsed.pathname || "");
+    } catch {
+      return undefined;
+    }
+  }
+  if (candidate === "~") {
+    candidate = homedir();
+  } else if (candidate.startsWith("~/")) {
+    candidate = path.join(homedir(), candidate.slice(2));
+  }
+  const absolute = path.isAbsolute(candidate)
+    ? path.normalize(candidate)
+    : path.resolve(cwd, candidate);
+  return absolute;
+}
+
+function isPathWithinRoot(candidatePath: string, root: string): boolean {
+  const relative = path.relative(root, candidatePath);
+  return relative === "" || (!relative.startsWith("..") && !path.isAbsolute(relative));
+}
+
+function isReadToolCallScopedToCwd(
+  params: RequestPermissionRequest,
+  toolName: string | undefined,
+  toolTitle: string | undefined,
+  cwd: string,
+): boolean {
+  if (toolName !== "read") {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const rawPath = resolveToolPathCandidate(params, toolName, toolTitle);
+  if (!rawPath) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  const absolutePath = resolveAbsoluteScopedPath(rawPath, cwd);
+  if (!absolutePath) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  return isPathWithinRoot(absolutePath, path.resolve(cwd));
+}
+
+function shouldAutoApproveToolCall(
+  params: RequestPermissionRequest,
+  toolName: string | undefined,
+  toolTitle: string | undefined,
+  cwd: string,
+): boolean {
+  const isTrustedToolId =
+    typeof toolName === "string" &&
+    (isKnownCoreToolId(toolName) || TRUSTED_SAFE_TOOL_ALIASES.has(toolName));
+  if (!toolName || !isTrustedToolId || !SAFE_AUTO_APPROVE_TOOL_IDS.has(toolName)) {
+    return false;
+  }
+  if (toolName === "read") {
+    return isReadToolCallScopedToCwd(params, toolName, toolTitle, cwd);
+  }
+  return true;
+}
+
 function pickOption(
   options: PermissionOption[],
   kinds: PermissionOption["kind"][],
@@ -191,10 +264,11 @@ export async function resolvePermissionRequest(
 ): Promise<RequestPermissionResponse> {
   const log = deps.log ?? ((line: string) => console.error(line));
   const prompt = deps.prompt ?? promptUserPermission;
+  const cwd = deps.cwd ?? process.cwd();
   const options = params.options ?? [];
   const toolTitle = params.toolCall?.title ?? "tool";
   const toolName = resolveToolNameForPermission(params);
-  const toolKind = resolveToolKindForPermission(params, toolName);
+  const toolKind = resolveToolKindForPermission(toolName);
 
   if (options.length === 0) {
     log(`[permission cancelled] ${toolName ?? "unknown"}: no options available`);
@@ -203,8 +277,8 @@ export async function resolvePermissionRequest(
 
   const allowOption = pickOption(options, ["allow_once", "allow_always"]);
   const rejectOption = pickOption(options, ["reject_once", "reject_always"]);
-  const isSafeKind = Boolean(toolKind && SAFE_AUTO_APPROVE_KINDS.has(toolKind));
-  const promptRequired = !toolName || !isSafeKind || DANGEROUS_ACP_TOOLS.has(toolName);
+  const autoApproveAllowed = shouldAutoApproveToolCall(params, toolName, toolTitle, cwd);
+  const promptRequired = !toolName || !autoApproveAllowed || DANGEROUS_ACP_TOOLS.has(toolName);
 
   if (!promptRequired) {
     const option = allowOption ?? options[0];
@@ -350,7 +424,7 @@ export async function createAcpClient(opts: AcpClientOptions = {}): Promise<AcpC
         printSessionUpdate(params);
       },
       requestPermission: async (params: RequestPermissionRequest) => {
-        return resolvePermissionRequest(params);
+        return resolvePermissionRequest(params, { cwd });
       },
     }),
     stream,
diff --git a/src/agents/tool-catalog.ts b/src/agents/tool-catalog.ts
index 0b0d37ae5ed..705656889cb 100644
--- a/src/agents/tool-catalog.ts
+++ b/src/agents/tool-catalog.ts
@@ -320,3 +320,7 @@ export function resolveCoreToolProfiles(toolId: string): ToolProfileId[] {
   }
   return [...tool.profiles];
 }
+
+export function isKnownCoreToolId(toolId: string): boolean {
+  return CORE_TOOL_BY_ID.has(toolId);
+}