From 5a12c627b474f9af84f2acb89d38a8affbe1714e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Quentin Fuxa <quentin.fuxa@gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 22 Feb 2026 23:27:40 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] feat: add 99-test unit test suite with zero model
 dependencies

Test suite covering:
- metrics.py: WER computation, timestamp accuracy, text normalization
- config.py: defaults, .en model detection, policy aliases, from_namespace
- timed_objects.py: ASRToken, Silence, Transcript, Segment, FrontData
- hypothesis_buffer.py: insert, flush, LCP matching, pop_committed
- silence_handling.py: state machine, double-counting regression test
- audio_processor.py: async pipeline with MockOnlineProcessor

All tests run in ~1.3s without downloading any ASR models.
Add pytest and pytest-asyncio as optional test dependencies.
Update .gitignore to allow tests/ directory.
---
 .gitignore                      |   6 +-
 pyproject.toml                  |   4 +-
 tests/__init__.py               |   0
 tests/conftest.py               |  58 +++++++++
 tests/test_audio_processor.py   | 209 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_config.py            |  99 +++++++++++++++
 tests/test_hypothesis_buffer.py | 172 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_metrics.py           | 147 ++++++++++++++++++++++
 tests/test_silence_handling.py  |  99 +++++++++++++++
 tests/test_timed_objects.py     | 185 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 10 files changed, 976 insertions(+), 3 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 tests/__init__.py
 create mode 100644 tests/conftest.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_audio_processor.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_config.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_hypothesis_buffer.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_metrics.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_silence_handling.py
 create mode 100644 tests/test_timed_objects.py

diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
index a015198..ecfdcd4 100644
--- a/.gitignore
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -119,9 +119,11 @@ run_*.sh
 *.pt 
 
 # Debug & testing
-test_*.py
+/test_*.py
+!test_backend_offline.py
 launch.json
 .DS_Store
-test/*
+/test/
+!tests/
 nllb-200-distilled-600M-ctranslate2/*
 *.mp3
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 74ade12..9a79780 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "whisperlivekit"
-version = "0.2.18"
+version = "0.2.19"
 description = "Real-time speech-to-text with speaker diarization using Whisper"
 readme = "README.md"
 authors = [
@@ -42,6 +42,7 @@ dependencies = [
 ]
 
 [project.optional-dependencies]
+test = ["pytest>=7.0", "pytest-asyncio>=0.21"]
 translation = ["nllw"]
 sentence_tokenizer = ["mosestokenizer", "wtpsplit"]
 voxtral-hf = ["transformers>=5.2.0", "mistral-common[audio]"]
@@ -64,6 +65,7 @@ packages = [
     "whisperlivekit.whisper.normalizers",
     "whisperlivekit.web",
     "whisperlivekit.local_agreement",
+    "whisperlivekit.voxtral_mlx",
     "whisperlivekit.silero_vad_models"
 ]
 
diff --git a/tests/__init__.py b/tests/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29
diff --git a/tests/conftest.py b/tests/conftest.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1a26f33
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/conftest.py
@@ -0,0 +1,58 @@
+"""Shared pytest fixtures for WhisperLiveKit tests."""
+
+import json
+from pathlib import Path
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+
+from whisperlivekit.timed_objects import ASRToken, Silence, Transcript
+
+
+AUDIO_TESTS_DIR = Path(__file__).parent.parent / "audio_tests"
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_tokens():
+    """A short sequence of ASRToken objects."""
+    return [
+        ASRToken(start=0.0, end=0.5, text="Hello"),
+        ASRToken(start=0.5, end=1.0, text=" world"),
+        ASRToken(start=1.0, end=1.5, text=" test."),
+    ]
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def sample_silence():
+    """A completed silence event."""
+    s = Silence(start=1.5, end=3.0, is_starting=False, has_ended=True)
+    s.compute_duration()
+    return s
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_args():
+    """Minimal args namespace for AudioProcessor tests."""
+    return SimpleNamespace(
+        diarization=False,
+        transcription=True,
+        target_language="",
+        vac=False,
+        vac_chunk_size=0.04,
+        min_chunk_size=0.1,
+        pcm_input=True,
+        punctuation_split=False,
+        backend="faster-whisper",
+        backend_policy="localagreement",
+        vad=True,
+    )
+
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def ground_truth_en():
+    """Ground truth transcript for the 7s English audio (if available)."""
+    path = AUDIO_TESTS_DIR / "00_00_07_english_1_speaker.transcript.json"
+    if path.exists():
+        with open(path) as f:
+            return json.load(f)
+    return None
diff --git a/tests/test_audio_processor.py b/tests/test_audio_processor.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..9286108
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_audio_processor.py
@@ -0,0 +1,209 @@
+"""Tests for AudioProcessor pipeline with mocked ASR backends.
+
+These tests verify the async audio processing pipeline works correctly
+without requiring any real ASR models to be loaded.
+"""
+
+import asyncio
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from unittest.mock import patch
+
+import numpy as np
+import pytest
+
+from whisperlivekit.timed_objects import ASRToken, Transcript
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Mock ASR components
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class MockASR:
+    """Mock ASR model holder."""
+    sep = " "
+    SAMPLING_RATE = 16000
+
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.transcribe_kargs = {}
+        self.original_language = "en"
+        self.backend_choice = "mock"
+
+    def transcribe(self, audio):
+        return None
+
+
+class MockOnlineProcessor:
+    """Mock online processor that returns canned tokens."""
+    SAMPLING_RATE = 16000
+
+    def __init__(self, asr=None):
+        self.asr = asr or MockASR()
+        self.audio_buffer = np.array([], dtype=np.float32)
+        self.end = 0.0
+        self._call_count = 0
+        self._finished = False
+
+    def insert_audio_chunk(self, audio, audio_stream_end_time):
+        self.audio_buffer = np.append(self.audio_buffer, audio)
+        self.end = audio_stream_end_time
+
+    def process_iter(self, is_last=False):
+        self._call_count += 1
+        # Emit a token on every call when we have audio
+        if len(self.audio_buffer) > 0:
+            t = self._call_count * 0.5
+            return [ASRToken(start=t, end=t + 0.5, text=f"word{self._call_count}")], self.end
+        return [], self.end
+
+    def get_buffer(self):
+        return Transcript(start=None, end=None, text="")
+
+    def start_silence(self):
+        return [], self.end
+
+    def end_silence(self, silence_duration, offset):
+        pass
+
+    def new_speaker(self, change_speaker):
+        pass
+
+    def finish(self):
+        self._finished = True
+        return [], self.end
+
+    def warmup(self, audio, init_prompt=""):
+        pass
+
+
+def _make_pcm_bytes(duration_s=0.1, sample_rate=16000):
+    """Generate silent PCM s16le bytes."""
+    n_samples = int(duration_s * sample_rate)
+    audio = np.zeros(n_samples, dtype=np.float32)
+    return (audio * 32768).clip(-32768, 32767).astype(np.int16).tobytes()
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Fixtures
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+@pytest.fixture
+def mock_engine():
+    """Create a mock TranscriptionEngine-like object."""
+    engine = SimpleNamespace(
+        asr=MockASR(),
+        diarization_model=None,
+        translation_model=None,
+        args=SimpleNamespace(
+            diarization=False,
+            transcription=True,
+            target_language="",
+            vac=False,
+            vac_chunk_size=0.04,
+            min_chunk_size=0.1,
+            pcm_input=True,
+            punctuation_split=False,
+            backend="mock",
+            backend_policy="localagreement",
+            vad=True,
+            model_size="base",
+            lan="en",
+        ),
+    )
+    return engine
+
+
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+# Tests
+# ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+class TestPCMConversion:
+    """Test PCM byte conversion without needing the full pipeline."""
+
+    def test_s16le_roundtrip(self):
+        """Convert float32 → s16le → float32 and verify approximate roundtrip."""
+        original = np.array([0.0, 0.5, -0.5, 1.0, -1.0], dtype=np.float32)
+        s16 = (original * 32768).clip(-32768, 32767).astype(np.int16)
+        pcm_bytes = s16.tobytes()
+        # Direct numpy conversion (same logic as AudioProcessor.convert_pcm_to_float)
+        recovered = np.frombuffer(pcm_bytes, dtype=np.int16).astype(np.float32) / 32768.0
+
+        np.testing.assert_allclose(recovered, original, atol=1 / 32768)
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+class TestPipelineBasics:
+    async def test_feed_audio_and_get_responses(self, mock_engine):
+        """Feed audio through the pipeline and verify we get responses."""
+        from whisperlivekit.audio_processor import AudioProcessor
+
+        with patch("whisperlivekit.audio_processor.online_factory", return_value=MockOnlineProcessor()):
+            processor = AudioProcessor(transcription_engine=mock_engine)
+            results_gen = await processor.create_tasks()
+
+            responses = []
+
+            async def collect():
+                async for resp in results_gen:
+                    responses.append(resp)
+
+            task = asyncio.create_task(collect())
+
+            # Feed 2 seconds of audio in 100ms chunks
+            for _ in range(20):
+                await processor.process_audio(_make_pcm_bytes(0.1))
+
+            # Signal EOF
+            await processor.process_audio(None)
+
+            await asyncio.wait_for(task, timeout=10.0)
+            await processor.cleanup()
+
+            # We should have gotten at least one response
+            assert len(responses) > 0
+
+    async def test_eof_terminates_pipeline(self, mock_engine):
+        """Sending None (EOF) should cleanly terminate the pipeline."""
+        from whisperlivekit.audio_processor import AudioProcessor
+
+        with patch("whisperlivekit.audio_processor.online_factory", return_value=MockOnlineProcessor()):
+            processor = AudioProcessor(transcription_engine=mock_engine)
+            results_gen = await processor.create_tasks()
+
+            responses = []
+
+            async def collect():
+                async for resp in results_gen:
+                    responses.append(resp)
+
+            task = asyncio.create_task(collect())
+
+            # Send a small amount of audio then EOF
+            await processor.process_audio(_make_pcm_bytes(0.5))
+            await processor.process_audio(None)
+
+            await asyncio.wait_for(task, timeout=10.0)
+            await processor.cleanup()
+
+            # Pipeline should have terminated without error
+            assert task.done()
+
+    async def test_empty_audio_no_crash(self, mock_engine):
+        """Sending EOF immediately (no audio) should not crash."""
+        from whisperlivekit.audio_processor import AudioProcessor
+
+        with patch("whisperlivekit.audio_processor.online_factory", return_value=MockOnlineProcessor()):
+            processor = AudioProcessor(transcription_engine=mock_engine)
+            results_gen = await processor.create_tasks()
+
+            responses = []
+
+            async def collect():
+                async for resp in results_gen:
+                    responses.append(resp)
+
+            task = asyncio.create_task(collect())
+            await processor.process_audio(None)
+
+            await asyncio.wait_for(task, timeout=10.0)
+            await processor.cleanup()
+            assert task.done()
diff --git a/tests/test_config.py b/tests/test_config.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..23f4c56
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_config.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""Tests for WhisperLiveKitConfig."""
+
+import logging
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+
+import pytest
+
+from whisperlivekit.config import WhisperLiveKitConfig
+
+
+class TestDefaults:
+    def test_default_backend(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig()
+        assert c.backend == "auto"
+
+    def test_default_policy(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig()
+        assert c.backend_policy == "simulstreaming"
+
+    def test_default_language(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig()
+        assert c.lan == "auto"
+
+    def test_default_vac(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig()
+        assert c.vac is True
+
+    def test_default_model_size(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig()
+        assert c.model_size == "base"
+
+    def test_default_transcription(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig()
+        assert c.transcription is True
+        assert c.diarization is False
+
+
+class TestPostInit:
+    def test_en_model_forces_english(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig(model_size="tiny.en")
+        assert c.lan == "en"
+
+    def test_en_suffix_with_auto_language(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig(model_size="base.en", lan="auto")
+        assert c.lan == "en"
+
+    def test_non_en_model_keeps_language(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig(model_size="base", lan="fr")
+        assert c.lan == "fr"
+
+    def test_policy_alias_1(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig(backend_policy="1")
+        assert c.backend_policy == "simulstreaming"
+
+    def test_policy_alias_2(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig(backend_policy="2")
+        assert c.backend_policy == "localagreement"
+
+    def test_policy_no_alias(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig(backend_policy="localagreement")
+        assert c.backend_policy == "localagreement"
+
+
+class TestFromNamespace:
+    def test_known_keys(self):
+        ns = SimpleNamespace(backend="faster-whisper", lan="en", model_size="large-v3")
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig.from_namespace(ns)
+        assert c.backend == "faster-whisper"
+        assert c.lan == "en"
+        assert c.model_size == "large-v3"
+
+    def test_ignores_unknown_keys(self):
+        ns = SimpleNamespace(backend="auto", unknown_key="value", another="x")
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig.from_namespace(ns)
+        assert c.backend == "auto"
+        assert not hasattr(c, "unknown_key")
+
+    def test_preserves_defaults_for_missing(self):
+        ns = SimpleNamespace(backend="voxtral-mlx")
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig.from_namespace(ns)
+        assert c.lan == "auto"
+        assert c.vac is True
+
+
+class TestFromKwargs:
+    def test_known_keys(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig.from_kwargs(backend="mlx-whisper", lan="fr")
+        assert c.backend == "mlx-whisper"
+        assert c.lan == "fr"
+
+    def test_warns_on_unknown_keys(self, caplog):
+        with caplog.at_level(logging.WARNING, logger="whisperlivekit.config"):
+            c = WhisperLiveKitConfig.from_kwargs(backend="auto", bogus="value")
+        assert c.backend == "auto"
+        assert "bogus" in caplog.text
+
+    def test_post_init_runs(self):
+        c = WhisperLiveKitConfig.from_kwargs(model_size="small.en")
+        assert c.lan == "en"
diff --git a/tests/test_hypothesis_buffer.py b/tests/test_hypothesis_buffer.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..732090a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_hypothesis_buffer.py
@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""Tests for HypothesisBuffer — the core of LocalAgreement policy."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from whisperlivekit.timed_objects import ASRToken
+from whisperlivekit.local_agreement.online_asr import HypothesisBuffer
+
+
+def make_tokens(words, start=0.0, step=0.5):
+    """Helper: create ASRToken list from word strings."""
+    tokens = []
+    t = start
+    for w in words:
+        tokens.append(ASRToken(start=t, end=t + step, text=w, probability=0.9))
+        t += step
+    return tokens
+
+
+class TestInsert:
+    def test_basic_insert(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        tokens = make_tokens(["hello", "world"])
+        buf.insert(tokens, offset=0.0)
+        assert len(buf.new) == 2
+        assert buf.new[0].text == "hello"
+
+    def test_insert_with_offset(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        tokens = make_tokens(["hello"], start=0.0)
+        buf.insert(tokens, offset=5.0)
+        assert buf.new[0].start == pytest.approx(5.0)
+
+    def test_insert_filters_old_tokens(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        buf.last_committed_time = 10.0
+        tokens = make_tokens(["old", "new"], start=5.0, step=3.0)
+        buf.insert(tokens, offset=0.0)
+        # "old" at 5.0 is before last_committed_time - 0.1 = 9.9 → filtered
+        # "new" at 8.0 is also before 9.9 → filtered
+        assert len(buf.new) == 0
+
+    def test_insert_deduplicates_committed(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        # Commit "hello"
+        tokens1 = make_tokens(["hello", "world"])
+        buf.insert(tokens1, offset=0.0)
+        buf.flush()  # commits "hello" (buffer was empty, so nothing matches)
+        # Actually with empty buffer, flush won't commit anything
+        # Let's do it properly: two rounds
+        buf2 = HypothesisBuffer()
+        first = make_tokens(["hello", "world"])
+        buf2.insert(first, offset=0.0)
+        buf2.flush()  # buffer was empty → no commits, buffer = ["hello", "world"]
+
+        second = make_tokens(["hello", "world", "test"])
+        buf2.insert(second, offset=0.0)
+        committed = buf2.flush()
+        # LCP of ["hello", "world"] and ["hello", "world", "test"] = ["hello", "world"]
+        assert len(committed) == 2
+        assert committed[0].text == "hello"
+        assert committed[1].text == "world"
+
+
+class TestFlush:
+    def test_flush_empty(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        committed = buf.flush()
+        assert committed == []
+
+    def test_flush_lcp_matching(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        # Round 1: establish buffer
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["hello", "world"]), offset=0.0)
+        buf.flush()  # buffer = ["hello", "world"], committed = []
+
+        # Round 2: same prefix, new suffix
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["hello", "world", "test"]), offset=0.0)
+        committed = buf.flush()
+        assert [t.text for t in committed] == ["hello", "world"]
+
+    def test_flush_no_match(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        # Round 1
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["hello", "world"]), offset=0.0)
+        buf.flush()
+
+        # Round 2: completely different
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["foo", "bar"]), offset=0.0)
+        committed = buf.flush()
+        assert committed == []
+
+    def test_flush_partial_match(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["hello", "world", "test"]), offset=0.0)
+        buf.flush()
+
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["hello", "earth", "again"]), offset=0.0)
+        committed = buf.flush()
+        assert len(committed) == 1
+        assert committed[0].text == "hello"
+
+    def test_flush_updates_last_committed(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["hello", "world"]), offset=0.0)
+        buf.flush()
+
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["hello", "world", "test"]), offset=0.0)
+        buf.flush()
+        assert buf.last_committed_word == "world"
+        assert buf.last_committed_time > 0
+
+    def test_flush_with_confidence_validation(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer(confidence_validation=True)
+        high_conf = [
+            ASRToken(start=0.0, end=0.5, text="sure", probability=0.99),
+            ASRToken(start=0.5, end=1.0, text="maybe", probability=0.5),
+        ]
+        buf.insert(high_conf, offset=0.0)
+        committed = buf.flush()
+        # "sure" has p>0.95 → committed immediately
+        assert len(committed) == 1
+        assert committed[0].text == "sure"
+
+
+class TestPopCommitted:
+    def test_pop_removes_old(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        buf.committed_in_buffer = make_tokens(["a", "b", "c"], start=0.0, step=1.0)
+        # "a": end=1.0, "b": end=2.0, "c": end=3.0
+        # pop_committed removes tokens with end <= time
+        buf.pop_committed(2.0)
+        # "a" (end=1.0) and "b" (end=2.0) removed, "c" (end=3.0) remains
+        assert len(buf.committed_in_buffer) == 1
+        assert buf.committed_in_buffer[0].text == "c"
+
+    def test_pop_nothing(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        buf.committed_in_buffer = make_tokens(["a", "b"], start=5.0)
+        buf.pop_committed(0.0)
+        assert len(buf.committed_in_buffer) == 2
+
+    def test_pop_all(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        buf.committed_in_buffer = make_tokens(["a", "b"], start=0.0, step=0.5)
+        buf.pop_committed(100.0)
+        assert len(buf.committed_in_buffer) == 0
+
+
+class TestStreamingSimulation:
+    """Multi-round insert/flush simulating real streaming behavior."""
+
+    def test_three_rounds(self):
+        buf = HypothesisBuffer()
+        all_committed = []
+
+        # Round 1: "this is"
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["this", "is"]), offset=0.0)
+        all_committed.extend(buf.flush())
+
+        # Round 2: "this is a test"
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["this", "is", "a", "test"]), offset=0.0)
+        all_committed.extend(buf.flush())
+
+        # Round 3: "this is a test today"
+        buf.insert(make_tokens(["this", "is", "a", "test", "today"]), offset=0.0)
+        all_committed.extend(buf.flush())
+
+        words = [t.text for t in all_committed]
+        assert "this" in words
+        assert "is" in words
+        assert "a" in words
+        assert "test" in words
diff --git a/tests/test_metrics.py b/tests/test_metrics.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..365e168
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_metrics.py
@@ -0,0 +1,147 @@
+"""Tests for whisperlivekit.metrics — WER, timestamp accuracy, normalization."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from whisperlivekit.metrics import compute_wer, compute_timestamp_accuracy, normalize_text
+
+
+class TestNormalizeText:
+    def test_lowercase(self):
+        assert normalize_text("Hello World") == "hello world"
+
+    def test_strip_punctuation(self):
+        assert normalize_text("Hello, world!") == "hello world"
+
+    def test_collapse_whitespace(self):
+        assert normalize_text("  hello   world  ") == "hello world"
+
+    def test_keep_hyphens(self):
+        assert normalize_text("real-time") == "real-time"
+
+    def test_keep_apostrophes(self):
+        assert normalize_text("don't") == "don't"
+
+    def test_unicode_normalized(self):
+        # e + combining accent should be same as precomposed
+        assert normalize_text("caf\u0065\u0301") == normalize_text("caf\u00e9")
+
+    def test_empty(self):
+        assert normalize_text("") == ""
+
+    def test_only_punctuation(self):
+        assert normalize_text("...!?") == ""
+
+
+class TestComputeWER:
+    def test_perfect_match(self):
+        result = compute_wer("hello world", "hello world")
+        assert result["wer"] == 0.0
+        assert result["substitutions"] == 0
+        assert result["insertions"] == 0
+        assert result["deletions"] == 0
+
+    def test_case_insensitive(self):
+        result = compute_wer("Hello World", "hello world")
+        assert result["wer"] == 0.0
+
+    def test_punctuation_ignored(self):
+        result = compute_wer("Hello, world!", "hello world")
+        assert result["wer"] == 0.0
+
+    def test_one_substitution(self):
+        result = compute_wer("hello world", "hello earth")
+        assert result["wer"] == pytest.approx(0.5)
+        assert result["substitutions"] == 1
+
+    def test_one_insertion(self):
+        result = compute_wer("hello world", "hello big world")
+        assert result["wer"] == pytest.approx(0.5)
+        assert result["insertions"] == 1
+
+    def test_one_deletion(self):
+        result = compute_wer("hello big world", "hello world")
+        assert result["wer"] == pytest.approx(1 / 3)
+        assert result["deletions"] == 1
+
+    def test_completely_different(self):
+        result = compute_wer("the cat sat", "a dog ran")
+        assert result["wer"] == pytest.approx(1.0)
+
+    def test_empty_reference(self):
+        result = compute_wer("", "hello")
+        assert result["wer"] == 1.0  # 1 insertion / 0 ref → treated as float(m)
+        assert result["ref_words"] == 0
+
+    def test_empty_hypothesis(self):
+        result = compute_wer("hello world", "")
+        assert result["wer"] == pytest.approx(1.0)
+        assert result["deletions"] == 2
+
+    def test_both_empty(self):
+        result = compute_wer("", "")
+        assert result["wer"] == 0.0
+
+    def test_ref_and_hyp_word_counts(self):
+        result = compute_wer("one two three", "one two three four")
+        assert result["ref_words"] == 3
+        assert result["hyp_words"] == 4
+
+
+class TestComputeTimestampAccuracy:
+    def test_perfect_match(self):
+        words = [
+            {"word": "hello", "start": 0.0, "end": 0.5},
+            {"word": "world", "start": 0.5, "end": 1.0},
+        ]
+        result = compute_timestamp_accuracy(words, words)
+        assert result["mae_start"] == 0.0
+        assert result["max_delta_start"] == 0.0
+        assert result["n_matched"] == 2
+
+    def test_constant_offset(self):
+        ref = [
+            {"word": "hello", "start": 0.0, "end": 0.5},
+            {"word": "world", "start": 0.5, "end": 1.0},
+        ]
+        pred = [
+            {"word": "hello", "start": 0.1, "end": 0.6},
+            {"word": "world", "start": 0.6, "end": 1.1},
+        ]
+        result = compute_timestamp_accuracy(pred, ref)
+        assert result["mae_start"] == pytest.approx(0.1)
+        assert result["max_delta_start"] == pytest.approx(0.1)
+        assert result["n_matched"] == 2
+
+    def test_mismatched_word_counts(self):
+        ref = [
+            {"word": "hello", "start": 0.0, "end": 0.5},
+            {"word": "beautiful", "start": 0.5, "end": 1.0},
+            {"word": "world", "start": 1.0, "end": 1.5},
+        ]
+        pred = [
+            {"word": "hello", "start": 0.0, "end": 0.5},
+            {"word": "world", "start": 1.1, "end": 1.6},
+        ]
+        result = compute_timestamp_accuracy(pred, ref)
+        assert result["n_matched"] == 2
+        assert result["n_ref"] == 3
+        assert result["n_pred"] == 2
+
+    def test_empty_predicted(self):
+        ref = [{"word": "hello", "start": 0.0, "end": 0.5}]
+        result = compute_timestamp_accuracy([], ref)
+        assert result["mae_start"] is None
+        assert result["n_matched"] == 0
+
+    def test_empty_reference(self):
+        pred = [{"word": "hello", "start": 0.0, "end": 0.5}]
+        result = compute_timestamp_accuracy(pred, [])
+        assert result["mae_start"] is None
+        assert result["n_matched"] == 0
+
+    def test_case_insensitive_matching(self):
+        ref = [{"word": "Hello", "start": 0.0, "end": 0.5}]
+        pred = [{"word": "hello", "start": 0.1, "end": 0.6}]
+        result = compute_timestamp_accuracy(pred, ref)
+        assert result["n_matched"] == 1
+        assert result["mae_start"] == pytest.approx(0.1)
diff --git a/tests/test_silence_handling.py b/tests/test_silence_handling.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..08028be
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_silence_handling.py
@@ -0,0 +1,99 @@
+"""Tests for silence handling — state machine and double-counting regression."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from whisperlivekit.timed_objects import Silence
+
+
+class TestSilenceStateMachine:
+    """Test Silence object state transitions."""
+
+    def test_initial_state(self):
+        s = Silence(start=1.0, is_starting=True)
+        assert s.is_starting is True
+        assert s.has_ended is False
+        assert s.duration is None
+        assert s.end is None
+
+    def test_end_silence(self):
+        s = Silence(start=1.0, is_starting=True)
+        s.end = 3.0
+        s.is_starting = False
+        s.has_ended = True
+        s.compute_duration()
+        assert s.duration == pytest.approx(2.0)
+
+    def test_very_short_silence(self):
+        s = Silence(start=1.0, end=1.01, is_starting=False, has_ended=True)
+        s.compute_duration()
+        assert s.duration == pytest.approx(0.01)
+
+    def test_zero_duration_silence(self):
+        s = Silence(start=5.0, end=5.0)
+        s.compute_duration()
+        assert s.duration == pytest.approx(0.0)
+
+
+class TestSilenceDoubleCounting:
+    """Regression tests for the silence double-counting bug.
+
+    The bug: _begin_silence and _end_silence both pushed self.current_silence
+    to the queue. Since they were the same Python object, _end_silence's mutation
+    affected the already-queued start event. The consumer processed both as
+    ended silences, doubling the duration.
+
+    Fix: _begin_silence now pushes a separate Silence object for the start event.
+    """
+
+    def test_start_and_end_are_separate_objects(self):
+        """Simulate the fix: start event and end event must be different objects."""
+        # Simulate _begin_silence: creates start event as separate object
+        current_silence = Silence(start=1.0, is_starting=True)
+        start_event = Silence(start=1.0, is_starting=True)  # separate copy
+
+        # Simulate _end_silence: mutates current_silence
+        current_silence.end = 3.0
+        current_silence.is_starting = False
+        current_silence.has_ended = True
+        current_silence.compute_duration()
+
+        # start_event should NOT be affected by mutations to current_silence
+        assert start_event.is_starting is True
+        assert start_event.has_ended is False
+        assert start_event.end is None
+
+        # current_silence (end event) has the final state
+        assert current_silence.has_ended is True
+        assert current_silence.duration == pytest.approx(2.0)
+
+    def test_single_object_would_cause_double_counting(self):
+        """Demonstrate the bug: if same object is used for both events."""
+        shared = Silence(start=1.0, is_starting=True)
+        queue = [shared]  # start event queued
+
+        # Mutate (simulates _end_silence)
+        shared.end = 3.0
+        shared.is_starting = False
+        shared.has_ended = True
+        shared.compute_duration()
+        queue.append(shared)  # end event queued
+
+        # Both queue items point to the SAME mutated object
+        assert queue[0] is queue[1]  # same reference
+        assert queue[0].has_ended is True  # start event also shows ended!
+
+        # This would cause double-counting: both items have has_ended=True
+        # and duration=2.0, so the consumer adds 2.0 twice = 4.0
+
+
+class TestConsecutiveSilences:
+    def test_multiple_silences(self):
+        """Multiple silence periods should have independent durations."""
+        s1 = Silence(start=1.0, end=2.0)
+        s1.compute_duration()
+        s2 = Silence(start=5.0, end=8.0)
+        s2.compute_duration()
+        assert s1.duration == pytest.approx(1.0)
+        assert s2.duration == pytest.approx(3.0)
+        # Total silence should be sum, not accumulated on single object
+        assert s1.duration + s2.duration == pytest.approx(4.0)
diff --git a/tests/test_timed_objects.py b/tests/test_timed_objects.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..559a1c3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/test_timed_objects.py
@@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
+"""Tests for whisperlivekit.timed_objects data classes."""
+
+import pytest
+
+from whisperlivekit.timed_objects import (
+    ASRToken,
+    FrontData,
+    Segment,
+    Silence,
+    TimedText,
+    Transcript,
+    format_time,
+)
+
+
+class TestFormatTime:
+    def test_zero(self):
+        assert format_time(0) == "0:00:00"
+
+    def test_one_minute(self):
+        assert format_time(60) == "0:01:00"
+
+    def test_one_hour(self):
+        assert format_time(3600) == "1:00:00"
+
+    def test_fractional_truncated(self):
+        assert format_time(61.9) == "0:01:01"
+
+
+class TestASRToken:
+    def test_with_offset(self):
+        t = ASRToken(start=1.0, end=2.0, text="hello")
+        shifted = t.with_offset(0.5)
+        assert shifted.start == pytest.approx(1.5)
+        assert shifted.end == pytest.approx(2.5)
+        assert shifted.text == "hello"
+
+    def test_with_offset_preserves_fields(self):
+        t = ASRToken(start=0.0, end=1.0, text="hi", speaker=2, probability=0.95)
+        shifted = t.with_offset(1.0)
+        assert shifted.speaker == 2
+        assert shifted.probability == 0.95
+
+    def test_is_silence_false(self):
+        t = ASRToken(start=0.0, end=1.0, text="hello")
+        assert t.is_silence() is False
+
+    def test_bool_truthy(self):
+        t = ASRToken(start=0.0, end=1.0, text="hello")
+        assert bool(t) is True
+
+    def test_bool_falsy(self):
+        t = ASRToken(start=0.0, end=1.0, text="")
+        assert bool(t) is False
+
+
+class TestTimedText:
+    def test_has_punctuation_period(self):
+        t = TimedText(text="hello.")
+        assert t.has_punctuation() is True
+
+    def test_has_punctuation_exclamation(self):
+        t = TimedText(text="wow!")
+        assert t.has_punctuation() is True
+
+    def test_has_punctuation_question(self):
+        t = TimedText(text="really?")
+        assert t.has_punctuation() is True
+
+    def test_has_punctuation_cjk(self):
+        t = TimedText(text="hello。")
+        assert t.has_punctuation() is True
+
+    def test_no_punctuation(self):
+        t = TimedText(text="hello world")
+        assert t.has_punctuation() is False
+
+    def test_duration(self):
+        t = TimedText(start=1.0, end=3.5)
+        assert t.duration() == pytest.approx(2.5)
+
+    def test_contains_timespan(self):
+        outer = TimedText(start=0.0, end=5.0)
+        inner = TimedText(start=1.0, end=3.0)
+        assert outer.contains_timespan(inner) is True
+        assert inner.contains_timespan(outer) is False
+
+
+class TestSilence:
+    def test_compute_duration(self):
+        s = Silence(start=1.0, end=3.5)
+        d = s.compute_duration()
+        assert d == pytest.approx(2.5)
+        assert s.duration == pytest.approx(2.5)
+
+    def test_compute_duration_none_start(self):
+        s = Silence(start=None, end=3.5)
+        d = s.compute_duration()
+        assert d is None
+
+    def test_compute_duration_none_end(self):
+        s = Silence(start=1.0, end=None)
+        d = s.compute_duration()
+        assert d is None
+
+    def test_is_silence_true(self):
+        s = Silence()
+        assert s.is_silence() is True
+
+
+class TestTranscript:
+    def test_from_tokens(self, sample_tokens):
+        t = Transcript.from_tokens(sample_tokens, sep="")
+        assert t.text == "Hello world test."
+        assert t.start == pytest.approx(0.0)
+        assert t.end == pytest.approx(1.5)
+
+    def test_from_tokens_with_sep(self, sample_tokens):
+        t = Transcript.from_tokens(sample_tokens, sep="|")
+        assert t.text == "Hello| world| test."
+
+    def test_from_empty_tokens(self):
+        t = Transcript.from_tokens([])
+        assert t.text == ""
+        assert t.start is None
+        assert t.end is None
+
+    def test_from_tokens_with_offset(self, sample_tokens):
+        t = Transcript.from_tokens(sample_tokens, offset=10.0)
+        assert t.start == pytest.approx(10.0)
+        assert t.end == pytest.approx(11.5)
+
+
+class TestSegment:
+    def test_from_tokens(self, sample_tokens):
+        seg = Segment.from_tokens(sample_tokens)
+        assert seg is not None
+        assert seg.text == "Hello world test."
+        assert seg.start == pytest.approx(0.0)
+        assert seg.end == pytest.approx(1.5)
+        assert seg.speaker == -1
+
+    def test_from_silence_tokens(self):
+        silences = [
+            Silence(start=1.0, end=2.0),
+            Silence(start=2.0, end=3.0),
+        ]
+        seg = Segment.from_tokens(silences, is_silence=True)
+        assert seg is not None
+        assert seg.speaker == -2
+        assert seg.is_silence() is True
+        assert seg.text is None
+
+    def test_from_empty_tokens(self):
+        seg = Segment.from_tokens([])
+        assert seg is None
+
+    def test_to_dict(self, sample_tokens):
+        seg = Segment.from_tokens(sample_tokens)
+        d = seg.to_dict()
+        assert "text" in d
+        assert "speaker" in d
+        assert "start" in d
+        assert "end" in d
+
+
+class TestFrontData:
+    def test_to_dict_empty(self):
+        fd = FrontData()
+        d = fd.to_dict()
+        assert d["lines"] == []
+        assert d["buffer_transcription"] == ""
+        assert "error" not in d
+
+    def test_to_dict_with_error(self):
+        fd = FrontData(error="something broke")
+        d = fd.to_dict()
+        assert d["error"] == "something broke"
+
+    def test_to_dict_with_lines(self, sample_tokens):
+        seg = Segment.from_tokens(sample_tokens)
+        fd = FrontData(lines=[seg])
+        d = fd.to_dict()
+        assert len(d["lines"]) == 1
+        assert d["lines"][0]["text"] == "Hello world test."