diff --git a/config.example.yaml b/config.example.yaml
index 40bb8721..348aabd8 100644
--- a/config.example.yaml
+++ b/config.example.yaml
@@ -187,6 +187,17 @@ nonstream-keepalive-interval: 0
 #     models: # The models supported by the provider.
 #       - name: "moonshotai/kimi-k2:free" # The actual model name.
 #         alias: "kimi-k2" # The alias used in the API.
+#       # You may repeat the same alias to build an internal model pool.
+#       # The client still sees only one alias in the model list.
+#       # Requests to that alias will round-robin across the upstream names below,
+#       # and if the chosen upstream fails before producing output, the request will
+#       # continue with the next upstream model in the same alias pool.
+#       - name: "qwen3.5-plus"
+#         alias: "claude-opus-4.66"
+#       - name: "glm-5"
+#         alias: "claude-opus-4.66"
+#       - name: "kimi-k2.5"
+#         alias: "claude-opus-4.66"
 
 # Vertex API keys (Vertex-compatible endpoints, use API key + base URL)
 # vertex-api-key:
diff --git a/internal/thinking/apply.go b/internal/thinking/apply.go
index b8a0fcae..c79ecd8e 100644
--- a/internal/thinking/apply.go
+++ b/internal/thinking/apply.go
@@ -257,7 +257,10 @@ func applyUserDefinedModel(body []byte, modelInfo *registry.ModelInfo, fromForma
 	if suffixResult.HasSuffix {
 		config = parseSuffixToConfig(suffixResult.RawSuffix, toFormat, modelID)
 	} else {
-		config = extractThinkingConfig(body, toFormat)
+		config = extractThinkingConfig(body, fromFormat)
+		if !hasThinkingConfig(config) && fromFormat != toFormat {
+			config = extractThinkingConfig(body, toFormat)
+		}
 	}
 
 	if !hasThinkingConfig(config) {
@@ -293,6 +296,9 @@ func normalizeUserDefinedConfig(config ThinkingConfig, fromFormat, toFormat stri
 	if config.Mode != ModeLevel {
 		return config
 	}
+	if toFormat == "claude" {
+		return config
+	}
 	if !isBudgetCapableProvider(toFormat) {
 		return config
 	}
diff --git a/internal/thinking/apply_user_defined_test.go b/internal/thinking/apply_user_defined_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..aa24ab8e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/internal/thinking/apply_user_defined_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
+package thinking_test
+
+import (
+	"testing"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/registry"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/thinking"
+	_ "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/thinking/provider/claude"
+	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
+)
+
+func TestApplyThinking_UserDefinedClaudePreservesAdaptiveLevel(t *testing.T) {
+	reg := registry.GetGlobalRegistry()
+	clientID := "test-user-defined-claude-" + t.Name()
+	modelID := "custom-claude-4-6"
+	reg.RegisterClient(clientID, "claude", []*registry.ModelInfo{{ID: modelID, UserDefined: true}})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		reg.UnregisterClient(clientID)
+	})
+
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		model string
+		body  []byte
+	}{
+		{
+			name:  "claude adaptive effort body",
+			model: modelID,
+			body:  []byte(`{"thinking":{"type":"adaptive"},"output_config":{"effort":"high"}}`),
+		},
+		{
+			name:  "suffix level",
+			model: modelID + "(high)",
+			body:  []byte(`{}`),
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			out, err := thinking.ApplyThinking(tt.body, tt.model, "openai", "claude", "claude")
+			if err != nil {
+				t.Fatalf("ApplyThinking() error = %v", err)
+			}
+			if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "thinking.type").String(); got != "adaptive" {
+				t.Fatalf("thinking.type = %q, want %q, body=%s", got, "adaptive", string(out))
+			}
+			if got := gjson.GetBytes(out, "output_config.effort").String(); got != "high" {
+				t.Fatalf("output_config.effort = %q, want %q, body=%s", got, "high", string(out))
+			}
+			if gjson.GetBytes(out, "thinking.budget_tokens").Exists() {
+				t.Fatalf("thinking.budget_tokens should be removed, body=%s", string(out))
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go
index ae5b745c..e31f3300 100644
--- a/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go
+++ b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/conductor.go
@@ -149,6 +149,9 @@ type Manager struct {
 	// Keyed by auth.ID, value is alias(lower) -> upstream model (including suffix).
 	apiKeyModelAlias atomic.Value
 
+	// modelPoolOffsets tracks per-auth alias pool rotation state.
+	modelPoolOffsets map[string]int
+
 	// runtimeConfig stores the latest application config for request-time decisions.
 	// It is initialized in NewManager; never Load() before first Store().
 	runtimeConfig atomic.Value
@@ -176,6 +179,7 @@ func NewManager(store Store, selector Selector, hook Hook) *Manager {
 		hook:             hook,
 		auths:            make(map[string]*Auth),
 		providerOffsets:  make(map[string]int),
+		modelPoolOffsets: make(map[string]int),
 		refreshSemaphore: make(chan struct{}, refreshMaxConcurrency),
 	}
 	// atomic.Value requires non-nil initial value.
@@ -251,16 +255,323 @@ func (m *Manager) lookupAPIKeyUpstreamModel(authID, requestedModel string) strin
 	if resolved == "" {
 		return ""
 	}
-	// Preserve thinking suffix from the client's requested model unless config already has one.
-	requestResult := thinking.ParseSuffix(requestedModel)
-	if thinking.ParseSuffix(resolved).HasSuffix {
-		return resolved
-	}
-	if requestResult.HasSuffix && requestResult.RawSuffix != "" {
-		return resolved + "(" + requestResult.RawSuffix + ")"
-	}
-	return resolved
+	return preserveRequestedModelSuffix(requestedModel, resolved)
+}
 
+func isAPIKeyAuth(auth *Auth) bool {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	kind, _ := auth.AccountInfo()
+	return strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(kind), "api_key")
+}
+
+func isOpenAICompatAPIKeyAuth(auth *Auth) bool {
+	if !isAPIKeyAuth(auth) {
+		return false
+	}
+	if strings.EqualFold(strings.TrimSpace(auth.Provider), "openai-compatibility") {
+		return true
+	}
+	if auth.Attributes == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	return strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["compat_name"]) != ""
+}
+
+func openAICompatProviderKey(auth *Auth) string {
+	if auth == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if auth.Attributes != nil {
+		if providerKey := strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["provider_key"]); providerKey != "" {
+			return strings.ToLower(providerKey)
+		}
+		if compatName := strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["compat_name"]); compatName != "" {
+			return strings.ToLower(compatName)
+		}
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(auth.Provider))
+}
+
+func openAICompatModelPoolKey(auth *Auth, requestedModel string) string {
+	base := strings.TrimSpace(thinking.ParseSuffix(requestedModel).ModelName)
+	if base == "" {
+		base = strings.TrimSpace(requestedModel)
+	}
+	return strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(auth.ID)) + "|" + openAICompatProviderKey(auth) + "|" + strings.ToLower(base)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) nextModelPoolOffset(key string, size int) int {
+	if m == nil || size <= 1 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	key = strings.TrimSpace(key)
+	if key == "" {
+		return 0
+	}
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	if m.modelPoolOffsets == nil {
+		m.modelPoolOffsets = make(map[string]int)
+	}
+	offset := m.modelPoolOffsets[key]
+	if offset >= 2_147_483_640 {
+		offset = 0
+	}
+	m.modelPoolOffsets[key] = offset + 1
+	if size <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return offset % size
+}
+
+func rotateStrings(values []string, offset int) []string {
+	if len(values) <= 1 {
+		return values
+	}
+	if offset <= 0 {
+		out := make([]string, len(values))
+		copy(out, values)
+		return out
+	}
+	offset = offset % len(values)
+	out := make([]string, 0, len(values))
+	out = append(out, values[offset:]...)
+	out = append(out, values[:offset]...)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) resolveOpenAICompatUpstreamModelPool(auth *Auth, requestedModel string) []string {
+	if m == nil || !isOpenAICompatAPIKeyAuth(auth) {
+		return nil
+	}
+	requestedModel = strings.TrimSpace(requestedModel)
+	if requestedModel == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	cfg, _ := m.runtimeConfig.Load().(*internalconfig.Config)
+	if cfg == nil {
+		cfg = &internalconfig.Config{}
+	}
+	providerKey := ""
+	compatName := ""
+	if auth.Attributes != nil {
+		providerKey = strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["provider_key"])
+		compatName = strings.TrimSpace(auth.Attributes["compat_name"])
+	}
+	entry := resolveOpenAICompatConfig(cfg, providerKey, compatName, auth.Provider)
+	if entry == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	return resolveModelAliasPoolFromConfigModels(requestedModel, asModelAliasEntries(entry.Models))
+}
+
+func preserveRequestedModelSuffix(requestedModel, resolved string) string {
+	return preserveResolvedModelSuffix(resolved, thinking.ParseSuffix(requestedModel))
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) executionModelCandidates(auth *Auth, routeModel string) []string {
+	return m.prepareExecutionModels(auth, routeModel)
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) prepareExecutionModels(auth *Auth, routeModel string) []string {
+	requestedModel := rewriteModelForAuth(routeModel, auth)
+	requestedModel = m.applyOAuthModelAlias(auth, requestedModel)
+	if pool := m.resolveOpenAICompatUpstreamModelPool(auth, requestedModel); len(pool) > 0 {
+		if len(pool) == 1 {
+			return pool
+		}
+		offset := m.nextModelPoolOffset(openAICompatModelPoolKey(auth, requestedModel), len(pool))
+		return rotateStrings(pool, offset)
+	}
+	resolved := m.applyAPIKeyModelAlias(auth, requestedModel)
+	if strings.TrimSpace(resolved) == "" {
+		resolved = requestedModel
+	}
+	return []string{resolved}
+}
+
+func discardStreamChunks(ch <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk) {
+	if ch == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	go func() {
+		for range ch {
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func readStreamBootstrap(ctx context.Context, ch <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk) ([]cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, bool, error) {
+	if ch == nil {
+		return nil, true, nil
+	}
+	buffered := make([]cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, 0, 1)
+	for {
+		var (
+			chunk cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk
+			ok    bool
+		)
+		if ctx != nil {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return nil, false, ctx.Err()
+			case chunk, ok = <-ch:
+			}
+		} else {
+			chunk, ok = <-ch
+		}
+		if !ok {
+			return buffered, true, nil
+		}
+		if chunk.Err != nil {
+			return nil, false, chunk.Err
+		}
+		buffered = append(buffered, chunk)
+		if len(chunk.Payload) > 0 {
+			return buffered, false, nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) wrapStreamResult(ctx context.Context, auth *Auth, provider, routeModel string, headers http.Header, buffered []cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, remaining <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk) *cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult {
+	out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
+	go func() {
+		defer close(out)
+		var failed bool
+		forward := true
+		emit := func(chunk cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk) bool {
+			if chunk.Err != nil && !failed {
+				failed = true
+				rerr := &Error{Message: chunk.Err.Error()}
+				if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](chunk.Err); ok && se != nil {
+					rerr.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
+				}
+				m.MarkResult(ctx, Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: false, Error: rerr})
+			}
+			if !forward {
+				return false
+			}
+			if ctx == nil {
+				out <- chunk
+				return true
+			}
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				forward = false
+				return false
+			case out <- chunk:
+				return true
+			}
+		}
+		for _, chunk := range buffered {
+			if ok := emit(chunk); !ok {
+				discardStreamChunks(remaining)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		for chunk := range remaining {
+			if ok := emit(chunk); !ok {
+				discardStreamChunks(remaining)
+				return
+			}
+		}
+		if !failed {
+			m.MarkResult(ctx, Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: true})
+		}
+	}()
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: headers, Chunks: out}
+}
+
+func (m *Manager) executeStreamWithModelPool(ctx context.Context, executor ProviderExecutor, auth *Auth, provider string, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options, routeModel string) (*cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, error) {
+	if executor == nil {
+		return nil, &Error{Code: "executor_not_found", Message: "executor not registered"}
+	}
+	execModels := m.prepareExecutionModels(auth, routeModel)
+	var lastErr error
+	for idx, execModel := range execModels {
+		execReq := req
+		execReq.Model = execModel
+		streamResult, errStream := executor.ExecuteStream(ctx, auth, execReq, opts)
+		if errStream != nil {
+			if errCtx := ctx.Err(); errCtx != nil {
+				return nil, errCtx
+			}
+			rerr := &Error{Message: errStream.Error()}
+			if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](errStream); ok && se != nil {
+				rerr.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
+			}
+			result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: false, Error: rerr}
+			result.RetryAfter = retryAfterFromError(errStream)
+			m.MarkResult(ctx, result)
+			if isRequestInvalidError(errStream) {
+				return nil, errStream
+			}
+			lastErr = errStream
+			continue
+		}
+
+		buffered, closed, bootstrapErr := readStreamBootstrap(ctx, streamResult.Chunks)
+		if bootstrapErr != nil {
+			if errCtx := ctx.Err(); errCtx != nil {
+				discardStreamChunks(streamResult.Chunks)
+				return nil, errCtx
+			}
+			if isRequestInvalidError(bootstrapErr) {
+				rerr := &Error{Message: bootstrapErr.Error()}
+				if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](bootstrapErr); ok && se != nil {
+					rerr.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
+				}
+				result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: false, Error: rerr}
+				result.RetryAfter = retryAfterFromError(bootstrapErr)
+				m.MarkResult(ctx, result)
+				discardStreamChunks(streamResult.Chunks)
+				return nil, bootstrapErr
+			}
+			if idx < len(execModels)-1 {
+				rerr := &Error{Message: bootstrapErr.Error()}
+				if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](bootstrapErr); ok && se != nil {
+					rerr.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
+				}
+				result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: false, Error: rerr}
+				result.RetryAfter = retryAfterFromError(bootstrapErr)
+				m.MarkResult(ctx, result)
+				discardStreamChunks(streamResult.Chunks)
+				lastErr = bootstrapErr
+				continue
+			}
+			errCh := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, 1)
+			errCh <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: bootstrapErr}
+			close(errCh)
+			return m.wrapStreamResult(ctx, auth.Clone(), provider, routeModel, streamResult.Headers, nil, errCh), nil
+		}
+
+		if closed && len(buffered) == 0 {
+			emptyErr := &Error{Code: "empty_stream", Message: "upstream stream closed before first payload", Retryable: true}
+			result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: false, Error: emptyErr}
+			m.MarkResult(ctx, result)
+			if idx < len(execModels)-1 {
+				lastErr = emptyErr
+				continue
+			}
+			errCh := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, 1)
+			errCh <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: emptyErr}
+			close(errCh)
+			return m.wrapStreamResult(ctx, auth.Clone(), provider, routeModel, streamResult.Headers, nil, errCh), nil
+		}
+
+		remaining := streamResult.Chunks
+		if closed {
+			closedCh := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
+			close(closedCh)
+			remaining = closedCh
+		}
+		return m.wrapStreamResult(ctx, auth.Clone(), provider, routeModel, streamResult.Headers, buffered, remaining), nil
+	}
+	if lastErr == nil {
+		lastErr = &Error{Code: "auth_not_found", Message: "no upstream model available"}
+	}
+	return nil, lastErr
 }
 
 func (m *Manager) rebuildAPIKeyModelAliasFromRuntimeConfig() {
@@ -634,32 +945,42 @@ func (m *Manager) executeMixedOnce(ctx context.Context, providers []string, req
 			execCtx = context.WithValue(execCtx, roundTripperContextKey{}, rt)
 			execCtx = context.WithValue(execCtx, "cliproxy.roundtripper", rt)
 		}
-		execReq := req
-		execReq.Model = rewriteModelForAuth(routeModel, auth)
-		execReq.Model = m.applyOAuthModelAlias(auth, execReq.Model)
-		execReq.Model = m.applyAPIKeyModelAlias(auth, execReq.Model)
-		resp, errExec := executor.Execute(execCtx, auth, execReq, opts)
-		result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: errExec == nil}
-		if errExec != nil {
-			if errCtx := execCtx.Err(); errCtx != nil {
-				return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errCtx
-			}
-			result.Error = &Error{Message: errExec.Error()}
-			if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](errExec); ok && se != nil {
-				result.Error.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
-			}
-			if ra := retryAfterFromError(errExec); ra != nil {
-				result.RetryAfter = ra
+
+		models := m.prepareExecutionModels(auth, routeModel)
+		var authErr error
+		for _, upstreamModel := range models {
+			execReq := req
+			execReq.Model = upstreamModel
+			resp, errExec := executor.Execute(execCtx, auth, execReq, opts)
+			result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: errExec == nil}
+			if errExec != nil {
+				if errCtx := execCtx.Err(); errCtx != nil {
+					return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errCtx
+				}
+				result.Error = &Error{Message: errExec.Error()}
+				if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](errExec); ok && se != nil {
+					result.Error.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
+				}
+				if ra := retryAfterFromError(errExec); ra != nil {
+					result.RetryAfter = ra
+				}
+				m.MarkResult(execCtx, result)
+				if isRequestInvalidError(errExec) {
+					return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errExec
+				}
+				authErr = errExec
+				continue
 			}
 			m.MarkResult(execCtx, result)
-			if isRequestInvalidError(errExec) {
-				return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errExec
+			return resp, nil
+		}
+		if authErr != nil {
+			if isRequestInvalidError(authErr) {
+				return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, authErr
 			}
-			lastErr = errExec
+			lastErr = authErr
 			continue
 		}
-		m.MarkResult(execCtx, result)
-		return resp, nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -696,32 +1017,42 @@ func (m *Manager) executeCountMixedOnce(ctx context.Context, providers []string,
 			execCtx = context.WithValue(execCtx, roundTripperContextKey{}, rt)
 			execCtx = context.WithValue(execCtx, "cliproxy.roundtripper", rt)
 		}
-		execReq := req
-		execReq.Model = rewriteModelForAuth(routeModel, auth)
-		execReq.Model = m.applyOAuthModelAlias(auth, execReq.Model)
-		execReq.Model = m.applyAPIKeyModelAlias(auth, execReq.Model)
-		resp, errExec := executor.CountTokens(execCtx, auth, execReq, opts)
-		result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: errExec == nil}
-		if errExec != nil {
-			if errCtx := execCtx.Err(); errCtx != nil {
-				return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errCtx
-			}
-			result.Error = &Error{Message: errExec.Error()}
-			if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](errExec); ok && se != nil {
-				result.Error.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
-			}
-			if ra := retryAfterFromError(errExec); ra != nil {
-				result.RetryAfter = ra
+
+		models := m.prepareExecutionModels(auth, routeModel)
+		var authErr error
+		for _, upstreamModel := range models {
+			execReq := req
+			execReq.Model = upstreamModel
+			resp, errExec := executor.CountTokens(execCtx, auth, execReq, opts)
+			result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: errExec == nil}
+			if errExec != nil {
+				if errCtx := execCtx.Err(); errCtx != nil {
+					return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errCtx
+				}
+				result.Error = &Error{Message: errExec.Error()}
+				if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](errExec); ok && se != nil {
+					result.Error.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
+				}
+				if ra := retryAfterFromError(errExec); ra != nil {
+					result.RetryAfter = ra
+				}
+				m.hook.OnResult(execCtx, result)
+				if isRequestInvalidError(errExec) {
+					return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errExec
+				}
+				authErr = errExec
+				continue
 			}
 			m.hook.OnResult(execCtx, result)
-			if isRequestInvalidError(errExec) {
-				return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, errExec
+			return resp, nil
+		}
+		if authErr != nil {
+			if isRequestInvalidError(authErr) {
+				return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, authErr
 			}
-			lastErr = errExec
+			lastErr = authErr
 			continue
 		}
-		m.hook.OnResult(execCtx, result)
-		return resp, nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -758,63 +1089,18 @@ func (m *Manager) executeStreamMixedOnce(ctx context.Context, providers []string
 			execCtx = context.WithValue(execCtx, roundTripperContextKey{}, rt)
 			execCtx = context.WithValue(execCtx, "cliproxy.roundtripper", rt)
 		}
-		execReq := req
-		execReq.Model = rewriteModelForAuth(routeModel, auth)
-		execReq.Model = m.applyOAuthModelAlias(auth, execReq.Model)
-		execReq.Model = m.applyAPIKeyModelAlias(auth, execReq.Model)
-		streamResult, errStream := executor.ExecuteStream(execCtx, auth, execReq, opts)
+		streamResult, errStream := m.executeStreamWithModelPool(execCtx, executor, auth, provider, req, opts, routeModel)
 		if errStream != nil {
 			if errCtx := execCtx.Err(); errCtx != nil {
 				return nil, errCtx
 			}
-			rerr := &Error{Message: errStream.Error()}
-			if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](errStream); ok && se != nil {
-				rerr.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
-			}
-			result := Result{AuthID: auth.ID, Provider: provider, Model: routeModel, Success: false, Error: rerr}
-			result.RetryAfter = retryAfterFromError(errStream)
-			m.MarkResult(execCtx, result)
 			if isRequestInvalidError(errStream) {
 				return nil, errStream
 			}
 			lastErr = errStream
 			continue
 		}
-		out := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk)
-		go func(streamCtx context.Context, streamAuth *Auth, streamProvider string, streamChunks <-chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk) {
-			defer close(out)
-			var failed bool
-			forward := true
-			for chunk := range streamChunks {
-				if chunk.Err != nil && !failed {
-					failed = true
-					rerr := &Error{Message: chunk.Err.Error()}
-					if se, ok := errors.AsType[cliproxyexecutor.StatusError](chunk.Err); ok && se != nil {
-						rerr.HTTPStatus = se.StatusCode()
-					}
-					m.MarkResult(streamCtx, Result{AuthID: streamAuth.ID, Provider: streamProvider, Model: routeModel, Success: false, Error: rerr})
-				}
-				if !forward {
-					continue
-				}
-				if streamCtx == nil {
-					out <- chunk
-					continue
-				}
-				select {
-				case <-streamCtx.Done():
-					forward = false
-				case out <- chunk:
-				}
-			}
-			if !failed {
-				m.MarkResult(streamCtx, Result{AuthID: streamAuth.ID, Provider: streamProvider, Model: routeModel, Success: true})
-			}
-		}(execCtx, auth.Clone(), provider, streamResult.Chunks)
-		return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{
-			Headers: streamResult.Headers,
-			Chunks:  out,
-		}, nil
+		return streamResult, nil
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1533,18 +1819,22 @@ func statusCodeFromResult(err *Error) int {
 }
 
 // isRequestInvalidError returns true if the error represents a client request
-// error that should not be retried. Specifically, it checks for 400 Bad Request
-// with "invalid_request_error" in the message, indicating the request itself is
-// malformed and switching to a different auth will not help.
+// error that should not be retried. Specifically, it treats 400 responses with
+// "invalid_request_error" and all 422 responses as request-shape failures,
+// where switching auths or pooled upstream models will not help.
 func isRequestInvalidError(err error) bool {
 	if err == nil {
 		return false
 	}
 	status := statusCodeFromError(err)
-	if status != http.StatusBadRequest {
+	switch status {
+	case http.StatusBadRequest:
+		return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid_request_error")
+	case http.StatusUnprocessableEntity:
+		return true
+	default:
 		return false
 	}
-	return strings.Contains(err.Error(), "invalid_request_error")
 }
 
 func applyAuthFailureState(auth *Auth, resultErr *Error, retryAfter *time.Duration, now time.Time) {
diff --git a/sdk/cliproxy/auth/oauth_model_alias.go b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/oauth_model_alias.go
index d5d2ff8a..77a11c19 100644
--- a/sdk/cliproxy/auth/oauth_model_alias.go
+++ b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/oauth_model_alias.go
@@ -80,54 +80,98 @@ func (m *Manager) applyOAuthModelAlias(auth *Auth, requestedModel string) string
 	return upstreamModel
 }
 
-func resolveModelAliasFromConfigModels(requestedModel string, models []modelAliasEntry) string {
+func modelAliasLookupCandidates(requestedModel string) (thinking.SuffixResult, []string) {
 	requestedModel = strings.TrimSpace(requestedModel)
 	if requestedModel == "" {
-		return ""
+		return thinking.SuffixResult{}, nil
 	}
-	if len(models) == 0 {
-		return ""
-	}
-
 	requestResult := thinking.ParseSuffix(requestedModel)
 	base := requestResult.ModelName
+	if base == "" {
+		base = requestedModel
+	}
 	candidates := []string{base}
 	if base != requestedModel {
 		candidates = append(candidates, requestedModel)
 	}
+	return requestResult, candidates
+}
 
-	preserveSuffix := func(resolved string) string {
-		resolved = strings.TrimSpace(resolved)
-		if resolved == "" {
-			return ""
-		}
-		if thinking.ParseSuffix(resolved).HasSuffix {
-			return resolved
-		}
-		if requestResult.HasSuffix && requestResult.RawSuffix != "" {
-			return resolved + "(" + requestResult.RawSuffix + ")"
-		}
+func preserveResolvedModelSuffix(resolved string, requestResult thinking.SuffixResult) string {
+	resolved = strings.TrimSpace(resolved)
+	if resolved == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if thinking.ParseSuffix(resolved).HasSuffix {
 		return resolved
 	}
+	if requestResult.HasSuffix && requestResult.RawSuffix != "" {
+		return resolved + "(" + requestResult.RawSuffix + ")"
+	}
+	return resolved
+}
 
+func resolveModelAliasPoolFromConfigModels(requestedModel string, models []modelAliasEntry) []string {
+	requestedModel = strings.TrimSpace(requestedModel)
+	if requestedModel == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	if len(models) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	requestResult, candidates := modelAliasLookupCandidates(requestedModel)
+	if len(candidates) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	out := make([]string, 0)
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
 	for i := range models {
 		name := strings.TrimSpace(models[i].GetName())
 		alias := strings.TrimSpace(models[i].GetAlias())
 		for _, candidate := range candidates {
-			if candidate == "" {
+			if candidate == "" || alias == "" || !strings.EqualFold(alias, candidate) {
 				continue
 			}
-			if alias != "" && strings.EqualFold(alias, candidate) {
-				if name != "" {
-					return preserveSuffix(name)
-				}
-				return preserveSuffix(candidate)
+			resolved := candidate
+			if name != "" {
+				resolved = name
 			}
-			if name != "" && strings.EqualFold(name, candidate) {
-				return preserveSuffix(name)
+			resolved = preserveResolvedModelSuffix(resolved, requestResult)
+			key := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(resolved))
+			if key == "" {
+				break
 			}
+			if _, exists := seen[key]; exists {
+				break
+			}
+			seen[key] = struct{}{}
+			out = append(out, resolved)
+			break
 		}
 	}
+	if len(out) > 0 {
+		return out
+	}
+
+	for i := range models {
+		name := strings.TrimSpace(models[i].GetName())
+		for _, candidate := range candidates {
+			if candidate == "" || name == "" || !strings.EqualFold(name, candidate) {
+				continue
+			}
+			return []string{preserveResolvedModelSuffix(name, requestResult)}
+		}
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+func resolveModelAliasFromConfigModels(requestedModel string, models []modelAliasEntry) string {
+	resolved := resolveModelAliasPoolFromConfigModels(requestedModel, models)
+	if len(resolved) > 0 {
+		return resolved[0]
+	}
 	return ""
 }
 
diff --git a/sdk/cliproxy/auth/openai_compat_pool_test.go b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/openai_compat_pool_test.go
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..5a5ecb4f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sdk/cliproxy/auth/openai_compat_pool_test.go
@@ -0,0 +1,419 @@
+package auth
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"net/http"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+
+	internalconfig "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/registry"
+	cliproxyexecutor "github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/sdk/cliproxy/executor"
+)
+
+type openAICompatPoolExecutor struct {
+	id string
+
+	mu                sync.Mutex
+	executeModels     []string
+	countModels       []string
+	streamModels      []string
+	executeErrors     map[string]error
+	countErrors       map[string]error
+	streamFirstErrors map[string]error
+	streamPayloads    map[string][]cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) Identifier() string { return e.id }
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) Execute(ctx context.Context, auth *Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	_ = auth
+	_ = opts
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	e.executeModels = append(e.executeModels, req.Model)
+	err := e.executeErrors[req.Model]
+	e.mu.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, err
+	}
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(req.Model)}, nil
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) ExecuteStream(ctx context.Context, auth *Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (*cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	_ = auth
+	_ = opts
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	e.streamModels = append(e.streamModels, req.Model)
+	err := e.streamFirstErrors[req.Model]
+	payloadChunks, hasCustomChunks := e.streamPayloads[req.Model]
+	chunks := append([]cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk(nil), payloadChunks...)
+	e.mu.Unlock()
+	ch := make(chan cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk, max(1, len(chunks)))
+	if err != nil {
+		ch <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Err: err}
+		close(ch)
+		return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: http.Header{"X-Model": {req.Model}}, Chunks: ch}, nil
+	}
+	if !hasCustomChunks {
+		ch <- cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{Payload: []byte(req.Model)}
+	} else {
+		for _, chunk := range chunks {
+			ch <- chunk
+		}
+	}
+	close(ch)
+	return &cliproxyexecutor.StreamResult{Headers: http.Header{"X-Model": {req.Model}}, Chunks: ch}, nil
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) Refresh(_ context.Context, auth *Auth) (*Auth, error) {
+	return auth, nil
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) CountTokens(ctx context.Context, auth *Auth, req cliproxyexecutor.Request, opts cliproxyexecutor.Options) (cliproxyexecutor.Response, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	_ = auth
+	_ = opts
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	e.countModels = append(e.countModels, req.Model)
+	err := e.countErrors[req.Model]
+	e.mu.Unlock()
+	if err != nil {
+		return cliproxyexecutor.Response{}, err
+	}
+	return cliproxyexecutor.Response{Payload: []byte(req.Model)}, nil
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) HttpRequest(ctx context.Context, auth *Auth, req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	_ = ctx
+	_ = auth
+	_ = req
+	return nil, &Error{HTTPStatus: http.StatusNotImplemented, Message: "HttpRequest not implemented"}
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) ExecuteModels() []string {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]string, len(e.executeModels))
+	copy(out, e.executeModels)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) CountModels() []string {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]string, len(e.countModels))
+	copy(out, e.countModels)
+	return out
+}
+
+func (e *openAICompatPoolExecutor) StreamModels() []string {
+	e.mu.Lock()
+	defer e.mu.Unlock()
+	out := make([]string, len(e.streamModels))
+	copy(out, e.streamModels)
+	return out
+}
+
+func newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t *testing.T, alias string, models []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel, executor *openAICompatPoolExecutor) *Manager {
+	t.Helper()
+	cfg := &internalconfig.Config{
+		OpenAICompatibility: []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibility{{
+			Name:   "pool",
+			Models: models,
+		}},
+	}
+	m := NewManager(nil, nil, nil)
+	m.SetConfig(cfg)
+	if executor == nil {
+		executor = &openAICompatPoolExecutor{id: "pool"}
+	}
+	m.RegisterExecutor(executor)
+
+	auth := &Auth{
+		ID:       "pool-auth-" + t.Name(),
+		Provider: "pool",
+		Status:   StatusActive,
+		Attributes: map[string]string{
+			"api_key":      "test-key",
+			"compat_name":  "pool",
+			"provider_key": "pool",
+		},
+	}
+	if _, err := m.Register(context.Background(), auth); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("register auth: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	reg := registry.GetGlobalRegistry()
+	reg.RegisterClient(auth.ID, "pool", []*registry.ModelInfo{{ID: alias}})
+	t.Cleanup(func() {
+		reg.UnregisterClient(auth.ID)
+	})
+	return m
+}
+
+func TestManagerExecuteCount_OpenAICompatAliasPoolStopsOnInvalidRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	invalidErr := &Error{HTTPStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, Message: "unprocessable entity"}
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{
+		id:          "pool",
+		countErrors: map[string]error{"qwen3.5-plus": invalidErr},
+	}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	_, err := m.ExecuteCount(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+	if err == nil || err.Error() != invalidErr.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("execute count error = %v, want %v", err, invalidErr)
+	}
+	got := executor.CountModels()
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "qwen3.5-plus" {
+		t.Fatalf("count calls = %v, want only first invalid model", got)
+	}
+}
+func TestResolveModelAliasPoolFromConfigModels(t *testing.T) {
+	models := []modelAliasEntry{
+		internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: "claude-opus-4.66"},
+		internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{Name: "glm-5", Alias: "claude-opus-4.66"},
+		internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{Name: "kimi-k2.5", Alias: "claude-opus-4.66"},
+	}
+	got := resolveModelAliasPoolFromConfigModels("claude-opus-4.66(8192)", models)
+	want := []string{"qwen3.5-plus(8192)", "glm-5(8192)", "kimi-k2.5(8192)"}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("pool len = %d, want %d (%v)", len(got), len(want), got)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("pool[%d] = %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagerExecute_OpenAICompatAliasPoolRotatesWithinAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{id: "pool"}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 3; i++ {
+		resp, err := m.Execute(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("execute %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if len(resp.Payload) == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("execute %d returned empty payload", i)
+		}
+	}
+
+	got := executor.ExecuteModels()
+	want := []string{"qwen3.5-plus", "glm-5", "qwen3.5-plus"}
+	if len(got) != len(want) {
+		t.Fatalf("execute calls = %v, want %v", got, want)
+	}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("execute call %d model = %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagerExecute_OpenAICompatAliasPoolStopsOnBadRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	invalidErr := &Error{HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest, Message: "invalid_request_error: malformed payload"}
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{
+		id:            "pool",
+		executeErrors: map[string]error{"qwen3.5-plus": invalidErr},
+	}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	_, err := m.Execute(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+	if err == nil || err.Error() != invalidErr.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("execute error = %v, want %v", err, invalidErr)
+	}
+	got := executor.ExecuteModels()
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "qwen3.5-plus" {
+		t.Fatalf("execute calls = %v, want only first invalid model", got)
+	}
+}
+func TestManagerExecute_OpenAICompatAliasPoolFallsBackWithinSameAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{
+		id:            "pool",
+		executeErrors: map[string]error{"qwen3.5-plus": &Error{HTTPStatus: http.StatusTooManyRequests, Message: "quota"}},
+	}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	resp, err := m.Execute(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute: %v", err)
+	}
+	if string(resp.Payload) != "glm-5" {
+		t.Fatalf("payload = %q, want %q", string(resp.Payload), "glm-5")
+	}
+	got := executor.ExecuteModels()
+	want := []string{"qwen3.5-plus", "glm-5"}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("execute call %d model = %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagerExecuteStream_OpenAICompatAliasPoolRetriesOnEmptyBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{
+		id: "pool",
+		streamPayloads: map[string][]cliproxyexecutor.StreamChunk{
+			"qwen3.5-plus": {},
+		},
+	}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	streamResult, err := m.ExecuteStream(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute stream: %v", err)
+	}
+	var payload []byte
+	for chunk := range streamResult.Chunks {
+		if chunk.Err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected stream error: %v", chunk.Err)
+		}
+		payload = append(payload, chunk.Payload...)
+	}
+	if string(payload) != "glm-5" {
+		t.Fatalf("payload = %q, want %q", string(payload), "glm-5")
+	}
+	got := executor.StreamModels()
+	want := []string{"qwen3.5-plus", "glm-5"}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("stream call %d model = %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagerExecuteStream_OpenAICompatAliasPoolFallsBackBeforeFirstByte(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{
+		id:                "pool",
+		streamFirstErrors: map[string]error{"qwen3.5-plus": &Error{HTTPStatus: http.StatusTooManyRequests, Message: "quota"}},
+	}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	streamResult, err := m.ExecuteStream(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("execute stream: %v", err)
+	}
+	var payload []byte
+	for chunk := range streamResult.Chunks {
+		if chunk.Err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected stream error: %v", chunk.Err)
+		}
+		payload = append(payload, chunk.Payload...)
+	}
+	if string(payload) != "glm-5" {
+		t.Fatalf("payload = %q, want %q", string(payload), "glm-5")
+	}
+	got := executor.StreamModels()
+	want := []string{"qwen3.5-plus", "glm-5"}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("stream call %d model = %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+	if gotHeader := streamResult.Headers.Get("X-Model"); gotHeader != "glm-5" {
+		t.Fatalf("header X-Model = %q, want %q", gotHeader, "glm-5")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagerExecuteStream_OpenAICompatAliasPoolStopsOnInvalidRequest(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	invalidErr := &Error{HTTPStatus: http.StatusUnprocessableEntity, Message: "unprocessable entity"}
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{
+		id:                "pool",
+		streamFirstErrors: map[string]error{"qwen3.5-plus": invalidErr},
+	}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	_, err := m.ExecuteStream(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+	if err == nil || err.Error() != invalidErr.Error() {
+		t.Fatalf("execute stream error = %v, want %v", err, invalidErr)
+	}
+	got := executor.StreamModels()
+	if len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "qwen3.5-plus" {
+		t.Fatalf("stream calls = %v, want only first invalid model", got)
+	}
+}
+func TestManagerExecuteCount_OpenAICompatAliasPoolRotatesWithinAuth(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{id: "pool"}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	for i := 0; i < 2; i++ {
+		resp, err := m.ExecuteCount(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+		if err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("execute count %d: %v", i, err)
+		}
+		if len(resp.Payload) == 0 {
+			t.Fatalf("execute count %d returned empty payload", i)
+		}
+	}
+
+	got := executor.CountModels()
+	want := []string{"qwen3.5-plus", "glm-5"}
+	for i := range want {
+		if got[i] != want[i] {
+			t.Fatalf("count call %d model = %q, want %q", i, got[i], want[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestManagerExecuteStream_OpenAICompatAliasPoolStopsOnInvalidBootstrap(t *testing.T) {
+	alias := "claude-opus-4.66"
+	invalidErr := &Error{HTTPStatus: http.StatusBadRequest, Message: "invalid_request_error: malformed payload"}
+	executor := &openAICompatPoolExecutor{
+		id:                "pool",
+		streamFirstErrors: map[string]error{"qwen3.5-plus": invalidErr},
+	}
+	m := newOpenAICompatPoolTestManager(t, alias, []internalconfig.OpenAICompatibilityModel{
+		{Name: "qwen3.5-plus", Alias: alias},
+		{Name: "glm-5", Alias: alias},
+	}, executor)
+
+	streamResult, err := m.ExecuteStream(context.Background(), []string{"pool"}, cliproxyexecutor.Request{Model: alias}, cliproxyexecutor.Options{})
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected invalid request error")
+	}
+	if err != invalidErr {
+		t.Fatalf("error = %v, want %v", err, invalidErr)
+	}
+	if streamResult != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("streamResult = %#v, want nil on invalid bootstrap", streamResult)
+	}
+	if got := executor.StreamModels(); len(got) != 1 || got[0] != "qwen3.5-plus" {
+		t.Fatalf("stream calls = %v, want only first upstream model", got)
+	}
+}