Merge branch 'main' into plus

internal/auth/claude/oauth_server.go

@@ -242,6 +242,11 @@ func (s *OAuthServer) handleSuccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		platformURL = "https://console.anthropic.com/"
 	}
 
+	// Validate platformURL to prevent XSS - only allow http/https URLs
+	if !isValidURL(platformURL) {
+		platformURL = "https://console.anthropic.com/"
+	}
+
 	// Generate success page HTML with dynamic content
 	successHTML := s.generateSuccessHTML(setupRequired, platformURL)
 
@@ -251,6 +256,12 @@ func (s *OAuthServer) handleSuccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 }
 
+// isValidURL checks if the URL is a valid http/https URL to prevent XSS
+func isValidURL(urlStr string) bool {
+	urlStr = strings.TrimSpace(urlStr)
+	return strings.HasPrefix(urlStr, "https://") || strings.HasPrefix(urlStr, "http://")
+}
+
 // generateSuccessHTML creates the HTML content for the success page.
 // It customizes the page based on whether additional setup is required
 // and includes a link to the platform.

internal/auth/codex/oauth_server.go

@@ -239,6 +239,11 @@ func (s *OAuthServer) handleSuccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 		platformURL = "https://platform.openai.com"
 	}
 
+	// Validate platformURL to prevent XSS - only allow http/https URLs
+	if !isValidURL(platformURL) {
+		platformURL = "https://platform.openai.com"
+	}
+
 	// Generate success page HTML with dynamic content
 	successHTML := s.generateSuccessHTML(setupRequired, platformURL)
 
@@ -248,6 +253,12 @@ func (s *OAuthServer) handleSuccess(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
 	}
 }
 
+// isValidURL checks if the URL is a valid http/https URL to prevent XSS
+func isValidURL(urlStr string) bool {
+	urlStr = strings.TrimSpace(urlStr)
+	return strings.HasPrefix(urlStr, "https://") || strings.HasPrefix(urlStr, "http://")
+}
+
 // generateSuccessHTML creates the HTML content for the success page.
 // It customizes the page based on whether additional setup is required
 // and includes a link to the platform.

internal/auth/copilot/copilot_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// Package copilot provides authentication and token management for GitHub Copilot API.
+// It handles the OAuth2 device flow for secure authentication with the Copilot API.
+package copilot
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	// copilotAPITokenURL is the endpoint for getting Copilot API tokens from GitHub token.
+	copilotAPITokenURL = "https://api.github.com/copilot_internal/v2/token"
+	// copilotAPIEndpoint is the base URL for making API requests.
+	copilotAPIEndpoint = "https://api.githubcopilot.com"
+
+	// Common HTTP header values for Copilot API requests.
+	copilotUserAgent       = "GithubCopilot/1.0"
+	copilotEditorVersion   = "vscode/1.100.0"
+	copilotPluginVersion   = "copilot/1.300.0"
+	copilotIntegrationID   = "vscode-chat"
+	copilotOpenAIIntent    = "conversation-panel"
+)
+
+// CopilotAPIToken represents the Copilot API token response.
+type CopilotAPIToken struct {
+	// Token is the JWT token for authenticating with the Copilot API.
+	Token string `json:"token"`
+	// ExpiresAt is the Unix timestamp when the token expires.
+	ExpiresAt int64 `json:"expires_at"`
+	// Endpoints contains the available API endpoints.
+	Endpoints struct {
+		API           string `json:"api"`
+		Proxy         string `json:"proxy"`
+		OriginTracker string `json:"origin-tracker"`
+		Telemetry     string `json:"telemetry"`
+	} `json:"endpoints,omitempty"`
+	// ErrorDetails contains error information if the request failed.
+	ErrorDetails *struct {
+		URL              string `json:"url"`
+		Message          string `json:"message"`
+		DocumentationURL string `json:"documentation_url"`
+	} `json:"error_details,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// CopilotAuth handles GitHub Copilot authentication flow.
+// It provides methods for device flow authentication and token management.
+type CopilotAuth struct {
+	httpClient   *http.Client
+	deviceClient *DeviceFlowClient
+	cfg          *config.Config
+}
+
+// NewCopilotAuth creates a new CopilotAuth service instance.
+// It initializes an HTTP client with proxy settings from the provided configuration.
+func NewCopilotAuth(cfg *config.Config) *CopilotAuth {
+	return &CopilotAuth{
+		httpClient:   util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}),
+		deviceClient: NewDeviceFlowClient(cfg),
+		cfg:          cfg,
+	}
+}
+
+// StartDeviceFlow initiates the device flow authentication.
+// Returns the device code response containing the user code and verification URI.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) StartDeviceFlow(ctx context.Context) (*DeviceCodeResponse, error) {
+	return c.deviceClient.RequestDeviceCode(ctx)
+}
+
+// WaitForAuthorization polls for user authorization and returns the auth bundle.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) WaitForAuthorization(ctx context.Context, deviceCode *DeviceCodeResponse) (*CopilotAuthBundle, error) {
+	tokenData, err := c.deviceClient.PollForToken(ctx, deviceCode)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// Fetch the GitHub username
+	userInfo, err := c.deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, tokenData.AccessToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("copilot: failed to fetch user info: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	username := userInfo.Login
+	if username == "" {
+		username = "github-user"
+	}
+
+	return &CopilotAuthBundle{
+		TokenData: tokenData,
+		Username:  username,
+		Email:     userInfo.Email,
+		Name:      userInfo.Name,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GetCopilotAPIToken exchanges a GitHub access token for a Copilot API token.
+// This token is used to make authenticated requests to the Copilot API.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) GetCopilotAPIToken(ctx context.Context, githubAccessToken string) (*CopilotAPIToken, error) {
+	if githubAccessToken == "" {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, fmt.Errorf("github access token is empty"))
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, copilotAPITokenURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "token "+githubAccessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", copilotUserAgent)
+	req.Header.Set("Editor-Version", copilotEditorVersion)
+	req.Header.Set("Editor-Plugin-Version", copilotPluginVersion)
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("copilot api token: close body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+
+	if !isHTTPSuccess(resp.StatusCode) {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed,
+			fmt.Errorf("status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(bodyBytes)))
+	}
+
+	var apiToken CopilotAPIToken
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &apiToken); err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+
+	if apiToken.Token == "" {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, fmt.Errorf("empty copilot api token"))
+	}
+
+	return &apiToken, nil
+}
+
+// ValidateToken checks if a GitHub access token is valid by attempting to fetch user info.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) ValidateToken(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) (bool, string, error) {
+	if accessToken == "" {
+		return false, "", nil
+	}
+
+	userInfo, err := c.deviceClient.FetchUserInfo(ctx, accessToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, "", err
+	}
+
+	return true, userInfo.Login, nil
+}
+
+// CreateTokenStorage creates a new CopilotTokenStorage from auth bundle.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) CreateTokenStorage(bundle *CopilotAuthBundle) *CopilotTokenStorage {
+	return &CopilotTokenStorage{
+		AccessToken: bundle.TokenData.AccessToken,
+		TokenType:   bundle.TokenData.TokenType,
+		Scope:       bundle.TokenData.Scope,
+		Username:    bundle.Username,
+		Email:       bundle.Email,
+		Name:        bundle.Name,
+		Type:        "github-copilot",
+	}
+}
+
+// LoadAndValidateToken loads a token from storage and validates it.
+// Returns the storage if valid, or an error if the token is invalid or expired.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) LoadAndValidateToken(ctx context.Context, storage *CopilotTokenStorage) (bool, error) {
+	if storage == nil || storage.AccessToken == "" {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("no token available")
+	}
+
+	// Check if we can still use the GitHub token to get a Copilot API token
+	apiToken, err := c.GetCopilotAPIToken(ctx, storage.AccessToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return false, err
+	}
+
+	// Check if the API token is expired
+	if apiToken.ExpiresAt > 0 && time.Now().Unix() >= apiToken.ExpiresAt {
+		return false, fmt.Errorf("copilot api token expired")
+	}
+
+	return true, nil
+}
+
+// GetAPIEndpoint returns the Copilot API endpoint URL.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) GetAPIEndpoint() string {
+	return copilotAPIEndpoint
+}
+
+// MakeAuthenticatedRequest creates an authenticated HTTP request to the Copilot API.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) MakeAuthenticatedRequest(ctx context.Context, method, url string, body io.Reader, apiToken *CopilotAPIToken) (*http.Request, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, method, url, body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiToken.Token)
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", copilotUserAgent)
+	req.Header.Set("Editor-Version", copilotEditorVersion)
+	req.Header.Set("Editor-Plugin-Version", copilotPluginVersion)
+	req.Header.Set("Openai-Intent", copilotOpenAIIntent)
+	req.Header.Set("Copilot-Integration-Id", copilotIntegrationID)
+
+	return req, nil
+}
+
+// CopilotModelEntry represents a single model entry returned by the Copilot /models API.
+type CopilotModelEntry struct {
+	ID           string         `json:"id"`
+	Object       string         `json:"object"`
+	Created      int64          `json:"created"`
+	OwnedBy      string         `json:"owned_by"`
+	Name         string         `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Version      string         `json:"version,omitempty"`
+	Capabilities map[string]any `json:"capabilities,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// CopilotModelsResponse represents the response from the Copilot /models endpoint.
+type CopilotModelsResponse struct {
+	Data   []CopilotModelEntry `json:"data"`
+	Object string              `json:"object"`
+}
+
+// maxModelsResponseSize is the maximum allowed response size from the /models endpoint (2 MB).
+const maxModelsResponseSize = 2 * 1024 * 1024
+
+// allowedCopilotAPIHosts is the set of hosts that are considered safe for Copilot API requests.
+var allowedCopilotAPIHosts = map[string]bool{
+	"api.githubcopilot.com":          true,
+	"api.individual.githubcopilot.com": true,
+	"api.business.githubcopilot.com":   true,
+	"copilot-proxy.githubusercontent.com": true,
+}
+
+// ListModels fetches the list of available models from the Copilot API.
+// It requires a valid Copilot API token (not the GitHub access token).
+func (c *CopilotAuth) ListModels(ctx context.Context, apiToken *CopilotAPIToken) ([]CopilotModelEntry, error) {
+	if apiToken == nil || apiToken.Token == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copilot: api token is required for listing models")
+	}
+
+	// Build models URL, validating the endpoint host to prevent SSRF.
+	modelsURL := copilotAPIEndpoint + "/models"
+	if ep := strings.TrimRight(apiToken.Endpoints.API, "/"); ep != "" {
+		parsed, err := url.Parse(ep)
+		if err == nil && parsed.Scheme == "https" && allowedCopilotAPIHosts[parsed.Host] {
+			modelsURL = ep + "/models"
+		} else {
+			log.Warnf("copilot: ignoring untrusted API endpoint %q, using default", ep)
+		}
+	}
+
+	req, err := c.MakeAuthenticatedRequest(ctx, http.MethodGet, modelsURL, nil, apiToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copilot: failed to create models request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copilot: models request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("copilot list models: close body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	// Limit response body to prevent memory exhaustion.
+	limitedReader := io.LimitReader(resp.Body, maxModelsResponseSize)
+	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(limitedReader)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copilot: failed to read models response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if !isHTTPSuccess(resp.StatusCode) {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copilot: list models failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(bodyBytes))
+	}
+
+	var modelsResp CopilotModelsResponse
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &modelsResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copilot: failed to parse models response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return modelsResp.Data, nil
+}
+
+// ListModelsWithGitHubToken is a convenience method that exchanges a GitHub access token
+// for a Copilot API token and then fetches the available models.
+func (c *CopilotAuth) ListModelsWithGitHubToken(ctx context.Context, githubAccessToken string) ([]CopilotModelEntry, error) {
+	apiToken, err := c.GetCopilotAPIToken(ctx, githubAccessToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("copilot: failed to get API token for model listing: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return c.ListModels(ctx, apiToken)
+}
+
+// buildChatCompletionURL builds the URL for chat completions API.
+func buildChatCompletionURL() string {
+	return copilotAPIEndpoint + "/chat/completions"
+}
+
+// isHTTPSuccess checks if the status code indicates success (2xx).
+func isHTTPSuccess(statusCode int) bool {
+	return statusCode >= 200 && statusCode < 300
+}

internal/auth/copilot/errors.go

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package copilot
+
+import (
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+)
+
+// OAuthError represents an OAuth-specific error.
+type OAuthError struct {
+	// Code is the OAuth error code.
+	Code string `json:"error"`
+	// Description is a human-readable description of the error.
+	Description string `json:"error_description,omitempty"`
+	// URI is a URI identifying a human-readable web page with information about the error.
+	URI string `json:"error_uri,omitempty"`
+	// StatusCode is the HTTP status code associated with the error.
+	StatusCode int `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// Error returns a string representation of the OAuth error.
+func (e *OAuthError) Error() string {
+	if e.Description != "" {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("OAuth error %s: %s", e.Code, e.Description)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("OAuth error: %s", e.Code)
+}
+
+// NewOAuthError creates a new OAuth error with the specified code, description, and status code.
+func NewOAuthError(code, description string, statusCode int) *OAuthError {
+	return &OAuthError{
+		Code:        code,
+		Description: description,
+		StatusCode:  statusCode,
+	}
+}
+
+// AuthenticationError represents authentication-related errors.
+type AuthenticationError struct {
+	// Type is the type of authentication error.
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+	// Message is a human-readable message describing the error.
+	Message string `json:"message"`
+	// Code is the HTTP status code associated with the error.
+	Code int `json:"code"`
+	// Cause is the underlying error that caused this authentication error.
+	Cause error `json:"-"`
+}
+
+// Error returns a string representation of the authentication error.
+func (e *AuthenticationError) Error() string {
+	if e.Cause != nil {
+		return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s (caused by: %v)", e.Type, e.Message, e.Cause)
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s: %s", e.Type, e.Message)
+}
+
+// Unwrap returns the underlying cause of the error.
+func (e *AuthenticationError) Unwrap() error {
+	return e.Cause
+}
+
+// Common authentication error types for GitHub Copilot device flow.
+var (
+	// ErrDeviceCodeFailed represents an error when requesting the device code fails.
+	ErrDeviceCodeFailed = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "device_code_failed",
+		Message: "Failed to request device code from GitHub",
+		Code:    http.StatusBadRequest,
+	}
+
+	// ErrDeviceCodeExpired represents an error when the device code has expired.
+	ErrDeviceCodeExpired = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "device_code_expired",
+		Message: "Device code has expired. Please try again.",
+		Code:    http.StatusGone,
+	}
+
+	// ErrAuthorizationPending represents a pending authorization state (not an error, used for polling).
+	ErrAuthorizationPending = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "authorization_pending",
+		Message: "Authorization is pending. Waiting for user to authorize.",
+		Code:    http.StatusAccepted,
+	}
+
+	// ErrSlowDown represents a request to slow down polling.
+	ErrSlowDown = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "slow_down",
+		Message: "Polling too frequently. Slowing down.",
+		Code:    http.StatusTooManyRequests,
+	}
+
+	// ErrAccessDenied represents an error when the user denies authorization.
+	ErrAccessDenied = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "access_denied",
+		Message: "User denied authorization",
+		Code:    http.StatusForbidden,
+	}
+
+	// ErrTokenExchangeFailed represents an error when token exchange fails.
+	ErrTokenExchangeFailed = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "token_exchange_failed",
+		Message: "Failed to exchange device code for access token",
+		Code:    http.StatusBadRequest,
+	}
+
+	// ErrPollingTimeout represents an error when polling times out.
+	ErrPollingTimeout = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "polling_timeout",
+		Message: "Timeout waiting for user authorization",
+		Code:    http.StatusRequestTimeout,
+	}
+
+	// ErrUserInfoFailed represents an error when fetching user info fails.
+	ErrUserInfoFailed = &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    "user_info_failed",
+		Message: "Failed to fetch GitHub user information",
+		Code:    http.StatusBadRequest,
+	}
+)
+
+// NewAuthenticationError creates a new authentication error with a cause based on a base error.
+func NewAuthenticationError(baseErr *AuthenticationError, cause error) *AuthenticationError {
+	return &AuthenticationError{
+		Type:    baseErr.Type,
+		Message: baseErr.Message,
+		Code:    baseErr.Code,
+		Cause:   cause,
+	}
+}
+
+// IsAuthenticationError checks if an error is an authentication error.
+func IsAuthenticationError(err error) bool {
+	var authenticationError *AuthenticationError
+	ok := errors.As(err, &authenticationError)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// IsOAuthError checks if an error is an OAuth error.
+func IsOAuthError(err error) bool {
+	var oAuthError *OAuthError
+	ok := errors.As(err, &oAuthError)
+	return ok
+}
+
+// GetUserFriendlyMessage returns a user-friendly error message based on the error type.
+func GetUserFriendlyMessage(err error) string {
+	var authErr *AuthenticationError
+	if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+		switch authErr.Type {
+		case "device_code_failed":
+			return "Failed to start GitHub authentication. Please check your network connection and try again."
+		case "device_code_expired":
+			return "The authentication code has expired. Please try again."
+		case "authorization_pending":
+			return "Waiting for you to authorize the application on GitHub."
+		case "slow_down":
+			return "Please wait a moment before trying again."
+		case "access_denied":
+			return "Authentication was cancelled or denied."
+		case "token_exchange_failed":
+			return "Failed to complete authentication. Please try again."
+		case "polling_timeout":
+			return "Authentication timed out. Please try again."
+		case "user_info_failed":
+			return "Failed to get your GitHub account information. Please try again."
+		default:
+			return "Authentication failed. Please try again."
+		}
+	}
+
+	var oauthErr *OAuthError
+	if errors.As(err, &oauthErr) {
+		switch oauthErr.Code {
+		case "access_denied":
+			return "Authentication was cancelled or denied."
+		case "invalid_request":
+			return "Invalid authentication request. Please try again."
+		case "server_error":
+			return "GitHub server error. Please try again later."
+		default:
+			return fmt.Sprintf("Authentication failed: %s", oauthErr.Description)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return "An unexpected error occurred. Please try again."
+}

internal/auth/copilot/oauth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+package copilot
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	// copilotClientID is GitHub's Copilot CLI OAuth client ID.
+	copilotClientID = "Iv1.b507a08c87ecfe98"
+	// copilotDeviceCodeURL is the endpoint for requesting device codes.
+	copilotDeviceCodeURL = "https://github.com/login/device/code"
+	// copilotTokenURL is the endpoint for exchanging device codes for tokens.
+	copilotTokenURL = "https://github.com/login/oauth/access_token"
+	// copilotUserInfoURL is the endpoint for fetching GitHub user information.
+	copilotUserInfoURL = "https://api.github.com/user"
+	// defaultPollInterval is the default interval for polling token endpoint.
+	defaultPollInterval = 5 * time.Second
+	// maxPollDuration is the maximum time to wait for user authorization.
+	maxPollDuration = 15 * time.Minute
+)
+
+// DeviceFlowClient handles the OAuth2 device flow for GitHub Copilot.
+type DeviceFlowClient struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+	cfg        *config.Config
+}
+
+// NewDeviceFlowClient creates a new device flow client.
+func NewDeviceFlowClient(cfg *config.Config) *DeviceFlowClient {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
+	if cfg != nil {
+		client = util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, client)
+	}
+	return &DeviceFlowClient{
+		httpClient: client,
+		cfg:        cfg,
+	}
+}
+
+// RequestDeviceCode initiates the device flow by requesting a device code from GitHub.
+func (c *DeviceFlowClient) RequestDeviceCode(ctx context.Context) (*DeviceCodeResponse, error) {
+	data := url.Values{}
+	data.Set("client_id", copilotClientID)
+	data.Set("scope", "read:user user:email")
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, copilotDeviceCodeURL, strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrDeviceCodeFailed, err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrDeviceCodeFailed, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("copilot device code: close body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if !isHTTPSuccess(resp.StatusCode) {
+		bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrDeviceCodeFailed, fmt.Errorf("status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(bodyBytes)))
+	}
+
+	var deviceCode DeviceCodeResponse
+	if err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&deviceCode); err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrDeviceCodeFailed, err)
+	}
+
+	return &deviceCode, nil
+}
+
+// PollForToken polls the token endpoint until the user authorizes or the device code expires.
+func (c *DeviceFlowClient) PollForToken(ctx context.Context, deviceCode *DeviceCodeResponse) (*CopilotTokenData, error) {
+	if deviceCode == nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, fmt.Errorf("device code is nil"))
+	}
+
+	interval := time.Duration(deviceCode.Interval) * time.Second
+	if interval < defaultPollInterval {
+		interval = defaultPollInterval
+	}
+
+	deadline := time.Now().Add(maxPollDuration)
+	if deviceCode.ExpiresIn > 0 {
+		codeDeadline := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(deviceCode.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+		if codeDeadline.Before(deadline) {
+			deadline = codeDeadline
+		}
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrPollingTimeout, ctx.Err())
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			if time.Now().After(deadline) {
+				return nil, ErrPollingTimeout
+			}
+
+			token, err := c.exchangeDeviceCode(ctx, deviceCode.DeviceCode)
+			if err != nil {
+				var authErr *AuthenticationError
+				if errors.As(err, &authErr) {
+					switch authErr.Type {
+					case ErrAuthorizationPending.Type:
+						// Continue polling
+						continue
+					case ErrSlowDown.Type:
+						// Increase interval and continue
+						interval += 5 * time.Second
+						ticker.Reset(interval)
+						continue
+					case ErrDeviceCodeExpired.Type:
+						return nil, err
+					case ErrAccessDenied.Type:
+						return nil, err
+					}
+				}
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			return token, nil
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// exchangeDeviceCode attempts to exchange the device code for an access token.
+func (c *DeviceFlowClient) exchangeDeviceCode(ctx context.Context, deviceCode string) (*CopilotTokenData, error) {
+	data := url.Values{}
+	data.Set("client_id", copilotClientID)
+	data.Set("device_code", deviceCode)
+	data.Set("grant_type", "urn:ietf:params:oauth:grant-type:device_code")
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, copilotTokenURL, strings.NewReader(data.Encode()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("copilot token exchange: close body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	bodyBytes, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+
+	// GitHub returns 200 for both success and error cases in device flow
+	// Check for OAuth error response first
+	var oauthResp struct {
+		Error            string `json:"error"`
+		ErrorDescription string `json:"error_description"`
+		AccessToken      string `json:"access_token"`
+		TokenType        string `json:"token_type"`
+		Scope            string `json:"scope"`
+	}
+
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &oauthResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, err)
+	}
+
+	if oauthResp.Error != "" {
+		switch oauthResp.Error {
+		case "authorization_pending":
+			return nil, ErrAuthorizationPending
+		case "slow_down":
+			return nil, ErrSlowDown
+		case "expired_token":
+			return nil, ErrDeviceCodeExpired
+		case "access_denied":
+			return nil, ErrAccessDenied
+		default:
+			return nil, NewOAuthError(oauthResp.Error, oauthResp.ErrorDescription, resp.StatusCode)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if oauthResp.AccessToken == "" {
+		return nil, NewAuthenticationError(ErrTokenExchangeFailed, fmt.Errorf("empty access token"))
+	}
+
+	return &CopilotTokenData{
+		AccessToken: oauthResp.AccessToken,
+		TokenType:   oauthResp.TokenType,
+		Scope:       oauthResp.Scope,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GitHubUserInfo holds GitHub user profile information.
+type GitHubUserInfo struct {
+	// Login is the GitHub username.
+	Login string
+	// Email is the primary email address (may be empty if not public).
+	Email string
+	// Name is the display name.
+	Name string
+}
+
+// FetchUserInfo retrieves the GitHub user profile for the authenticated user.
+func (c *DeviceFlowClient) FetchUserInfo(ctx context.Context, accessToken string) (GitHubUserInfo, error) {
+	if accessToken == "" {
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("access token is empty"))
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, copilotUserInfoURL, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", "CLIProxyAPI")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("copilot user info: close body error: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if !isHTTPSuccess(resp.StatusCode) {
+		bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(bodyBytes)))
+	}
+
+	var raw struct {
+		Login string `json:"login"`
+		Email string `json:"email"`
+		Name  string `json:"name"`
+	}
+	if err = json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&raw); err != nil {
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, err)
+	}
+
+	if raw.Login == "" {
+		return GitHubUserInfo{}, NewAuthenticationError(ErrUserInfoFailed, fmt.Errorf("empty username"))
+	}
+
+	return GitHubUserInfo{
+		Login: raw.Login,
+		Email: raw.Email,
+		Name:  raw.Name,
+	}, nil
+}

internal/auth/copilot/oauth_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+package copilot
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+// roundTripFunc lets us inject a custom transport for testing.
+type roundTripFunc func(*http.Request) (*http.Response, error)
+
+func (f roundTripFunc) RoundTrip(r *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) { return f(r) }
+
+// newTestClient returns an *http.Client whose requests are redirected to the given test server,
+// regardless of the original URL host.
+func newTestClient(srv *httptest.Server) *http.Client {
+	return &http.Client{
+		Transport: roundTripFunc(func(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+			req2 := req.Clone(req.Context())
+			req2.URL.Scheme = "http"
+			req2.URL.Host = strings.TrimPrefix(srv.URL, "http://")
+			return srv.Client().Transport.RoundTrip(req2)
+		}),
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_FullProfile verifies that FetchUserInfo returns login, email, and name.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_FullProfile(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(r.Header.Get("Authorization"), "Bearer ") {
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+			return
+		}
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]string{
+			"login": "octocat",
+			"email": "octocat@github.com",
+			"name":  "The Octocat",
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	info, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "test-token")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if info.Login != "octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("Login: got %q, want %q", info.Login, "octocat")
+	}
+	if info.Email != "octocat@github.com" {
+		t.Errorf("Email: got %q, want %q", info.Email, "octocat@github.com")
+	}
+	if info.Name != "The Octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("Name: got %q, want %q", info.Name, "The Octocat")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyEmail verifies graceful handling when email is absent (private account).
+func TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyEmail(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		// GitHub returns null for private emails.
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"login":"privateuser","email":null,"name":"Private User"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	info, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "test-token")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+	if info.Login != "privateuser" {
+		t.Errorf("Login: got %q, want %q", info.Login, "privateuser")
+	}
+	if info.Email != "" {
+		t.Errorf("Email: got %q, want empty string", info.Email)
+	}
+	if info.Name != "Private User" {
+		t.Errorf("Name: got %q, want %q", info.Name, "Private User")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyToken verifies error is returned for empty access token.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyToken(t *testing.T) {
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: http.DefaultClient}
+	_, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for empty token, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyLogin verifies error is returned when API returns no login.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_EmptyLogin(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"email":"someone@example.com","name":"No Login"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	_, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "test-token")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for empty login, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestFetchUserInfo_HTTPError verifies error is returned on non-2xx response.
+func TestFetchUserInfo_HTTPError(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusUnauthorized)
+		_, _ = w.Write([]byte(`{"message":"Bad credentials"}`))
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := &DeviceFlowClient{httpClient: newTestClient(srv)}
+	_, err := client.FetchUserInfo(context.Background(), "bad-token")
+	if err == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected error for 401 response, got nil")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCopilotTokenStorage_EmailNameFields verifies Email and Name serialise correctly.
+func TestCopilotTokenStorage_EmailNameFields(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := &CopilotTokenStorage{
+		AccessToken: "ghu_abc",
+		TokenType:   "bearer",
+		Scope:       "read:user user:email",
+		Username:    "octocat",
+		Email:       "octocat@github.com",
+		Name:        "The Octocat",
+		Type:        "github-copilot",
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(ts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(data, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"access_token", "username", "email", "name", "type"} {
+		if _, ok := out[key]; !ok {
+			t.Errorf("expected key %q in JSON output, not found", key)
+		}
+	}
+	if out["email"] != "octocat@github.com" {
+		t.Errorf("email: got %v, want %q", out["email"], "octocat@github.com")
+	}
+	if out["name"] != "The Octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("name: got %v, want %q", out["name"], "The Octocat")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCopilotTokenStorage_OmitEmptyEmailName verifies email/name are omitted when empty (omitempty).
+func TestCopilotTokenStorage_OmitEmptyEmailName(t *testing.T) {
+	ts := &CopilotTokenStorage{
+		AccessToken: "ghu_abc",
+		Username:    "octocat",
+		Type:        "github-copilot",
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.Marshal(ts)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("marshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	var out map[string]any
+	if err = json.Unmarshal(data, &out); err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unmarshal error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if _, ok := out["email"]; ok {
+		t.Error("email key should be omitted when empty (omitempty), but was present")
+	}
+	if _, ok := out["name"]; ok {
+		t.Error("name key should be omitted when empty (omitempty), but was present")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestCopilotAuthBundle_EmailNameFields verifies bundle carries email and name through the pipeline.
+func TestCopilotAuthBundle_EmailNameFields(t *testing.T) {
+	bundle := &CopilotAuthBundle{
+		TokenData: &CopilotTokenData{AccessToken: "ghu_abc"},
+		Username:  "octocat",
+		Email:     "octocat@github.com",
+		Name:      "The Octocat",
+	}
+	if bundle.Email != "octocat@github.com" {
+		t.Errorf("bundle.Email: got %q, want %q", bundle.Email, "octocat@github.com")
+	}
+	if bundle.Name != "The Octocat" {
+		t.Errorf("bundle.Name: got %q, want %q", bundle.Name, "The Octocat")
+	}
+}
+
+// TestGitHubUserInfo_Struct verifies the exported GitHubUserInfo struct fields are accessible.
+func TestGitHubUserInfo_Struct(t *testing.T) {
+	info := GitHubUserInfo{
+		Login: "octocat",
+		Email: "octocat@github.com",
+		Name:  "The Octocat",
+	}
+	if info.Login == "" || info.Email == "" || info.Name == "" {
+		t.Error("GitHubUserInfo fields should not be empty")
+	}
+}

internal/auth/copilot/token.go

@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+// Package copilot provides authentication and token management functionality
+// for GitHub Copilot AI services. It handles OAuth2 device flow token storage,
+// serialization, and retrieval for maintaining authenticated sessions with the Copilot API.
+package copilot
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
+)
+
+// CopilotTokenStorage stores OAuth2 token information for GitHub Copilot API authentication.
+// It maintains compatibility with the existing auth system while adding Copilot-specific fields
+// for managing access tokens and user account information.
+type CopilotTokenStorage struct {
+	// AccessToken is the OAuth2 access token used for authenticating API requests.
+	AccessToken string `json:"access_token"`
+	// TokenType is the type of token, typically "bearer".
+	TokenType string `json:"token_type"`
+	// Scope is the OAuth2 scope granted to the token.
+	Scope string `json:"scope"`
+	// ExpiresAt is the timestamp when the access token expires (if provided).
+	ExpiresAt string `json:"expires_at,omitempty"`
+	// Username is the GitHub username associated with this token.
+	Username string `json:"username"`
+	// Email is the GitHub email address associated with this token.
+	Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	// Name is the GitHub display name associated with this token.
+	Name string `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	// Type indicates the authentication provider type, always "github-copilot" for this storage.
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// CopilotTokenData holds the raw OAuth token response from GitHub.
+type CopilotTokenData struct {
+	// AccessToken is the OAuth2 access token.
+	AccessToken string `json:"access_token"`
+	// TokenType is the type of token, typically "bearer".
+	TokenType string `json:"token_type"`
+	// Scope is the OAuth2 scope granted to the token.
+	Scope string `json:"scope"`
+}
+
+// CopilotAuthBundle bundles authentication data for storage.
+type CopilotAuthBundle struct {
+	// TokenData contains the OAuth token information.
+	TokenData *CopilotTokenData
+	// Username is the GitHub username.
+	Username string
+	// Email is the GitHub email address.
+	Email string
+	// Name is the GitHub display name.
+	Name string
+}
+
+// DeviceCodeResponse represents GitHub's device code response.
+type DeviceCodeResponse struct {
+	// DeviceCode is the device verification code.
+	DeviceCode string `json:"device_code"`
+	// UserCode is the code the user must enter at the verification URI.
+	UserCode string `json:"user_code"`
+	// VerificationURI is the URL where the user should enter the code.
+	VerificationURI string `json:"verification_uri"`
+	// ExpiresIn is the number of seconds until the device code expires.
+	ExpiresIn int `json:"expires_in"`
+	// Interval is the minimum number of seconds to wait between polling requests.
+	Interval int `json:"interval"`
+}
+
+// SaveTokenToFile serializes the Copilot token storage to a JSON file.
+// This method creates the necessary directory structure and writes the token
+// data in JSON format to the specified file path for persistent storage.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - authFilePath: The full path where the token file should be saved
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - error: An error if the operation fails, nil otherwise
+func (ts *CopilotTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
+	misc.LogSavingCredentials(authFilePath)
+	ts.Type = "github-copilot"
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(authFilePath), 0700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Create(authFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create token file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		_ = f.Close()
+	}()
+
+	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}

internal/auth/gitlab/gitlab.go

@@ -0,0 +1,492 @@
+package gitlab
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"strconv"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultBaseURL      = "https://gitlab.com"
+	DefaultCallbackPort = 17171
+	defaultOAuthScope   = "api read_user"
+)
+
+type PKCECodes struct {
+	CodeVerifier  string
+	CodeChallenge string
+}
+
+type OAuthResult struct {
+	Code  string
+	State string
+	Error string
+}
+
+type OAuthServer struct {
+	server     *http.Server
+	port       int
+	resultChan chan *OAuthResult
+	errorChan  chan error
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	running    bool
+}
+
+type TokenResponse struct {
+	AccessToken  string `json:"access_token"`
+	TokenType    string `json:"token_type"`
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refresh_token"`
+	Scope        string `json:"scope"`
+	CreatedAt    int64  `json:"created_at"`
+	ExpiresIn    int    `json:"expires_in"`
+}
+
+type User struct {
+	ID          int64  `json:"id"`
+	Username    string `json:"username"`
+	Name        string `json:"name"`
+	Email       string `json:"email"`
+	PublicEmail string `json:"public_email"`
+}
+
+type PersonalAccessTokenSelf struct {
+	ID     int64    `json:"id"`
+	Name   string   `json:"name"`
+	Scopes []string `json:"scopes"`
+	UserID int64    `json:"user_id"`
+}
+
+type ModelDetails struct {
+	ModelProvider string `json:"model_provider"`
+	ModelName     string `json:"model_name"`
+}
+
+type DirectAccessResponse struct {
+	BaseURL      string            `json:"base_url"`
+	Token        string            `json:"token"`
+	ExpiresAt    int64             `json:"expires_at"`
+	Headers      map[string]string `json:"headers"`
+	ModelDetails *ModelDetails     `json:"model_details,omitempty"`
+}
+
+type DiscoveredModel struct {
+	ModelProvider string
+	ModelName     string
+}
+
+type AuthClient struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+func NewAuthClient(cfg *config.Config) *AuthClient {
+	client := &http.Client{}
+	if cfg != nil {
+		client = util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, client)
+	}
+	return &AuthClient{httpClient: client}
+}
+
+func NormalizeBaseURL(raw string) string {
+	value := strings.TrimSpace(raw)
+	if value == "" {
+		return DefaultBaseURL
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(value, "://") {
+		value = "https://" + value
+	}
+	value = strings.TrimRight(value, "/")
+	return value
+}
+
+func TokenExpiry(now time.Time, token *TokenResponse) time.Time {
+	if token == nil {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	if token.CreatedAt > 0 && token.ExpiresIn > 0 {
+		return time.Unix(token.CreatedAt+int64(token.ExpiresIn), 0).UTC()
+	}
+	if token.ExpiresIn > 0 {
+		return now.UTC().Add(time.Duration(token.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+	}
+	return time.Time{}
+}
+
+func GeneratePKCECodes() (*PKCECodes, error) {
+	verifierBytes := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(verifierBytes); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab pkce generation failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	verifier := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(verifierBytes)
+	sum := sha256.Sum256([]byte(verifier))
+	challenge := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(sum[:])
+	return &PKCECodes{
+		CodeVerifier:  verifier,
+		CodeChallenge: challenge,
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func NewOAuthServer(port int) *OAuthServer {
+	return &OAuthServer{
+		port:       port,
+		resultChan: make(chan *OAuthResult, 1),
+		errorChan:  make(chan error, 1),
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *OAuthServer) Start() error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if s.running {
+		return fmt.Errorf("gitlab oauth server already running")
+	}
+	if !s.isPortAvailable() {
+		return fmt.Errorf("port %d is already in use", s.port)
+	}
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/auth/callback", s.handleCallback)
+
+	s.server = &http.Server{
+		Addr:         fmt.Sprintf(":%d", s.port),
+		Handler:      mux,
+		ReadTimeout:  10 * time.Second,
+		WriteTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+	}
+	s.running = true
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := s.server.ListenAndServe(); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			s.errorChan <- err
+		}
+	}()
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (s *OAuthServer) Stop(ctx context.Context) error {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	if !s.running || s.server == nil {
+		return nil
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		s.running = false
+		s.server = nil
+	}()
+	return s.server.Shutdown(ctx)
+}
+
+func (s *OAuthServer) WaitForCallback(timeout time.Duration) (*OAuthResult, error) {
+	select {
+	case result := <-s.resultChan:
+		return result, nil
+	case err := <-s.errorChan:
+		return nil, err
+	case <-time.After(timeout):
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for OAuth callback")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *OAuthServer) handleCallback(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	if r.Method != http.MethodGet {
+		http.Error(w, "method not allowed", http.StatusMethodNotAllowed)
+		return
+	}
+	query := r.URL.Query()
+	if errParam := strings.TrimSpace(query.Get("error")); errParam != "" {
+		s.sendResult(&OAuthResult{Error: errParam})
+		http.Error(w, errParam, http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	code := strings.TrimSpace(query.Get("code"))
+	state := strings.TrimSpace(query.Get("state"))
+	if code == "" || state == "" {
+		s.sendResult(&OAuthResult{Error: "missing_code_or_state"})
+		http.Error(w, "missing code or state", http.StatusBadRequest)
+		return
+	}
+	s.sendResult(&OAuthResult{Code: code, State: state})
+	_, _ = w.Write([]byte("GitLab authentication received. You can close this tab."))
+}
+
+func (s *OAuthServer) sendResult(result *OAuthResult) {
+	select {
+	case s.resultChan <- result:
+	default:
+		log.Debug("gitlab oauth result channel full, dropping callback result")
+	}
+}
+
+func (s *OAuthServer) isPortAvailable() bool {
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf(":%d", s.port))
+	if err != nil {
+		return false
+	}
+	_ = listener.Close()
+	return true
+}
+
+func RedirectURL(port int) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/auth/callback", port)
+}
+
+func (c *AuthClient) GenerateAuthURL(baseURL, clientID, redirectURI, state string, pkce *PKCECodes) (string, error) {
+	if pkce == nil {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("gitlab auth URL generation failed: PKCE codes are required")
+	}
+	if strings.TrimSpace(clientID) == "" {
+		return "", fmt.Errorf("gitlab auth URL generation failed: client ID is required")
+	}
+	baseURL = NormalizeBaseURL(baseURL)
+	params := url.Values{
+		"client_id":             {strings.TrimSpace(clientID)},
+		"response_type":         {"code"},
+		"redirect_uri":          {strings.TrimSpace(redirectURI)},
+		"scope":                 {defaultOAuthScope},
+		"state":                 {strings.TrimSpace(state)},
+		"code_challenge":        {pkce.CodeChallenge},
+		"code_challenge_method": {"S256"},
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/oauth/authorize?%s", baseURL, params.Encode()), nil
+}
+
+func (c *AuthClient) ExchangeCodeForTokens(ctx context.Context, baseURL, clientID, clientSecret, redirectURI, code, codeVerifier string) (*TokenResponse, error) {
+	form := url.Values{
+		"grant_type":    {"authorization_code"},
+		"client_id":     {strings.TrimSpace(clientID)},
+		"code":          {strings.TrimSpace(code)},
+		"redirect_uri":  {strings.TrimSpace(redirectURI)},
+		"code_verifier": {strings.TrimSpace(codeVerifier)},
+	}
+	if secret := strings.TrimSpace(clientSecret); secret != "" {
+		form.Set("client_secret", secret)
+	}
+	return c.postToken(ctx, NormalizeBaseURL(baseURL)+"/oauth/token", form)
+}
+
+func (c *AuthClient) RefreshTokens(ctx context.Context, baseURL, clientID, clientSecret, refreshToken string) (*TokenResponse, error) {
+	form := url.Values{
+		"grant_type":    {"refresh_token"},
+		"refresh_token": {strings.TrimSpace(refreshToken)},
+	}
+	if clientID = strings.TrimSpace(clientID); clientID != "" {
+		form.Set("client_id", clientID)
+	}
+	if secret := strings.TrimSpace(clientSecret); secret != "" {
+		form.Set("client_secret", secret)
+	}
+	return c.postToken(ctx, NormalizeBaseURL(baseURL)+"/oauth/token", form)
+}
+
+func (c *AuthClient) postToken(ctx context.Context, tokenURL string, form url.Values) (*TokenResponse, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, tokenURL, strings.NewReader(form.Encode()))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab token request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab token request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab token response read failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab token request failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+	var token TokenResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &token); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab token response decode failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &token, nil
+}
+
+func (c *AuthClient) GetCurrentUser(ctx context.Context, baseURL, token string) (*User, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, NormalizeBaseURL(baseURL)+"/api/v4/user", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab user request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+strings.TrimSpace(token))
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab user request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab user response read failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab user request failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	var user User
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &user); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab user response decode failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &user, nil
+}
+
+func (c *AuthClient) GetPersonalAccessTokenSelf(ctx context.Context, baseURL, token string) (*PersonalAccessTokenSelf, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, NormalizeBaseURL(baseURL)+"/api/v4/personal_access_tokens/self", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab PAT self request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+strings.TrimSpace(token))
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab PAT self request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab PAT self response read failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab PAT self request failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	var pat PersonalAccessTokenSelf
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &pat); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab PAT self response decode failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	return &pat, nil
+}
+
+func (c *AuthClient) FetchDirectAccess(ctx context.Context, baseURL, token string) (*DirectAccessResponse, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, NormalizeBaseURL(baseURL)+"/api/v4/code_suggestions/direct_access", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab direct access request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+strings.TrimSpace(token))
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab direct access request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab direct access response read failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if resp.StatusCode < 200 || resp.StatusCode >= 300 {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab direct access request failed with status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, strings.TrimSpace(string(body)))
+	}
+
+	var direct DirectAccessResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &direct); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gitlab direct access response decode failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if direct.Headers == nil {
+		direct.Headers = make(map[string]string)
+	}
+	return &direct, nil
+}
+
+func ExtractDiscoveredModels(metadata map[string]any) []DiscoveredModel {
+	if len(metadata) == 0 {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	models := make([]DiscoveredModel, 0, 4)
+	seen := make(map[string]struct{})
+	appendModel := func(provider, name string) {
+		provider = strings.TrimSpace(provider)
+		name = strings.TrimSpace(name)
+		if name == "" {
+			return
+		}
+		key := strings.ToLower(name)
+		if _, ok := seen[key]; ok {
+			return
+		}
+		seen[key] = struct{}{}
+		models = append(models, DiscoveredModel{
+			ModelProvider: provider,
+			ModelName:     name,
+		})
+	}
+
+	if raw, ok := metadata["model_details"]; ok {
+		appendDiscoveredModels(raw, appendModel)
+	}
+	appendModel(stringValue(metadata["model_provider"]), stringValue(metadata["model_name"]))
+
+	for _, key := range []string{"models", "supported_models", "discovered_models"} {
+		if raw, ok := metadata[key]; ok {
+			appendDiscoveredModels(raw, appendModel)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return models
+}
+
+func appendDiscoveredModels(raw any, appendModel func(provider, name string)) {
+	switch typed := raw.(type) {
+	case map[string]any:
+		appendModel(stringValue(typed["model_provider"]), stringValue(typed["model_name"]))
+		appendModel(stringValue(typed["provider"]), stringValue(typed["name"]))
+		if nested, ok := typed["models"]; ok {
+			appendDiscoveredModels(nested, appendModel)
+		}
+	case []any:
+		for _, item := range typed {
+			appendDiscoveredModels(item, appendModel)
+		}
+	case []string:
+		for _, item := range typed {
+			appendModel("", item)
+		}
+	case string:
+		appendModel("", typed)
+	}
+}
+
+func stringValue(raw any) string {
+	switch typed := raw.(type) {
+	case string:
+		return strings.TrimSpace(typed)
+	case fmt.Stringer:
+		return strings.TrimSpace(typed.String())
+	case json.Number:
+		return typed.String()
+	case int:
+		return strconv.Itoa(typed)
+	case int64:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(typed, 10)
+	case float64:
+		return strconv.FormatInt(int64(typed), 10)
+	default:
+		return ""
+	}
+}

internal/auth/gitlab/gitlab_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+package gitlab
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestAuthClientGenerateAuthURLIncludesPKCE(t *testing.T) {
+	client := NewAuthClient(nil)
+	pkce, err := GeneratePKCECodes()
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GeneratePKCECodes() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	rawURL, err := client.GenerateAuthURL("https://gitlab.example.com", "client-id", RedirectURL(17171), "state-123", pkce)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("GenerateAuthURL() error = %v", err)
+	}
+
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(rawURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("Parse(authURL) error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if got := parsed.Path; got != "/oauth/authorize" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected /oauth/authorize path, got %q", got)
+	}
+	query := parsed.Query()
+	if got := query.Get("client_id"); got != "client-id" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected client_id, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := query.Get("scope"); got != defaultOAuthScope {
+		t.Fatalf("expected scope %q, got %q", defaultOAuthScope, got)
+	}
+	if got := query.Get("code_challenge_method"); got != "S256" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected PKCE method S256, got %q", got)
+	}
+	if got := query.Get("code_challenge"); got == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-empty code_challenge")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestAuthClientExchangeCodeForTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/oauth/token" {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected path %q", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		if err := r.ParseForm(); err != nil {
+			t.Fatalf("ParseForm() error = %v", err)
+		}
+		if got := r.Form.Get("grant_type"); got != "authorization_code" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected authorization_code grant, got %q", got)
+		}
+		if got := r.Form.Get("code_verifier"); got != "verifier-123" {
+			t.Fatalf("expected code_verifier, got %q", got)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"access_token":  "oauth-access",
+			"refresh_token": "oauth-refresh",
+			"token_type":    "Bearer",
+			"scope":         "api read_user",
+			"created_at":    1710000000,
+			"expires_in":    3600,
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := NewAuthClient(nil)
+	token, err := client.ExchangeCodeForTokens(context.Background(), srv.URL, "client-id", "client-secret", RedirectURL(17171), "auth-code", "verifier-123")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("ExchangeCodeForTokens() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if token.AccessToken != "oauth-access" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected access token, got %q", token.AccessToken)
+	}
+	if token.RefreshToken != "oauth-refresh" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected refresh token, got %q", token.RefreshToken)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractDiscoveredModels(t *testing.T) {
+	models := ExtractDiscoveredModels(map[string]any{
+		"model_details": map[string]any{
+			"model_provider": "anthropic",
+			"model_name":     "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		},
+		"supported_models": []any{
+			map[string]any{"model_provider": "openai", "model_name": "gpt-4.1"},
+			"claude-sonnet-4-5",
+		},
+	})
+	if len(models) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("expected 2 unique models, got %d", len(models))
+	}
+	if models[0].ModelName != "claude-sonnet-4-5" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected first model %q", models[0].ModelName)
+	}
+	if models[1].ModelName != "gpt-4.1" {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected second model %q", models[1].ModelName)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFetchDirectAccessDecodesModelDetails(t *testing.T) {
+	srv := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		if r.URL.Path != "/api/v4/code_suggestions/direct_access" {
+			t.Fatalf("unexpected path %q", r.URL.Path)
+		}
+		if got := r.Header.Get("Authorization"); !strings.Contains(got, "token-123") {
+			t.Fatalf("expected bearer token, got %q", got)
+		}
+		_ = json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(map[string]any{
+			"base_url":   "https://cloud.gitlab.example.com",
+			"token":      "gateway-token",
+			"expires_at": 1710003600,
+			"headers": map[string]string{
+				"X-Gitlab-Realm": "saas",
+			},
+			"model_details": map[string]any{
+				"model_provider": "anthropic",
+				"model_name":     "claude-sonnet-4-5",
+			},
+		})
+	}))
+	defer srv.Close()
+
+	client := NewAuthClient(nil)
+	direct, err := client.FetchDirectAccess(context.Background(), srv.URL, "token-123")
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("FetchDirectAccess() error = %v", err)
+	}
+	if direct.ModelDetails == nil || direct.ModelDetails.ModelName != "claude-sonnet-4-5" {
+		t.Fatalf("expected model details, got %+v", direct.ModelDetails)
+	}
+}

internal/auth/iflow/iflow_auth.go

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ import (
 	"io"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
+	"os"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -28,10 +29,21 @@ const (
 	iFlowAPIKeyEndpoint = "https://platform.iflow.cn/api/openapi/apikey"
 
 	// Client credentials provided by iFlow for the Code Assist integration.
-	iFlowOAuthClientID     = "10009311001"
-	iFlowOAuthClientSecret = "4Z3YjXycVsQvyGF1etiNlIBB4RsqSDtW"
+	iFlowOAuthClientID = "10009311001"
+	// Default client secret (can be overridden via IFLOW_CLIENT_SECRET env var)
+	defaultIFlowClientSecret = "4Z3YjXycVsQvyGF1etiNlIBB4RsqSDtW"
 )
 
+// getIFlowClientSecret returns the iFlow OAuth client secret.
+// It first checks the IFLOW_CLIENT_SECRET environment variable,
+// falling back to the default value if not set.
+func getIFlowClientSecret() string {
+	if secret := os.Getenv("IFLOW_CLIENT_SECRET"); secret != "" {
+		return secret
+	}
+	return defaultIFlowClientSecret
+}
+
 // DefaultAPIBaseURL is the canonical chat completions endpoint.
 const DefaultAPIBaseURL = "https://apis.iflow.cn/v1"
 
@@ -72,7 +84,7 @@ func (ia *IFlowAuth) ExchangeCodeForTokens(ctx context.Context, code, redirectUR
 	form.Set("code", code)
 	form.Set("redirect_uri", redirectURI)
 	form.Set("client_id", iFlowOAuthClientID)
-	form.Set("client_secret", iFlowOAuthClientSecret)
+	form.Set("client_secret", getIFlowClientSecret())
 
 	req, err := ia.newTokenRequest(ctx, form)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -88,7 +100,7 @@ func (ia *IFlowAuth) RefreshTokens(ctx context.Context, refreshToken string) (*I
 	form.Set("grant_type", "refresh_token")
 	form.Set("refresh_token", refreshToken)
 	form.Set("client_id", iFlowOAuthClientID)
-	form.Set("client_secret", iFlowOAuthClientSecret)
+	form.Set("client_secret", getIFlowClientSecret())
 
 	req, err := ia.newTokenRequest(ctx, form)
 	if err != nil {
@@ -104,7 +116,7 @@ func (ia *IFlowAuth) newTokenRequest(ctx context.Context, form url.Values) (*htt
 		return nil, fmt.Errorf("iflow token: create request failed: %w", err)
 	}
 
-	basic := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(iFlowOAuthClientID + ":" + iFlowOAuthClientSecret))
+	basic := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(iFlowOAuthClientID + ":" + getIFlowClientSecret()))
 	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded")
 	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
 	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Basic "+basic)

internal/auth/kilo/kilo_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+// Package kilo provides authentication and token management functionality
+// for Kilo AI services.
+package kilo
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	// BaseURL is the base URL for the Kilo AI API.
+	BaseURL = "https://api.kilo.ai/api"
+)
+
+// DeviceAuthResponse represents the response from initiating device flow.
+type DeviceAuthResponse struct {
+	Code            string `json:"code"`
+	VerificationURL string `json:"verificationUrl"`
+	ExpiresIn       int    `json:"expiresIn"`
+}
+
+// DeviceStatusResponse represents the response when polling for device flow status.
+type DeviceStatusResponse struct {
+	Status    string `json:"status"`
+	Token     string `json:"token"`
+	UserEmail string `json:"userEmail"`
+}
+
+// Profile represents the user profile from Kilo AI.
+type Profile struct {
+	Email string         `json:"email"`
+	Orgs  []Organization `json:"organizations"`
+}
+
+// Organization represents a Kilo AI organization.
+type Organization struct {
+	ID   string `json:"id"`
+	Name string `json:"name"`
+}
+
+// Defaults represents default settings for an organization or user.
+type Defaults struct {
+	Model string `json:"model"`
+}
+
+// KiloAuth provides methods for handling the Kilo AI authentication flow.
+type KiloAuth struct {
+	client *http.Client
+}
+
+// NewKiloAuth creates a new instance of KiloAuth.
+func NewKiloAuth() *KiloAuth {
+	return &KiloAuth{
+		client: &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second},
+	}
+}
+
+// InitiateDeviceFlow starts the device authentication flow.
+func (k *KiloAuth) InitiateDeviceFlow(ctx context.Context) (*DeviceAuthResponse, error) {
+	resp, err := k.client.Post(BaseURL+"/device-auth/codes", "application/json", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to initiate device flow: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var data DeviceAuthResponse
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&data); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &data, nil
+}
+
+// PollForToken polls for the device flow completion.
+func (k *KiloAuth) PollForToken(ctx context.Context, code string) (*DeviceStatusResponse, error) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(5 * time.Second)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			return nil, ctx.Err()
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			resp, err := k.client.Get(BaseURL + "/device-auth/codes/" + code)
+			if err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+			defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+			var data DeviceStatusResponse
+			if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&data); err != nil {
+				return nil, err
+			}
+
+			switch data.Status {
+			case "approved":
+				return &data, nil
+			case "denied", "expired":
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("device flow %s", data.Status)
+			case "pending":
+				continue
+			default:
+				return nil, fmt.Errorf("unknown status: %s", data.Status)
+			}
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// GetProfile fetches the user's profile.
+func (k *KiloAuth) GetProfile(ctx context.Context, token string) (*Profile, error) {
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", BaseURL+"/profile", nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create get profile request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+
+	resp, err := k.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get profile: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var profile Profile
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&profile); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &profile, nil
+}
+
+// GetDefaults fetches default settings for an organization.
+func (k *KiloAuth) GetDefaults(ctx context.Context, token, orgID string) (*Defaults, error) {
+	url := BaseURL + "/defaults"
+	if orgID != "" {
+		url = BaseURL + "/organizations/" + orgID + "/defaults"
+	}
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "GET", url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create get defaults request: %w", err)
+	}
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+token)
+
+	resp, err := k.client.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get defaults: status %d", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var defaults Defaults
+	if err := json.NewDecoder(resp.Body).Decode(&defaults); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+	return &defaults, nil
+}

internal/auth/kilo/kilo_token.go

@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+// Package kilo provides authentication and token management functionality
+// for Kilo AI services.
+package kilo
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/misc"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// KiloTokenStorage stores token information for Kilo AI authentication.
+type KiloTokenStorage struct {
+	// Token is the Kilo access token.
+	Token string `json:"kilocodeToken"`
+
+	// OrganizationID is the Kilo organization ID.
+	OrganizationID string `json:"kilocodeOrganizationId"`
+
+	// Model is the default model to use.
+	Model string `json:"kilocodeModel"`
+
+	// Email is the email address of the authenticated user.
+	Email string `json:"email"`
+
+	// Type indicates the authentication provider type, always "kilo" for this storage.
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+}
+
+// SaveTokenToFile serializes the Kilo token storage to a JSON file.
+func (ts *KiloTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
+	misc.LogSavingCredentials(authFilePath)
+	ts.Type = "kilo"
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(filepath.Dir(authFilePath), 0700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	f, err := os.Create(authFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create token file: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := f.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to close file: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	if err = json.NewEncoder(f).Encode(ts); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token to file: %w", err)
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CredentialFileName returns the filename used to persist Kilo credentials.
+func CredentialFileName(email string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("kilo-%s.json", email)
+}

internal/auth/kiro/aws.go

@@ -0,0 +1,681 @@
+// Package kiro provides authentication functionality for AWS CodeWhisperer (Kiro) API.
+// It includes interfaces and implementations for token storage and authentication methods.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"errors"
+	"fmt"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// PKCECodes holds PKCE verification codes for OAuth2 PKCE flow
+type PKCECodes struct {
+	// CodeVerifier is the cryptographically random string used to correlate
+	// the authorization request to the token request
+	CodeVerifier string `json:"code_verifier"`
+	// CodeChallenge is the SHA256 hash of the code verifier, base64url-encoded
+	CodeChallenge string `json:"code_challenge"`
+}
+
+// KiroTokenData holds OAuth token information from AWS CodeWhisperer (Kiro)
+type KiroTokenData struct {
+	// AccessToken is the OAuth2 access token for API access
+	AccessToken string `json:"accessToken"`
+	// RefreshToken is used to obtain new access tokens
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refreshToken"`
+	// ProfileArn is the AWS CodeWhisperer profile ARN
+	ProfileArn string `json:"profileArn"`
+	// ExpiresAt is the timestamp when the token expires
+	ExpiresAt string `json:"expiresAt"`
+	// AuthMethod indicates the authentication method used (e.g., "builder-id", "social", "idc")
+	AuthMethod string `json:"authMethod"`
+	// Provider indicates the OAuth provider (e.g., "AWS", "Google", "Enterprise")
+	Provider string `json:"provider"`
+	// ClientID is the OIDC client ID (needed for token refresh)
+	ClientID string `json:"clientId,omitempty"`
+	// ClientSecret is the OIDC client secret (needed for token refresh)
+	ClientSecret string `json:"clientSecret,omitempty"`
+	// ClientIDHash is the hash of client ID used to locate device registration file
+	// (Enterprise Kiro IDE stores clientId/clientSecret in ~/.aws/sso/cache/{clientIdHash}.json)
+	ClientIDHash string `json:"clientIdHash,omitempty"`
+	// Email is the user's email address (used for file naming)
+	Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	// StartURL is the IDC/Identity Center start URL (only for IDC auth method)
+	StartURL string `json:"startUrl,omitempty"`
+	// Region is the OIDC region for IDC login and token refresh
+	Region string `json:"region,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// KiroAuthBundle aggregates authentication data after OAuth flow completion
+type KiroAuthBundle struct {
+	// TokenData contains the OAuth tokens from the authentication flow
+	TokenData KiroTokenData `json:"token_data"`
+	// LastRefresh is the timestamp of the last token refresh
+	LastRefresh string `json:"last_refresh"`
+}
+
+// KiroUsageInfo represents usage information from CodeWhisperer API
+type KiroUsageInfo struct {
+	// SubscriptionTitle is the subscription plan name (e.g., "KIRO FREE")
+	SubscriptionTitle string `json:"subscription_title"`
+	// CurrentUsage is the current credit usage
+	CurrentUsage float64 `json:"current_usage"`
+	// UsageLimit is the maximum credit limit
+	UsageLimit float64 `json:"usage_limit"`
+	// NextReset is the timestamp of the next usage reset
+	NextReset string `json:"next_reset"`
+}
+
+// KiroModel represents a model available through the CodeWhisperer API
+type KiroModel struct {
+	// ModelID is the unique identifier for the model
+	ModelID string `json:"modelId"`
+	// ModelName is the human-readable name
+	ModelName string `json:"modelName"`
+	// Description is the model description
+	Description string `json:"description"`
+	// RateMultiplier is the credit multiplier for this model
+	RateMultiplier float64 `json:"rateMultiplier"`
+	// RateUnit is the unit for rate calculation (e.g., "credit")
+	RateUnit string `json:"rateUnit"`
+	// MaxInputTokens is the maximum input token limit
+	MaxInputTokens int `json:"maxInputTokens,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// KiroIDETokenFile is the default path to Kiro IDE's token file
+const KiroIDETokenFile = ".aws/sso/cache/kiro-auth-token.json"
+
+// Default retry configuration for file reading
+const (
+	defaultTokenReadMaxAttempts = 10                    // Maximum retry attempts
+	defaultTokenReadBaseDelay   = 50 * time.Millisecond // Base delay between retries
+)
+
+// isTransientFileError checks if the error is a transient file access error
+// that may be resolved by retrying (e.g., file locked by another process on Windows).
+func isTransientFileError(err error) bool {
+	if err == nil {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// Check for OS-level file access errors (Windows sharing violation, etc.)
+	var pathErr *os.PathError
+	if errors.As(err, &pathErr) {
+		// Windows sharing violation (ERROR_SHARING_VIOLATION = 32)
+		// Windows lock violation (ERROR_LOCK_VIOLATION = 33)
+		errStr := pathErr.Err.Error()
+		if strings.Contains(errStr, "being used by another process") ||
+			strings.Contains(errStr, "sharing violation") ||
+			strings.Contains(errStr, "lock violation") {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Check error message for common transient patterns
+	errMsg := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
+	transientPatterns := []string{
+		"being used by another process",
+		"sharing violation",
+		"lock violation",
+		"access is denied",
+		"unexpected end of json",
+		"unexpected eof",
+	}
+	for _, pattern := range transientPatterns {
+		if strings.Contains(errMsg, pattern) {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return false
+}
+
+// LoadKiroIDETokenWithRetry loads token data from Kiro IDE's token file with retry logic.
+// This handles transient file access errors (e.g., file locked by Kiro IDE during write).
+// maxAttempts: maximum number of retry attempts (default 10 if <= 0)
+// baseDelay: base delay between retries with exponential backoff (default 50ms if <= 0)
+func LoadKiroIDETokenWithRetry(maxAttempts int, baseDelay time.Duration) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	if maxAttempts <= 0 {
+		maxAttempts = defaultTokenReadMaxAttempts
+	}
+	if baseDelay <= 0 {
+		baseDelay = defaultTokenReadBaseDelay
+	}
+
+	var lastErr error
+	for attempt := 0; attempt < maxAttempts; attempt++ {
+		token, err := LoadKiroIDEToken()
+		if err == nil {
+			return token, nil
+		}
+		lastErr = err
+
+		// Only retry for transient errors
+		if !isTransientFileError(err) {
+			return nil, err
+		}
+
+		// Exponential backoff: delay * 2^attempt, capped at 500ms
+		delay := baseDelay * time.Duration(1<<uint(attempt))
+		if delay > 500*time.Millisecond {
+			delay = 500 * time.Millisecond
+		}
+		time.Sleep(delay)
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read token file after %d attempts: %w", maxAttempts, lastErr)
+}
+
+// LoadKiroIDEToken loads token data from Kiro IDE's token file.
+// For Enterprise Kiro IDE (IDC auth), it also loads clientId and clientSecret
+// from the device registration file referenced by clientIdHash.
+func LoadKiroIDEToken() (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get home directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tokenPath := filepath.Join(homeDir, KiroIDETokenFile)
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(tokenPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read Kiro IDE token file (%s): %w", tokenPath, err)
+	}
+
+	var token KiroTokenData
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &token); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse Kiro IDE token: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if token.AccessToken == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("access token is empty in Kiro IDE token file")
+	}
+
+	// Normalize AuthMethod to lowercase (Kiro IDE uses "IdC" but we expect "idc")
+	token.AuthMethod = strings.ToLower(token.AuthMethod)
+
+	// For Enterprise Kiro IDE (IDC auth), load clientId and clientSecret from device registration
+	// The device registration file is located at ~/.aws/sso/cache/{clientIdHash}.json
+	if token.ClientIDHash != "" && token.ClientID == "" {
+		if err := loadDeviceRegistration(homeDir, token.ClientIDHash, &token); err != nil {
+			// Log warning but don't fail - token might still work for some operations
+			fmt.Printf("warning: failed to load device registration for clientIdHash %s: %v\n", token.ClientIDHash, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &token, nil
+}
+
+// loadDeviceRegistration loads clientId and clientSecret from the device registration file.
+// Enterprise Kiro IDE stores these in ~/.aws/sso/cache/{clientIdHash}.json
+func loadDeviceRegistration(homeDir, clientIDHash string, token *KiroTokenData) error {
+	if clientIDHash == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("clientIdHash is empty")
+	}
+
+	// Sanitize clientIdHash to prevent path traversal
+	if strings.Contains(clientIDHash, "/") || strings.Contains(clientIDHash, "\\") || strings.Contains(clientIDHash, "..") {
+		return fmt.Errorf("invalid clientIdHash: contains path separator")
+	}
+
+	deviceRegPath := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".aws", "sso", "cache", clientIDHash+".json")
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(deviceRegPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to read device registration file (%s): %w", deviceRegPath, err)
+	}
+
+	// Device registration file structure
+	var deviceReg struct {
+		ClientID     string `json:"clientId"`
+		ClientSecret string `json:"clientSecret"`
+		ExpiresAt    string `json:"expiresAt"`
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &deviceReg); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to parse device registration: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if deviceReg.ClientID == "" || deviceReg.ClientSecret == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("device registration missing clientId or clientSecret")
+	}
+
+	token.ClientID = deviceReg.ClientID
+	token.ClientSecret = deviceReg.ClientSecret
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LoadKiroTokenFromPath loads token data from a custom path.
+// This supports multiple accounts by allowing different token files.
+// For Enterprise Kiro IDE (IDC auth), it also loads clientId and clientSecret
+// from the device registration file referenced by clientIdHash.
+func LoadKiroTokenFromPath(tokenPath string) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get home directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Expand ~ to home directory
+	if len(tokenPath) > 0 && tokenPath[0] == '~' {
+		tokenPath = filepath.Join(homeDir, tokenPath[1:])
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(tokenPath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read token file (%s): %w", tokenPath, err)
+	}
+
+	var token KiroTokenData
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &token); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if token.AccessToken == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("access token is empty in token file")
+	}
+
+	// Normalize AuthMethod to lowercase (Kiro IDE uses "IdC" but we expect "idc")
+	token.AuthMethod = strings.ToLower(token.AuthMethod)
+
+	// For Enterprise Kiro IDE (IDC auth), load clientId and clientSecret from device registration
+	if token.ClientIDHash != "" && token.ClientID == "" {
+		if err := loadDeviceRegistration(homeDir, token.ClientIDHash, &token); err != nil {
+			// Log warning but don't fail - token might still work for some operations
+			fmt.Printf("warning: failed to load device registration for clientIdHash %s: %v\n", token.ClientIDHash, err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	return &token, nil
+}
+
+// ListKiroTokenFiles lists all Kiro token files in the cache directory.
+// This supports multiple accounts by finding all token files.
+func ListKiroTokenFiles() ([]string, error) {
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get home directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	cacheDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".aws", "sso", "cache")
+
+	// Check if directory exists
+	if _, err := os.Stat(cacheDir); os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return nil, nil // No token files
+	}
+
+	entries, err := os.ReadDir(cacheDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read cache directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var tokenFiles []string
+	for _, entry := range entries {
+		if entry.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := entry.Name()
+		// Look for kiro token files only (avoid matching unrelated AWS SSO cache files)
+		if strings.HasSuffix(name, ".json") && strings.HasPrefix(name, "kiro") {
+			tokenFiles = append(tokenFiles, filepath.Join(cacheDir, name))
+		}
+	}
+
+	return tokenFiles, nil
+}
+
+// LoadAllKiroTokens loads all Kiro tokens from the cache directory.
+// This supports multiple accounts.
+func LoadAllKiroTokens() ([]*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	files, err := ListKiroTokenFiles()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var tokens []*KiroTokenData
+	for _, file := range files {
+		token, err := LoadKiroTokenFromPath(file)
+		if err != nil {
+			// Skip invalid token files
+			continue
+		}
+		tokens = append(tokens, token)
+	}
+
+	return tokens, nil
+}
+
+// JWTClaims represents the claims we care about from a JWT token.
+// JWT tokens from Kiro/AWS contain user information in the payload.
+type JWTClaims struct {
+	Email         string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	Sub           string `json:"sub,omitempty"`
+	PreferredUser string `json:"preferred_username,omitempty"`
+	Name          string `json:"name,omitempty"`
+	Iss           string `json:"iss,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// ExtractEmailFromJWT extracts the user's email from a JWT access token.
+// JWT tokens typically have format: header.payload.signature
+// The payload is base64url-encoded JSON containing user claims.
+func ExtractEmailFromJWT(accessToken string) string {
+	if accessToken == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// JWT format: header.payload.signature
+	parts := strings.Split(accessToken, ".")
+	if len(parts) != 3 {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// Decode the payload (second part)
+	payload := parts[1]
+
+	// Add padding if needed (base64url requires padding)
+	switch len(payload) % 4 {
+	case 2:
+		payload += "=="
+	case 3:
+		payload += "="
+	}
+
+	decoded, err := base64.URLEncoding.DecodeString(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Try RawURLEncoding (no padding)
+		decoded, err = base64.RawURLEncoding.DecodeString(parts[1])
+		if err != nil {
+			return ""
+		}
+	}
+
+	var claims JWTClaims
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(decoded, &claims); err != nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// Return email if available
+	if claims.Email != "" {
+		return claims.Email
+	}
+
+	// Fallback to preferred_username (some providers use this)
+	if claims.PreferredUser != "" && strings.Contains(claims.PreferredUser, "@") {
+		return claims.PreferredUser
+	}
+
+	// Fallback to sub if it looks like an email
+	if claims.Sub != "" && strings.Contains(claims.Sub, "@") {
+		return claims.Sub
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+// SanitizeEmailForFilename sanitizes an email address for use in a filename.
+// Replaces special characters with underscores and prevents path traversal attacks.
+// Also handles URL-encoded characters to prevent encoded path traversal attempts.
+func SanitizeEmailForFilename(email string) string {
+	if email == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	result := email
+
+	// First, handle URL-encoded path traversal attempts (%2F, %2E, %5C, etc.)
+	// This prevents encoded characters from bypassing the sanitization.
+	// Note: We replace % last to catch any remaining encodings including double-encoding (%252F)
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%2F", "_") // /
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%2f", "_")
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%5C", "_") // \
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%5c", "_")
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%2E", "_") // .
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%2e", "_")
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%00", "_") // null byte
+	result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, "%", "_")   // Catch remaining % to prevent double-encoding attacks
+
+	// Replace characters that are problematic in filenames
+	// Keep @ and . in middle but replace other special characters
+	for _, char := range []string{"/", "\\", ":", "*", "?", "\"", "<", ">", "|", " ", "\x00"} {
+		result = strings.ReplaceAll(result, char, "_")
+	}
+
+	// Prevent path traversal: replace leading dots in each path component
+	// This handles cases like "../../../etc/passwd" → "_.._.._.._etc_passwd"
+	parts := strings.Split(result, "_")
+	for i, part := range parts {
+		for strings.HasPrefix(part, ".") {
+			part = "_" + part[1:]
+		}
+		parts[i] = part
+	}
+	result = strings.Join(parts, "_")
+
+	return result
+}
+
+// ExtractIDCIdentifier extracts a unique identifier from IDC startUrl.
+// Examples:
+//   - "https://d-1234567890.awsapps.com/start" -> "d-1234567890"
+//   - "https://my-company.awsapps.com/start" -> "my-company"
+//   - "https://acme-corp.awsapps.com/start" -> "acme-corp"
+func ExtractIDCIdentifier(startURL string) string {
+	if startURL == "" {
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	// Remove protocol prefix
+	url := strings.TrimPrefix(startURL, "https://")
+	url = strings.TrimPrefix(url, "http://")
+
+	// Extract subdomain (first part before the first dot)
+	// Format: {identifier}.awsapps.com/start
+	parts := strings.Split(url, ".")
+	if len(parts) > 0 && parts[0] != "" {
+		identifier := parts[0]
+		// Sanitize for filename safety
+		identifier = strings.ReplaceAll(identifier, "/", "_")
+		identifier = strings.ReplaceAll(identifier, "\\", "_")
+		identifier = strings.ReplaceAll(identifier, ":", "_")
+		return identifier
+	}
+
+	return ""
+}
+
+// GenerateTokenFileName generates a unique filename for token storage.
+// Priority: email > startUrl identifier (for IDC) > authMethod only
+// Email is unique, so no sequence suffix needed. Sequence is only added
+// when email is unavailable to prevent filename collisions.
+// Format: kiro-{authMethod}-{identifier}[-{seq}].json
+func GenerateTokenFileName(tokenData *KiroTokenData) string {
+	authMethod := tokenData.AuthMethod
+	if authMethod == "" {
+		authMethod = "unknown"
+	}
+
+	// Priority 1: Use email if available (no sequence needed, email is unique)
+	if tokenData.Email != "" {
+		// Sanitize email for filename (replace @ and . with -)
+		sanitizedEmail := tokenData.Email
+		sanitizedEmail = strings.ReplaceAll(sanitizedEmail, "@", "-")
+		sanitizedEmail = strings.ReplaceAll(sanitizedEmail, ".", "-")
+		return fmt.Sprintf("kiro-%s-%s.json", authMethod, sanitizedEmail)
+	}
+
+	// Generate sequence only when email is unavailable
+	seq := time.Now().UnixNano() % 100000
+
+	// Priority 2: For IDC, use startUrl identifier with sequence
+	if authMethod == "idc" && tokenData.StartURL != "" {
+		identifier := ExtractIDCIdentifier(tokenData.StartURL)
+		if identifier != "" {
+			return fmt.Sprintf("kiro-%s-%s-%05d.json", authMethod, identifier, seq)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Priority 3: Fallback to authMethod only with sequence
+	return fmt.Sprintf("kiro-%s-%05d.json", authMethod, seq)
+}
+
+// DefaultKiroRegion is the fallback region when none is specified.
+const DefaultKiroRegion = "us-east-1"
+
+// GetCodeWhispererLegacyEndpoint returns the legacy CodeWhisperer JSON-RPC endpoint.
+// This endpoint supports JSON-RPC style requests with x-amz-target headers.
+// The Q endpoint (q.{region}.amazonaws.com) does NOT support JSON-RPC style.
+func GetCodeWhispererLegacyEndpoint(region string) string {
+	if region == "" {
+		region = DefaultKiroRegion
+	}
+	return "https://codewhisperer." + region + ".amazonaws.com"
+}
+
+// ProfileARN represents a parsed AWS CodeWhisperer profile ARN.
+// ARN format: arn:partition:service:region:account-id:resource-type/resource-id
+// Example: arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABCDEFGHIJKL
+type ProfileARN struct {
+	// Raw is the original ARN string
+	Raw string
+	// Partition is the AWS partition (aws)
+	Partition string
+	// Service is the AWS service name (codewhisperer)
+	Service string
+	// Region is the AWS region (us-east-1, ap-southeast-1, etc.)
+	Region string
+	// AccountID is the AWS account ID
+	AccountID string
+	// ResourceType is the resource type (profile)
+	ResourceType string
+	// ResourceID is the resource identifier (e.g., ABCDEFGHIJKL)
+	ResourceID string
+}
+
+// ParseProfileARN parses an AWS ARN string into a ProfileARN struct.
+// Returns nil if the ARN is empty, invalid, or not a codewhisperer ARN.
+func ParseProfileARN(arn string) *ProfileARN {
+	if arn == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// ARN format: arn:partition:service:region:account-id:resource
+	// Minimum 6 parts separated by ":"
+	parts := strings.Split(arn, ":")
+	if len(parts) < 6 {
+		log.Warnf("invalid ARN format: %s", arn)
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Validate ARN prefix
+	if parts[0] != "arn" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Validate partition
+	partition := parts[1]
+	if partition == "" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Validate service is codewhisperer
+	service := parts[2]
+	if service != "codewhisperer" {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Validate region format (must contain "-")
+	region := parts[3]
+	if region == "" || !strings.Contains(region, "-") {
+		return nil
+	}
+	// Account ID
+	accountID := parts[4]
+
+	// Parse resource (format: resource-type/resource-id)
+	// Join remaining parts in case resource contains ":"
+	resource := strings.Join(parts[5:], ":")
+	resourceType := ""
+	resourceID := ""
+	if idx := strings.Index(resource, "/"); idx > 0 {
+		resourceType = resource[:idx]
+		resourceID = resource[idx+1:]
+	} else {
+		resourceType = resource
+	}
+
+	return &ProfileARN{
+		Raw:          arn,
+		Partition:    partition,
+		Service:      service,
+		Region:       region,
+		AccountID:    accountID,
+		ResourceType: resourceType,
+		ResourceID:   resourceID,
+	}
+}
+
+// GetKiroAPIEndpoint returns the Q API endpoint for the specified region.
+// If region is empty, defaults to us-east-1.
+func GetKiroAPIEndpoint(region string) string {
+	if region == "" {
+		region = DefaultKiroRegion
+	}
+	return "https://q." + region + ".amazonaws.com"
+}
+
+// GetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn extracts region from profileArn and returns the endpoint.
+// Returns default us-east-1 endpoint if region cannot be extracted.
+func GetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn(profileArn string) string {
+	region := ExtractRegionFromProfileArn(profileArn)
+	return GetKiroAPIEndpoint(region)
+}
+
+// ExtractRegionFromProfileArn extracts the AWS region from a ProfileARN string.
+// Returns empty string if ARN is invalid or region cannot be extracted.
+func ExtractRegionFromProfileArn(profileArn string) string {
+	parsed := ParseProfileARN(profileArn)
+	if parsed == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return parsed.Region
+}
+
+// ExtractRegionFromMetadata extracts API region from auth metadata.
+// Priority: api_region > profile_arn > DefaultKiroRegion
+func ExtractRegionFromMetadata(metadata map[string]interface{}) string {
+	if metadata == nil {
+		return DefaultKiroRegion
+	}
+
+	// Priority 1: Explicit api_region override
+	if r, ok := metadata["api_region"].(string); ok && r != "" {
+		return r
+	}
+
+	// Priority 2: Extract from ProfileARN
+	if profileArn, ok := metadata["profile_arn"].(string); ok && profileArn != "" {
+		if region := ExtractRegionFromProfileArn(profileArn); region != "" {
+			return region
+		}
+	}
+
+	return DefaultKiroRegion
+}
+
+func buildURL(endpoint, path string, queryParams map[string]string) string {
+	fullURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s/%s", endpoint, path)
+	if len(queryParams) > 0 {
+		values := url.Values{}
+		for key, value := range queryParams {
+			if value == "" {
+				continue
+			}
+			values.Set(key, value)
+		}
+		if encoded := values.Encode(); encoded != "" {
+			fullURL = fullURL + "?" + encoded
+		}
+	}
+	return fullURL
+}

internal/auth/kiro/aws_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,326 @@
+// Package kiro provides OAuth2 authentication functionality for AWS CodeWhisperer (Kiro) API.
+// This package implements token loading, refresh, and API communication with CodeWhisperer.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	pathGetUsageLimits      = "getUsageLimits"
+	pathListAvailableModels = "ListAvailableModels"
+)
+
+// KiroAuth handles AWS CodeWhisperer authentication and API communication.
+// It provides methods for loading tokens, refreshing expired tokens,
+// and communicating with the CodeWhisperer API.
+type KiroAuth struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+// NewKiroAuth creates a new Kiro authentication service.
+// It initializes the HTTP client with proxy settings from the configuration.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - cfg: The application configuration containing proxy settings
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - *KiroAuth: A new Kiro authentication service instance
+func NewKiroAuth(cfg *config.Config) *KiroAuth {
+	return &KiroAuth{
+		httpClient: util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, &http.Client{Timeout: 120 * time.Second}),
+	}
+}
+
+// LoadTokenFromFile loads token data from a file path.
+// This method reads and parses the token file, expanding ~ to the home directory.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - tokenFile: Path to the token file (supports ~ expansion)
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - *KiroTokenData: The parsed token data
+//   - error: An error if file reading or parsing fails
+func (k *KiroAuth) LoadTokenFromFile(tokenFile string) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	// Expand ~ to home directory
+	if strings.HasPrefix(tokenFile, "~") {
+		home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get home directory: %w", err)
+		}
+		tokenFile = filepath.Join(home, tokenFile[1:])
+	}
+
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(tokenFile)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read token file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var tokenData KiroTokenData
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &tokenData); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &tokenData, nil
+}
+
+// IsTokenExpired checks if the token has expired.
+// This method parses the expiration timestamp and compares it with the current time.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - tokenData: The token data to check
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - bool: True if the token has expired, false otherwise
+func (k *KiroAuth) IsTokenExpired(tokenData *KiroTokenData) bool {
+	if tokenData.ExpiresAt == "" {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	expiresAt, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, tokenData.ExpiresAt)
+	if err != nil {
+		// Try alternate format
+		expiresAt, err = time.Parse("2006-01-02T15:04:05.000Z", tokenData.ExpiresAt)
+		if err != nil {
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+
+	return time.Now().After(expiresAt)
+}
+
+// makeRequest sends a REST-style GET request to the CodeWhisperer API.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ctx: The context for the request
+//   - path: The API path (e.g., "getUsageLimits")
+//   - tokenData: The token data containing access token, refresh token, and profile ARN
+//   - queryParams: Query parameters to add to the URL
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - []byte: The response body
+//   - error: An error if the request fails
+func (k *KiroAuth) makeRequest(ctx context.Context, path string, tokenData *KiroTokenData, queryParams map[string]string) ([]byte, error) {
+	// Get endpoint from profileArn (defaults to us-east-1 if empty)
+	profileArn := queryParams["profileArn"]
+	endpoint := GetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn(profileArn)
+	url := buildURL(endpoint, path, queryParams)
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	accountKey := GetAccountKey(tokenData.ClientID, tokenData.RefreshToken)
+	setRuntimeHeaders(req, tokenData.AccessToken, accountKey)
+
+	resp, err := k.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer func() {
+		if errClose := resp.Body.Close(); errClose != nil {
+			log.Errorf("failed to close response body: %v", errClose)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API error (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	return body, nil
+}
+
+// GetUsageLimits retrieves usage information from the CodeWhisperer API.
+// This method fetches the current usage statistics and subscription information.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ctx: The context for the request
+//   - tokenData: The token data containing access token and profile ARN
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - *KiroUsageInfo: The usage information
+//   - error: An error if the request fails
+func (k *KiroAuth) GetUsageLimits(ctx context.Context, tokenData *KiroTokenData) (*KiroUsageInfo, error) {
+	queryParams := map[string]string{
+		"origin":       "AI_EDITOR",
+		"profileArn":   tokenData.ProfileArn,
+		"resourceType": "AGENTIC_REQUEST",
+	}
+
+	body, err := k.makeRequest(ctx, pathGetUsageLimits, tokenData, queryParams)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var result struct {
+		SubscriptionInfo struct {
+			SubscriptionTitle string `json:"subscriptionTitle"`
+		} `json:"subscriptionInfo"`
+		UsageBreakdownList []struct {
+			CurrentUsageWithPrecision float64 `json:"currentUsageWithPrecision"`
+			UsageLimitWithPrecision   float64 `json:"usageLimitWithPrecision"`
+		} `json:"usageBreakdownList"`
+		NextDateReset float64 `json:"nextDateReset"`
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse usage response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	usage := &KiroUsageInfo{
+		SubscriptionTitle: result.SubscriptionInfo.SubscriptionTitle,
+		NextReset:         fmt.Sprintf("%v", result.NextDateReset),
+	}
+
+	if len(result.UsageBreakdownList) > 0 {
+		usage.CurrentUsage = result.UsageBreakdownList[0].CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+		usage.UsageLimit = result.UsageBreakdownList[0].UsageLimitWithPrecision
+	}
+
+	return usage, nil
+}
+
+// ListAvailableModels retrieves available models from the CodeWhisperer API.
+// This method fetches the list of AI models available for the authenticated user.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ctx: The context for the request
+//   - tokenData: The token data containing access token and profile ARN
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - []*KiroModel: The list of available models
+//   - error: An error if the request fails
+func (k *KiroAuth) ListAvailableModels(ctx context.Context, tokenData *KiroTokenData) ([]*KiroModel, error) {
+	queryParams := map[string]string{
+		"origin":     "AI_EDITOR",
+		"profileArn": tokenData.ProfileArn,
+	}
+
+	body, err := k.makeRequest(ctx, pathListAvailableModels, tokenData, queryParams)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var result struct {
+		Models []struct {
+			ModelID        string  `json:"modelId"`
+			ModelName      string  `json:"modelName"`
+			Description    string  `json:"description"`
+			RateMultiplier float64 `json:"rateMultiplier"`
+			RateUnit       string  `json:"rateUnit"`
+			TokenLimits    *struct {
+				MaxInputTokens int `json:"maxInputTokens"`
+			} `json:"tokenLimits"`
+		} `json:"models"`
+	}
+
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse models response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	models := make([]*KiroModel, 0, len(result.Models))
+	for _, m := range result.Models {
+		maxInputTokens := 0
+		if m.TokenLimits != nil {
+			maxInputTokens = m.TokenLimits.MaxInputTokens
+		}
+		models = append(models, &KiroModel{
+			ModelID:        m.ModelID,
+			ModelName:      m.ModelName,
+			Description:    m.Description,
+			RateMultiplier: m.RateMultiplier,
+			RateUnit:       m.RateUnit,
+			MaxInputTokens: maxInputTokens,
+		})
+	}
+
+	return models, nil
+}
+
+// CreateTokenStorage creates a new KiroTokenStorage from token data.
+// This method converts the token data into a storage structure suitable for persistence.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - tokenData: The token data to convert
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - *KiroTokenStorage: A new token storage instance
+func (k *KiroAuth) CreateTokenStorage(tokenData *KiroTokenData) *KiroTokenStorage {
+	return &KiroTokenStorage{
+		AccessToken:  tokenData.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken: tokenData.RefreshToken,
+		ProfileArn:   tokenData.ProfileArn,
+		ExpiresAt:    tokenData.ExpiresAt,
+		AuthMethod:   tokenData.AuthMethod,
+		Provider:     tokenData.Provider,
+		LastRefresh:  time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		ClientID:     tokenData.ClientID,
+		ClientSecret: tokenData.ClientSecret,
+		Region:       tokenData.Region,
+		StartURL:     tokenData.StartURL,
+		Email:        tokenData.Email,
+	}
+}
+
+// ValidateToken checks if the token is valid by making a test API call.
+// This method verifies the token by attempting to fetch usage limits.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ctx: The context for the request
+//   - tokenData: The token data to validate
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - error: An error if the token is invalid
+func (k *KiroAuth) ValidateToken(ctx context.Context, tokenData *KiroTokenData) error {
+	_, err := k.GetUsageLimits(ctx, tokenData)
+	return err
+}
+
+// UpdateTokenStorage updates an existing token storage with new token data.
+// This method refreshes the token storage with newly obtained access and refresh tokens.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - storage: The existing token storage to update
+//   - tokenData: The new token data to apply
+func (k *KiroAuth) UpdateTokenStorage(storage *KiroTokenStorage, tokenData *KiroTokenData) {
+	storage.AccessToken = tokenData.AccessToken
+	storage.RefreshToken = tokenData.RefreshToken
+	storage.ProfileArn = tokenData.ProfileArn
+	storage.ExpiresAt = tokenData.ExpiresAt
+	storage.AuthMethod = tokenData.AuthMethod
+	storage.Provider = tokenData.Provider
+	storage.LastRefresh = time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+	if tokenData.ClientID != "" {
+		storage.ClientID = tokenData.ClientID
+	}
+	if tokenData.ClientSecret != "" {
+		storage.ClientSecret = tokenData.ClientSecret
+	}
+	if tokenData.Region != "" {
+		storage.Region = tokenData.Region
+	}
+	if tokenData.StartURL != "" {
+		storage.StartURL = tokenData.StartURL
+	}
+	if tokenData.Email != "" {
+		storage.Email = tokenData.Email
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/aws_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,751 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestExtractEmailFromJWT(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		token    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Empty token",
+			token:    "",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Invalid token format",
+			token:    "not.a.valid.jwt",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Invalid token - not base64",
+			token:    "xxx.yyy.zzz",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Valid JWT with email",
+			token:    createTestJWT(map[string]any{"email": "test@example.com", "sub": "user123"}),
+			expected: "test@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "JWT without email but with preferred_username",
+			token:    createTestJWT(map[string]any{"preferred_username": "user@domain.com", "sub": "user123"}),
+			expected: "user@domain.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "JWT with email-like sub",
+			token:    createTestJWT(map[string]any{"sub": "another@test.com"}),
+			expected: "another@test.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "JWT without any email fields",
+			token:    createTestJWT(map[string]any{"sub": "user123", "name": "Test User"}),
+			expected: "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := ExtractEmailFromJWT(tt.token)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("ExtractEmailFromJWT() = %q, want %q", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSanitizeEmailForFilename(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		email    string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Empty email",
+			email:    "",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Simple email",
+			email:    "user@example.com",
+			expected: "user@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Email with space",
+			email:    "user name@example.com",
+			expected: "user_name@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Email with special chars",
+			email:    "user:name@example.com",
+			expected: "user_name@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Email with multiple special chars",
+			email:    "user/name:test@example.com",
+			expected: "user_name_test@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Path traversal attempt",
+			email:    "../../../etc/passwd",
+			expected: "_.__.__._etc_passwd",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Path traversal with backslash",
+			email:    `..\..\..\..\windows\system32`,
+			expected: "_.__.__.__._windows_system32",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Null byte injection attempt",
+			email:    "user\x00@evil.com",
+			expected: "user_@evil.com",
+		},
+		// URL-encoded path traversal tests
+		{
+			name:     "URL-encoded slash",
+			email:    "user%2Fpath@example.com",
+			expected: "user_path@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "URL-encoded backslash",
+			email:    "user%5Cpath@example.com",
+			expected: "user_path@example.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "URL-encoded dot",
+			email:    "%2E%2E%2Fetc%2Fpasswd",
+			expected: "___etc_passwd",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "URL-encoded null",
+			email:    "user%00@evil.com",
+			expected: "user_@evil.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Double URL-encoding attack",
+			email:    "%252F%252E%252E",
+			expected: "_252F_252E_252E", // % replaced with _, remaining chars preserved (safe)
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Mixed case URL-encoding",
+			email:    "%2f%2F%5c%5C",
+			expected: "____",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := SanitizeEmailForFilename(tt.email)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("SanitizeEmailForFilename() = %q, want %q", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+// createTestJWT creates a test JWT token with the given claims
+func createTestJWT(claims map[string]any) string {
+	header := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte(`{"alg":"RS256","typ":"JWT"}`))
+
+	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(claims)
+	payload := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(payloadBytes)
+
+	signature := base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString([]byte("fake-signature"))
+
+	return header + "." + payload + "." + signature
+}
+
+func TestExtractIDCIdentifier(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		startURL string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Empty URL",
+			startURL: "",
+			expected: "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Standard IDC URL with d- prefix",
+			startURL: "https://d-1234567890.awsapps.com/start",
+			expected: "d-1234567890",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "IDC URL with company name",
+			startURL: "https://my-company.awsapps.com/start",
+			expected: "my-company",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "IDC URL with simple name",
+			startURL: "https://acme-corp.awsapps.com/start",
+			expected: "acme-corp",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "IDC URL without https",
+			startURL: "http://d-9876543210.awsapps.com/start",
+			expected: "d-9876543210",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "IDC URL with subdomain only",
+			startURL: "https://test.awsapps.com/start",
+			expected: "test",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Builder ID URL",
+			startURL: "https://view.awsapps.com/start",
+			expected: "view",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := ExtractIDCIdentifier(tt.startURL)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("ExtractIDCIdentifier() = %q, want %q", result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateTokenFileName(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name      string
+		tokenData *KiroTokenData
+		exact     string // exact match (for cases with email)
+		prefix    string // prefix match (for cases without email, where sequence is appended)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "IDC with email",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "idc",
+				Email:      "user@example.com",
+				StartURL:   "https://d-1234567890.awsapps.com/start",
+			},
+			exact: "kiro-idc-user-example-com.json",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IDC without email but with startUrl",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "idc",
+				Email:      "",
+				StartURL:   "https://d-1234567890.awsapps.com/start",
+			},
+			prefix: "kiro-idc-d-1234567890-",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IDC with company name in startUrl",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "idc",
+				Email:      "",
+				StartURL:   "https://my-company.awsapps.com/start",
+			},
+			prefix: "kiro-idc-my-company-",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "IDC without email and without startUrl",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "idc",
+				Email:      "",
+				StartURL:   "",
+			},
+			prefix: "kiro-idc-",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Builder ID with email",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "builder-id",
+				Email:      "user@gmail.com",
+				StartURL:   "https://view.awsapps.com/start",
+			},
+			exact: "kiro-builder-id-user-gmail-com.json",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Builder ID without email",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "builder-id",
+				Email:      "",
+				StartURL:   "https://view.awsapps.com/start",
+			},
+			prefix: "kiro-builder-id-",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Social auth with email",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "google",
+				Email:      "user@gmail.com",
+			},
+			exact: "kiro-google-user-gmail-com.json",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Empty auth method",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "",
+				Email:      "",
+			},
+			prefix: "kiro-unknown-",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Email with special characters",
+			tokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AuthMethod: "idc",
+				Email:      "user.name+tag@sub.example.com",
+				StartURL:   "https://d-1234567890.awsapps.com/start",
+			},
+			exact: "kiro-idc-user-name+tag-sub-example-com.json",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GenerateTokenFileName(tt.tokenData)
+			if tt.exact != "" {
+				if result != tt.exact {
+					t.Errorf("GenerateTokenFileName() = %q, want %q", result, tt.exact)
+				}
+			} else if tt.prefix != "" {
+				if !strings.HasPrefix(result, tt.prefix) || !strings.HasSuffix(result, ".json") {
+					t.Errorf("GenerateTokenFileName() = %q, want prefix %q with .json suffix", result, tt.prefix)
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestParseProfileARN(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		arn      string
+		expected *ProfileARN
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Empty ARN",
+			arn:      "",
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Invalid format - too few parts",
+			arn:      "arn:aws:codewhisperer",
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Invalid prefix - not arn",
+			arn:      "notarn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Invalid service - not codewhisperer",
+			arn:      "arn:aws:s3:us-east-1:123456789012:bucket/mybucket",
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Invalid region - no hyphen",
+			arn:      "arn:aws:codewhisperer:useast1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Empty partition",
+			arn:      "arn::codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Empty region",
+			arn:      "arn:aws:codewhisperer::123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected: nil,
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Valid ARN - us-east-1",
+			arn:  "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABCDEFGHIJKL",
+			expected: &ProfileARN{
+				Raw:          "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABCDEFGHIJKL",
+				Partition:    "aws",
+				Service:      "codewhisperer",
+				Region:       "us-east-1",
+				AccountID:    "123456789012",
+				ResourceType: "profile",
+				ResourceID:   "ABCDEFGHIJKL",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Valid ARN - ap-southeast-1",
+			arn:  "arn:aws:codewhisperer:ap-southeast-1:987654321098:profile/ZYXWVUTSRQ",
+			expected: &ProfileARN{
+				Raw:          "arn:aws:codewhisperer:ap-southeast-1:987654321098:profile/ZYXWVUTSRQ",
+				Partition:    "aws",
+				Service:      "codewhisperer",
+				Region:       "ap-southeast-1",
+				AccountID:    "987654321098",
+				ResourceType: "profile",
+				ResourceID:   "ZYXWVUTSRQ",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Valid ARN - eu-west-1",
+			arn:  "arn:aws:codewhisperer:eu-west-1:111222333444:profile/PROFILE123",
+			expected: &ProfileARN{
+				Raw:          "arn:aws:codewhisperer:eu-west-1:111222333444:profile/PROFILE123",
+				Partition:    "aws",
+				Service:      "codewhisperer",
+				Region:       "eu-west-1",
+				AccountID:    "111222333444",
+				ResourceType: "profile",
+				ResourceID:   "PROFILE123",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Valid ARN - aws-cn partition",
+			arn:  "arn:aws-cn:codewhisperer:cn-north-1:123456789012:profile/CHINAID",
+			expected: &ProfileARN{
+				Raw:          "arn:aws-cn:codewhisperer:cn-north-1:123456789012:profile/CHINAID",
+				Partition:    "aws-cn",
+				Service:      "codewhisperer",
+				Region:       "cn-north-1",
+				AccountID:    "123456789012",
+				ResourceType: "profile",
+				ResourceID:   "CHINAID",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Valid ARN - resource without slash",
+			arn:  "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-west-2:123456789012:profile",
+			expected: &ProfileARN{
+				Raw:          "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-west-2:123456789012:profile",
+				Partition:    "aws",
+				Service:      "codewhisperer",
+				Region:       "us-west-2",
+				AccountID:    "123456789012",
+				ResourceType: "profile",
+				ResourceID:   "",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Valid ARN - resource with colon",
+			arn:  "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC:extra",
+			expected: &ProfileARN{
+				Raw:          "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC:extra",
+				Partition:    "aws",
+				Service:      "codewhisperer",
+				Region:       "us-east-1",
+				AccountID:    "123456789012",
+				ResourceType: "profile",
+				ResourceID:   "ABC:extra",
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := ParseProfileARN(tt.arn)
+			if tt.expected == nil {
+				if result != nil {
+					t.Errorf("ParseProfileARN(%q) = %+v, want nil", tt.arn, result)
+				}
+				return
+			}
+			if result == nil {
+				t.Errorf("ParseProfileARN(%q) = nil, want %+v", tt.arn, tt.expected)
+				return
+			}
+			if result.Raw != tt.expected.Raw {
+				t.Errorf("Raw = %q, want %q", result.Raw, tt.expected.Raw)
+			}
+			if result.Partition != tt.expected.Partition {
+				t.Errorf("Partition = %q, want %q", result.Partition, tt.expected.Partition)
+			}
+			if result.Service != tt.expected.Service {
+				t.Errorf("Service = %q, want %q", result.Service, tt.expected.Service)
+			}
+			if result.Region != tt.expected.Region {
+				t.Errorf("Region = %q, want %q", result.Region, tt.expected.Region)
+			}
+			if result.AccountID != tt.expected.AccountID {
+				t.Errorf("AccountID = %q, want %q", result.AccountID, tt.expected.AccountID)
+			}
+			if result.ResourceType != tt.expected.ResourceType {
+				t.Errorf("ResourceType = %q, want %q", result.ResourceType, tt.expected.ResourceType)
+			}
+			if result.ResourceID != tt.expected.ResourceID {
+				t.Errorf("ResourceID = %q, want %q", result.ResourceID, tt.expected.ResourceID)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractRegionFromProfileArn(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		profileArn string
+		expected   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "Empty ARN",
+			profileArn: "",
+			expected:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Invalid ARN",
+			profileArn: "invalid-arn",
+			expected:   "",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Valid ARN - us-east-1",
+			profileArn: "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected:   "us-east-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Valid ARN - ap-southeast-1",
+			profileArn: "arn:aws:codewhisperer:ap-southeast-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected:   "ap-southeast-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Valid ARN - eu-central-1",
+			profileArn: "arn:aws:codewhisperer:eu-central-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected:   "eu-central-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Non-codewhisperer ARN",
+			profileArn: "arn:aws:s3:us-east-1:123456789012:bucket/mybucket",
+			expected:   "",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := ExtractRegionFromProfileArn(tt.profileArn)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("ExtractRegionFromProfileArn(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.profileArn, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetKiroAPIEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		region   string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Empty region - defaults to us-east-1",
+			region:   "",
+			expected: "https://q.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "us-east-1",
+			region:   "us-east-1",
+			expected: "https://q.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "us-west-2",
+			region:   "us-west-2",
+			expected: "https://q.us-west-2.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "ap-southeast-1",
+			region:   "ap-southeast-1",
+			expected: "https://q.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "eu-west-1",
+			region:   "eu-west-1",
+			expected: "https://q.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "cn-north-1",
+			region:   "cn-north-1",
+			expected: "https://q.cn-north-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GetKiroAPIEndpoint(tt.region)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("GetKiroAPIEndpoint(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.region, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name       string
+		profileArn string
+		expected   string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:       "Empty ARN - defaults to us-east-1",
+			profileArn: "",
+			expected:   "https://q.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Invalid ARN - defaults to us-east-1",
+			profileArn: "invalid-arn",
+			expected:   "https://q.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Valid ARN - us-east-1",
+			profileArn: "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected:   "https://q.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Valid ARN - ap-southeast-1",
+			profileArn: "arn:aws:codewhisperer:ap-southeast-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected:   "https://q.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:       "Valid ARN - eu-central-1",
+			profileArn: "arn:aws:codewhisperer:eu-central-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			expected:   "https://q.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn(tt.profileArn)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("GetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.profileArn, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetCodeWhispererLegacyEndpoint(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		region   string
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Empty region - defaults to us-east-1",
+			region:   "",
+			expected: "https://codewhisperer.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "us-east-1",
+			region:   "us-east-1",
+			expected: "https://codewhisperer.us-east-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "us-west-2",
+			region:   "us-west-2",
+			expected: "https://codewhisperer.us-west-2.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "ap-northeast-1",
+			region:   "ap-northeast-1",
+			expected: "https://codewhisperer.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GetCodeWhispererLegacyEndpoint(tt.region)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("GetCodeWhispererLegacyEndpoint(%q) = %q, want %q", tt.region, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestExtractRegionFromMetadata(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name     string
+		metadata map[string]interface{}
+		expected string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:     "Nil metadata - defaults to us-east-1",
+			metadata: nil,
+			expected: "us-east-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "Empty metadata - defaults to us-east-1",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{},
+			expected: "us-east-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Priority 1: api_region override",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"api_region":  "eu-west-1",
+				"profile_arn": "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			},
+			expected: "eu-west-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Priority 2: profile_arn when api_region is empty",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"api_region":  "",
+				"profile_arn": "arn:aws:codewhisperer:ap-southeast-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			},
+			expected: "ap-southeast-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Priority 2: profile_arn when api_region is missing",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"profile_arn": "arn:aws:codewhisperer:eu-central-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			},
+			expected: "eu-central-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Fallback: default when profile_arn is invalid",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"profile_arn": "invalid-arn",
+			},
+			expected: "us-east-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Fallback: default when profile_arn is empty",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"profile_arn": "",
+			},
+			expected: "us-east-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "OIDC region is NOT used for API region",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"region": "ap-northeast-2", // OIDC region - should be ignored
+			},
+			expected: "us-east-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "api_region takes precedence over OIDC region",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"api_region": "us-west-2",
+				"region":     "ap-northeast-2", // OIDC region - should be ignored
+			},
+			expected: "us-west-2",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Non-string api_region is ignored",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"api_region":  123, // wrong type
+				"profile_arn": "arn:aws:codewhisperer:ap-south-1:123456789012:profile/ABC",
+			},
+			expected: "ap-south-1",
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Non-string profile_arn is ignored",
+			metadata: map[string]interface{}{
+				"profile_arn": 123, // wrong type
+			},
+			expected: "us-east-1",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := ExtractRegionFromMetadata(tt.metadata)
+			if result != tt.expected {
+				t.Errorf("ExtractRegionFromMetadata(%v) = %q, want %q", tt.metadata, result, tt.expected)
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+

internal/auth/kiro/background_refresh.go

@@ -0,0 +1,247 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"log"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"golang.org/x/sync/semaphore"
+)
+
+type Token struct {
+	ID           string
+	AccessToken  string
+	RefreshToken string
+	ExpiresAt    time.Time
+	LastVerified time.Time
+	ClientID     string
+	ClientSecret string
+	AuthMethod   string
+	Provider     string
+	StartURL     string
+	Region       string
+}
+
+type TokenRepository interface {
+	FindOldestUnverified(limit int) []*Token
+	UpdateToken(token *Token) error
+}
+
+type RefresherOption func(*BackgroundRefresher)
+
+func WithInterval(interval time.Duration) RefresherOption {
+	return func(r *BackgroundRefresher) {
+		r.interval = interval
+	}
+}
+
+func WithBatchSize(size int) RefresherOption {
+	return func(r *BackgroundRefresher) {
+		r.batchSize = size
+	}
+}
+
+func WithConcurrency(concurrency int) RefresherOption {
+	return func(r *BackgroundRefresher) {
+		r.concurrency = concurrency
+	}
+}
+
+type BackgroundRefresher struct {
+	interval         time.Duration
+	batchSize        int
+	concurrency      int
+	tokenRepo        TokenRepository
+	stopCh           chan struct{}
+	wg               sync.WaitGroup
+	oauth            *KiroOAuth
+	ssoClient        *SSOOIDCClient
+	callbackMu       sync.RWMutex                                   // 保护回调函数的并发访问
+	onTokenRefreshed func(tokenID string, tokenData *KiroTokenData) // 刷新成功回调
+}
+
+func NewBackgroundRefresher(repo TokenRepository, opts ...RefresherOption) *BackgroundRefresher {
+	r := &BackgroundRefresher{
+		interval:    time.Minute,
+		batchSize:   50,
+		concurrency: 10,
+		tokenRepo:   repo,
+		stopCh:      make(chan struct{}),
+		oauth:       nil, // Lazy init - will be set when config available
+		ssoClient:   nil, // Lazy init - will be set when config available
+	}
+	for _, opt := range opts {
+		opt(r)
+	}
+	return r
+}
+
+// WithConfig sets the configuration for OAuth and SSO clients.
+func WithConfig(cfg *config.Config) RefresherOption {
+	return func(r *BackgroundRefresher) {
+		r.oauth = NewKiroOAuth(cfg)
+		r.ssoClient = NewSSOOIDCClient(cfg)
+	}
+}
+
+// WithOnTokenRefreshed sets the callback function to be called when a token is successfully refreshed.
+// The callback receives the token ID (filename) and the new token data.
+// This allows external components (e.g., Watcher) to be notified of token updates.
+func WithOnTokenRefreshed(callback func(tokenID string, tokenData *KiroTokenData)) RefresherOption {
+	return func(r *BackgroundRefresher) {
+		r.callbackMu.Lock()
+		r.onTokenRefreshed = callback
+		r.callbackMu.Unlock()
+	}
+}
+
+func (r *BackgroundRefresher) Start(ctx context.Context) {
+	r.wg.Add(1)
+	go func() {
+		defer r.wg.Done()
+		ticker := time.NewTicker(r.interval)
+		defer ticker.Stop()
+
+		r.refreshBatch(ctx)
+
+		for {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-r.stopCh:
+				return
+			case <-ticker.C:
+				r.refreshBatch(ctx)
+			}
+		}
+	}()
+}
+
+func (r *BackgroundRefresher) Stop() {
+	close(r.stopCh)
+	r.wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func (r *BackgroundRefresher) refreshBatch(ctx context.Context) {
+	tokens := r.tokenRepo.FindOldestUnverified(r.batchSize)
+	if len(tokens) == 0 {
+		return
+	}
+
+	sem := semaphore.NewWeighted(int64(r.concurrency))
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+
+	for i, token := range tokens {
+		if i > 0 {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return
+			case <-r.stopCh:
+				return
+			case <-time.After(100 * time.Millisecond):
+			}
+		}
+
+		if err := sem.Acquire(ctx, 1); err != nil {
+			return
+		}
+
+		wg.Add(1)
+		go func(t *Token) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			defer sem.Release(1)
+			r.refreshSingle(ctx, t)
+		}(token)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func (r *BackgroundRefresher) refreshSingle(ctx context.Context, token *Token) {
+	// Normalize auth method to lowercase for case-insensitive matching
+	authMethod := strings.ToLower(token.AuthMethod)
+
+	// Create refresh function based on auth method
+	refreshFunc := func(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+		switch authMethod {
+		case "idc":
+			return r.ssoClient.RefreshTokenWithRegion(
+				ctx,
+				token.ClientID,
+				token.ClientSecret,
+				token.RefreshToken,
+				token.Region,
+				token.StartURL,
+			)
+		case "builder-id":
+			return r.ssoClient.RefreshToken(
+				ctx,
+				token.ClientID,
+				token.ClientSecret,
+				token.RefreshToken,
+			)
+		default:
+			return r.oauth.RefreshTokenWithFingerprint(ctx, token.RefreshToken, token.ID)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Use graceful degradation for better reliability
+	result := RefreshWithGracefulDegradation(
+		ctx,
+		refreshFunc,
+		token.AccessToken,
+		token.ExpiresAt,
+	)
+
+	if result.Error != nil {
+		log.Printf("failed to refresh token %s: %v", token.ID, result.Error)
+		return
+	}
+
+	newTokenData := result.TokenData
+	if result.UsedFallback {
+		log.Printf("token %s: using existing token as fallback (refresh failed but token still valid)", token.ID)
+		// Don't update the token file if we're using fallback
+		// Just update LastVerified to prevent immediate re-check
+		token.LastVerified = time.Now()
+		return
+	}
+
+	token.AccessToken = newTokenData.AccessToken
+	if newTokenData.RefreshToken != "" {
+		token.RefreshToken = newTokenData.RefreshToken
+	}
+	token.LastVerified = time.Now()
+
+	if newTokenData.ExpiresAt != "" {
+		if expTime, parseErr := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, newTokenData.ExpiresAt); parseErr == nil {
+			token.ExpiresAt = expTime
+		}
+	}
+
+	if err := r.tokenRepo.UpdateToken(token); err != nil {
+		log.Printf("failed to update token %s: %v", token.ID, err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// 方案 A: 刷新成功后触发回调，通知 Watcher 更新内存中的 Auth 对象
+	r.callbackMu.RLock()
+	callback := r.onTokenRefreshed
+	r.callbackMu.RUnlock()
+
+	if callback != nil {
+		// 使用 defer recover 隔离回调 panic，防止崩溃整个进程
+		func() {
+			defer func() {
+				if rec := recover(); rec != nil {
+					log.Printf("background refresh: callback panic for token %s: %v", token.ID, rec)
+				}
+			}()
+			log.Printf("background refresh: notifying token refresh callback for %s", token.ID)
+			callback(token.ID, newTokenData)
+		}()
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/codewhisperer_client.go

@@ -0,0 +1,153 @@
+// Package kiro provides CodeWhisperer API client for fetching user info.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// CodeWhispererClient handles CodeWhisperer API calls.
+type CodeWhispererClient struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+// UsageLimitsResponse represents the getUsageLimits API response.
+type UsageLimitsResponse struct {
+	DaysUntilReset     *int              `json:"daysUntilReset,omitempty"`
+	NextDateReset      *float64          `json:"nextDateReset,omitempty"`
+	UserInfo           *UserInfo         `json:"userInfo,omitempty"`
+	SubscriptionInfo   *SubscriptionInfo `json:"subscriptionInfo,omitempty"`
+	UsageBreakdownList []UsageBreakdown  `json:"usageBreakdownList,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// UserInfo contains user information from the API.
+type UserInfo struct {
+	Email  string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+	UserID string `json:"userId,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// SubscriptionInfo contains subscription details.
+type SubscriptionInfo struct {
+	SubscriptionTitle string `json:"subscriptionTitle,omitempty"`
+	Type              string `json:"type,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// UsageBreakdown contains usage details.
+type UsageBreakdown struct {
+	UsageLimit                *int     `json:"usageLimit,omitempty"`
+	CurrentUsage              *int     `json:"currentUsage,omitempty"`
+	UsageLimitWithPrecision   *float64 `json:"usageLimitWithPrecision,omitempty"`
+	CurrentUsageWithPrecision *float64 `json:"currentUsageWithPrecision,omitempty"`
+	NextDateReset             *float64 `json:"nextDateReset,omitempty"`
+	DisplayName               string   `json:"displayName,omitempty"`
+	ResourceType              string   `json:"resourceType,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// NewCodeWhispererClient creates a new CodeWhisperer client.
+func NewCodeWhispererClient(cfg *config.Config, machineID string) *CodeWhispererClient {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
+	if cfg != nil {
+		client = util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, client)
+	}
+	return &CodeWhispererClient{
+		httpClient: client,
+	}
+}
+
+// GetUsageLimits fetches usage limits and user info from CodeWhisperer API.
+// This is the recommended way to get user email after login.
+func (c *CodeWhispererClient) GetUsageLimits(ctx context.Context, accessToken, clientID, refreshToken, profileArn string) (*UsageLimitsResponse, error) {
+	queryParams := map[string]string{
+		"origin":       "AI_EDITOR",
+		"resourceType": "AGENTIC_REQUEST",
+	}
+	// Determine endpoint based on profileArn region
+	endpoint := GetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn(profileArn)
+	if profileArn != "" {
+		queryParams["profileArn"] = profileArn
+	} else {
+		queryParams["isEmailRequired"] = "true"
+	}
+	url := buildURL(endpoint, pathGetUsageLimits, queryParams)
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	accountKey := GetAccountKey(clientID, refreshToken)
+	setRuntimeHeaders(req, accessToken, accountKey)
+
+	log.Debugf("codewhisperer: GET %s", url)
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("codewhisperer: status=%d, body=%s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API returned status %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	var result UsageLimitsResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+// FetchUserEmailFromAPI fetches user email using CodeWhisperer getUsageLimits API.
+// This is more reliable than JWT parsing as it uses the official API.
+func (c *CodeWhispererClient) FetchUserEmailFromAPI(ctx context.Context, accessToken, clientID, refreshToken string) string {
+	resp, err := c.GetUsageLimits(ctx, accessToken, clientID, refreshToken, "")
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("codewhisperer: failed to get usage limits: %v", err)
+		return ""
+	}
+
+	if resp.UserInfo != nil && resp.UserInfo.Email != "" {
+		log.Debugf("codewhisperer: got email from API: %s", resp.UserInfo.Email)
+		return resp.UserInfo.Email
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("codewhisperer: no email in response")
+	return ""
+}
+
+// FetchUserEmailWithFallback fetches user email with multiple fallback methods.
+// Priority: 1. CodeWhisperer API  2. userinfo endpoint  3. JWT parsing
+func FetchUserEmailWithFallback(ctx context.Context, cfg *config.Config, accessToken, clientID, refreshToken string) string {
+	// Method 1: Try CodeWhisperer API (most reliable)
+	cwClient := NewCodeWhispererClient(cfg, "")
+	email := cwClient.FetchUserEmailFromAPI(ctx, accessToken, clientID, refreshToken)
+	if email != "" {
+		return email
+	}
+
+	// Method 2: Try SSO OIDC userinfo endpoint
+	ssoClient := NewSSOOIDCClient(cfg)
+	email = ssoClient.FetchUserEmail(ctx, accessToken)
+	if email != "" {
+		return email
+	}
+
+	// Method 3: Fallback to JWT parsing
+	return ExtractEmailFromJWT(accessToken)
+}

internal/auth/kiro/cooldown.go

@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	CooldownReason429         = "rate_limit_exceeded"
+	CooldownReasonSuspended   = "account_suspended"
+	CooldownReasonQuotaExhausted = "quota_exhausted"
+
+	DefaultShortCooldown = 1 * time.Minute
+	MaxShortCooldown     = 5 * time.Minute
+	LongCooldown         = 24 * time.Hour
+)
+
+type CooldownManager struct {
+	mu        sync.RWMutex
+	cooldowns map[string]time.Time
+	reasons   map[string]string
+}
+
+func NewCooldownManager() *CooldownManager {
+	return &CooldownManager{
+		cooldowns: make(map[string]time.Time),
+		reasons:   make(map[string]string),
+	}
+}
+
+func (cm *CooldownManager) SetCooldown(tokenKey string, duration time.Duration, reason string) {
+	cm.mu.Lock()
+	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
+	cm.cooldowns[tokenKey] = time.Now().Add(duration)
+	cm.reasons[tokenKey] = reason
+}
+
+func (cm *CooldownManager) IsInCooldown(tokenKey string) bool {
+	cm.mu.RLock()
+	defer cm.mu.RUnlock()
+	endTime, exists := cm.cooldowns[tokenKey]
+	if !exists {
+		return false
+	}
+	return time.Now().Before(endTime)
+}
+
+func (cm *CooldownManager) GetRemainingCooldown(tokenKey string) time.Duration {
+	cm.mu.RLock()
+	defer cm.mu.RUnlock()
+	endTime, exists := cm.cooldowns[tokenKey]
+	if !exists {
+		return 0
+	}
+	remaining := time.Until(endTime)
+	if remaining < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return remaining
+}
+
+func (cm *CooldownManager) GetCooldownReason(tokenKey string) string {
+	cm.mu.RLock()
+	defer cm.mu.RUnlock()
+	return cm.reasons[tokenKey]
+}
+
+func (cm *CooldownManager) ClearCooldown(tokenKey string) {
+	cm.mu.Lock()
+	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(cm.cooldowns, tokenKey)
+	delete(cm.reasons, tokenKey)
+}
+
+func (cm *CooldownManager) CleanupExpired() {
+	cm.mu.Lock()
+	defer cm.mu.Unlock()
+	now := time.Now()
+	for tokenKey, endTime := range cm.cooldowns {
+		if now.After(endTime) {
+			delete(cm.cooldowns, tokenKey)
+			delete(cm.reasons, tokenKey)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (cm *CooldownManager) StartCleanupRoutine(interval time.Duration, stopCh <-chan struct{}) {
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			cm.CleanupExpired()
+		case <-stopCh:
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func CalculateCooldownFor429(retryCount int) time.Duration {
+	duration := DefaultShortCooldown * time.Duration(1<<retryCount)
+	if duration > MaxShortCooldown {
+		return MaxShortCooldown
+	}
+	return duration
+}
+
+func CalculateCooldownUntilNextDay() time.Duration {
+	now := time.Now()
+	nextDay := time.Date(now.Year(), now.Month(), now.Day()+1, 0, 0, 0, 0, now.Location())
+	return time.Until(nextDay)
+}

internal/auth/kiro/cooldown_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,240 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestNewCooldownManager(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	if cm == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil CooldownManager")
+	}
+	if cm.cooldowns == nil {
+		t.Error("expected non-nil cooldowns map")
+	}
+	if cm.reasons == nil {
+		t.Error("expected non-nil reasons map")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetCooldown(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Minute, CooldownReason429)
+
+	if !cm.IsInCooldown("token1") {
+		t.Error("expected token to be in cooldown")
+	}
+	if cm.GetCooldownReason("token1") != CooldownReason429 {
+		t.Errorf("expected reason %s, got %s", CooldownReason429, cm.GetCooldownReason("token1"))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsInCooldown_NotSet(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	if cm.IsInCooldown("nonexistent") {
+		t.Error("expected non-existent token to not be in cooldown")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsInCooldown_Expired(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Millisecond, CooldownReason429)
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	if cm.IsInCooldown("token1") {
+		t.Error("expected expired cooldown to return false")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetRemainingCooldown(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Second, CooldownReason429)
+
+	remaining := cm.GetRemainingCooldown("token1")
+	if remaining <= 0 || remaining > 1*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("expected remaining cooldown between 0 and 1s, got %v", remaining)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetRemainingCooldown_NotSet(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	remaining := cm.GetRemainingCooldown("nonexistent")
+	if remaining != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 remaining for non-existent, got %v", remaining)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetRemainingCooldown_Expired(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Millisecond, CooldownReason429)
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	remaining := cm.GetRemainingCooldown("token1")
+	if remaining != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 remaining for expired, got %v", remaining)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetCooldownReason(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Minute, CooldownReasonSuspended)
+
+	reason := cm.GetCooldownReason("token1")
+	if reason != CooldownReasonSuspended {
+		t.Errorf("expected reason %s, got %s", CooldownReasonSuspended, reason)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetCooldownReason_NotSet(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	reason := cm.GetCooldownReason("nonexistent")
+	if reason != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty reason for non-existent, got %s", reason)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClearCooldown(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Minute, CooldownReason429)
+	cm.ClearCooldown("token1")
+
+	if cm.IsInCooldown("token1") {
+		t.Error("expected cooldown to be cleared")
+	}
+	if cm.GetCooldownReason("token1") != "" {
+		t.Error("expected reason to be cleared")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClearCooldown_NonExistent(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.ClearCooldown("nonexistent")
+}
+
+func TestCleanupExpired(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("expired1", 1*time.Millisecond, CooldownReason429)
+	cm.SetCooldown("expired2", 1*time.Millisecond, CooldownReason429)
+	cm.SetCooldown("active", 1*time.Hour, CooldownReason429)
+
+	time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
+	cm.CleanupExpired()
+
+	if cm.GetCooldownReason("expired1") != "" {
+		t.Error("expected expired1 to be cleaned up")
+	}
+	if cm.GetCooldownReason("expired2") != "" {
+		t.Error("expected expired2 to be cleaned up")
+	}
+	if cm.GetCooldownReason("active") != CooldownReason429 {
+		t.Error("expected active to remain")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCooldownFor429_FirstRetry(t *testing.T) {
+	duration := CalculateCooldownFor429(0)
+	if duration != DefaultShortCooldown {
+		t.Errorf("expected %v for retry 0, got %v", DefaultShortCooldown, duration)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCooldownFor429_Exponential(t *testing.T) {
+	d1 := CalculateCooldownFor429(1)
+	d2 := CalculateCooldownFor429(2)
+
+	if d2 <= d1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected d2 > d1, got d1=%v, d2=%v", d1, d2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCooldownFor429_MaxCap(t *testing.T) {
+	duration := CalculateCooldownFor429(10)
+	if duration > MaxShortCooldown {
+		t.Errorf("expected max %v, got %v", MaxShortCooldown, duration)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateCooldownUntilNextDay(t *testing.T) {
+	duration := CalculateCooldownUntilNextDay()
+	if duration <= 0 || duration > 24*time.Hour {
+		t.Errorf("expected duration between 0 and 24h, got %v", duration)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCooldownManager_ConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	const numGoroutines = 50
+	const numOperations = 100
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(numGoroutines)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			tokenKey := "token" + string(rune('a'+id%10))
+			for j := 0; j < numOperations; j++ {
+				switch j % 6 {
+				case 0:
+					cm.SetCooldown(tokenKey, time.Duration(j)*time.Millisecond, CooldownReason429)
+				case 1:
+					cm.IsInCooldown(tokenKey)
+				case 2:
+					cm.GetRemainingCooldown(tokenKey)
+				case 3:
+					cm.GetCooldownReason(tokenKey)
+				case 4:
+					cm.ClearCooldown(tokenKey)
+				case 5:
+					cm.CleanupExpired()
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestCooldownReasonConstants(t *testing.T) {
+	if CooldownReason429 != "rate_limit_exceeded" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected CooldownReason429: %s", CooldownReason429)
+	}
+	if CooldownReasonSuspended != "account_suspended" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected CooldownReasonSuspended: %s", CooldownReasonSuspended)
+	}
+	if CooldownReasonQuotaExhausted != "quota_exhausted" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected CooldownReasonQuotaExhausted: %s", CooldownReasonQuotaExhausted)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultConstants(t *testing.T) {
+	if DefaultShortCooldown != 1*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected DefaultShortCooldown: %v", DefaultShortCooldown)
+	}
+	if MaxShortCooldown != 5*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected MaxShortCooldown: %v", MaxShortCooldown)
+	}
+	if LongCooldown != 24*time.Hour {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected LongCooldown: %v", LongCooldown)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetCooldown_OverwritesPrevious(t *testing.T) {
+	cm := NewCooldownManager()
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Hour, CooldownReason429)
+	cm.SetCooldown("token1", 1*time.Minute, CooldownReasonSuspended)
+
+	reason := cm.GetCooldownReason("token1")
+	if reason != CooldownReasonSuspended {
+		t.Errorf("expected reason to be overwritten to %s, got %s", CooldownReasonSuspended, reason)
+	}
+
+	remaining := cm.GetRemainingCooldown("token1")
+	if remaining > 1*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("expected remaining <= 1 minute, got %v", remaining)
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/fingerprint.go

@@ -0,0 +1,278 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/binary"
+	"encoding/hex"
+	"fmt"
+	"math/rand"
+	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
+	"slices"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/google/uuid"
+)
+
+// Fingerprint holds multi-dimensional fingerprint data for runtime request disguise.
+type Fingerprint struct {
+	OIDCSDKVersion      string // 3.7xx (AWS SDK JS)
+	RuntimeSDKVersion   string // 1.0.x (runtime API)
+	StreamingSDKVersion string // 1.0.x (streaming API)
+	OSType              string // darwin/windows/linux
+	OSVersion           string
+	NodeVersion         string
+	KiroVersion         string
+	KiroHash            string // SHA256
+}
+
+// FingerprintConfig holds external fingerprint overrides.
+type FingerprintConfig struct {
+	OIDCSDKVersion      string
+	RuntimeSDKVersion   string
+	StreamingSDKVersion string
+	OSType              string
+	OSVersion           string
+	NodeVersion         string
+	KiroVersion         string
+	KiroHash            string
+}
+
+// FingerprintManager manages per-account fingerprint generation and caching.
+type FingerprintManager struct {
+	mu           sync.RWMutex
+	fingerprints map[string]*Fingerprint // tokenKey -> fingerprint
+	rng          *rand.Rand
+	config       *FingerprintConfig // External config (Optional)
+}
+
+var (
+	// SDK versions
+	oidcSDKVersions = []string{
+		"3.980.0", "3.975.0", "3.972.0", "3.808.0",
+		"3.738.0", "3.737.0", "3.736.0", "3.735.0",
+	}
+	// SDKVersions for getUsageLimits/ListAvailableModels/GetProfile (runtime API)
+	runtimeSDKVersions = []string{"1.0.0"}
+	// SDKVersions for generateAssistantResponse (streaming API)
+	streamingSDKVersions = []string{"1.0.27"}
+	// Valid OS types
+	osTypes = []string{"darwin", "windows", "linux"}
+	// OS versions
+	osVersions = map[string][]string{
+		"darwin":  {"25.2.0", "25.1.0", "25.0.0", "24.5.0", "24.4.0", "24.3.0"},
+		"windows": {"10.0.26200", "10.0.26100", "10.0.22631", "10.0.22621", "10.0.19045"},
+		"linux":   {"6.12.0", "6.11.0", "6.8.0", "6.6.0", "6.5.0", "6.1.0"},
+	}
+	// Node versions
+	nodeVersions = []string{
+		"22.21.1", "22.21.0", "22.20.0", "22.19.0", "22.18.0",
+		"20.18.0", "20.17.0", "20.16.0",
+	}
+	// Kiro IDE versions
+	kiroVersions = []string{
+		"0.10.32", "0.10.16", "0.10.10",
+		"0.9.47", "0.9.40", "0.9.2",
+		"0.8.206", "0.8.140", "0.8.135", "0.8.86",
+	}
+	// Global singleton
+	globalFingerprintManager     *FingerprintManager
+	globalFingerprintManagerOnce sync.Once
+)
+
+func GlobalFingerprintManager() *FingerprintManager {
+	globalFingerprintManagerOnce.Do(func() {
+		globalFingerprintManager = NewFingerprintManager()
+	})
+	return globalFingerprintManager
+}
+
+func SetGlobalFingerprintConfig(cfg *FingerprintConfig) {
+	GlobalFingerprintManager().SetConfig(cfg)
+}
+
+// SetConfig applies the config and clears the fingerprint cache.
+func (fm *FingerprintManager) SetConfig(cfg *FingerprintConfig) {
+	fm.mu.Lock()
+	defer fm.mu.Unlock()
+	fm.config = cfg
+	// Clear cached fingerprints so they regenerate with the new config
+	fm.fingerprints = make(map[string]*Fingerprint)
+}
+
+func NewFingerprintManager() *FingerprintManager {
+	return &FingerprintManager{
+		fingerprints: make(map[string]*Fingerprint),
+		rng:          rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())),
+	}
+}
+
+// GetFingerprint returns the fingerprint for tokenKey, creating one if it doesn't exist.
+func (fm *FingerprintManager) GetFingerprint(tokenKey string) *Fingerprint {
+	fm.mu.RLock()
+	if fp, exists := fm.fingerprints[tokenKey]; exists {
+		fm.mu.RUnlock()
+		return fp
+	}
+	fm.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	fm.mu.Lock()
+	defer fm.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if fp, exists := fm.fingerprints[tokenKey]; exists {
+		return fp
+	}
+
+	fp := fm.generateFingerprint(tokenKey)
+	fm.fingerprints[tokenKey] = fp
+	return fp
+}
+
+func (fm *FingerprintManager) generateFingerprint(tokenKey string) *Fingerprint {
+	if fm.config != nil {
+		return fm.generateFromConfig(tokenKey)
+	}
+	return fm.generateRandom(tokenKey)
+}
+
+// generateFromConfig uses config values, falling back to random for empty fields.
+func (fm *FingerprintManager) generateFromConfig(tokenKey string) *Fingerprint {
+	cfg := fm.config
+
+	// Helper: config value or random selection
+	configOrRandom := func(configVal string, choices []string) string {
+		if configVal != "" {
+			return configVal
+		}
+		return choices[fm.rng.Intn(len(choices))]
+	}
+
+	osType := cfg.OSType
+	if osType == "" {
+		osType = runtime.GOOS
+		if !slices.Contains(osTypes, osType) {
+			osType = osTypes[fm.rng.Intn(len(osTypes))]
+		}
+	}
+
+	osVersion := cfg.OSVersion
+	if osVersion == "" {
+		if versions, ok := osVersions[osType]; ok {
+			osVersion = versions[fm.rng.Intn(len(versions))]
+		}
+	}
+
+	kiroHash := cfg.KiroHash
+	if kiroHash == "" {
+		hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(tokenKey))
+		kiroHash = hex.EncodeToString(hash[:])
+	}
+
+	return &Fingerprint{
+		OIDCSDKVersion:      configOrRandom(cfg.OIDCSDKVersion, oidcSDKVersions),
+		RuntimeSDKVersion:   configOrRandom(cfg.RuntimeSDKVersion, runtimeSDKVersions),
+		StreamingSDKVersion: configOrRandom(cfg.StreamingSDKVersion, streamingSDKVersions),
+		OSType:              osType,
+		OSVersion:           osVersion,
+		NodeVersion:         configOrRandom(cfg.NodeVersion, nodeVersions),
+		KiroVersion:         configOrRandom(cfg.KiroVersion, kiroVersions),
+		KiroHash:            kiroHash,
+	}
+}
+
+// generateRandom generates a deterministic fingerprint seeded by accountKey hash.
+func (fm *FingerprintManager) generateRandom(accountKey string) *Fingerprint {
+	// Use accountKey hash as seed for deterministic random selection
+	hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(accountKey))
+	seed := int64(binary.BigEndian.Uint64(hash[:8]))
+	rng := rand.New(rand.NewSource(seed))
+
+	osType := runtime.GOOS
+	if !slices.Contains(osTypes, osType) {
+		osType = osTypes[rng.Intn(len(osTypes))]
+	}
+	osVersion := osVersions[osType][rng.Intn(len(osVersions[osType]))]
+
+	return &Fingerprint{
+		OIDCSDKVersion:      oidcSDKVersions[rng.Intn(len(oidcSDKVersions))],
+		RuntimeSDKVersion:   runtimeSDKVersions[rng.Intn(len(runtimeSDKVersions))],
+		StreamingSDKVersion: streamingSDKVersions[rng.Intn(len(streamingSDKVersions))],
+		OSType:              osType,
+		OSVersion:           osVersion,
+		NodeVersion:         nodeVersions[rng.Intn(len(nodeVersions))],
+		KiroVersion:         kiroVersions[rng.Intn(len(kiroVersions))],
+		KiroHash:            hex.EncodeToString(hash[:]),
+	}
+}
+
+// GenerateAccountKey returns a 16-char hex key derived from SHA256(seed).
+func GenerateAccountKey(seed string) string {
+	hash := sha256.Sum256([]byte(seed))
+	return hex.EncodeToString(hash[:8])
+}
+
+// GetAccountKey derives an account key from clientID > refreshToken > random UUID.
+func GetAccountKey(clientID, refreshToken string) string {
+	// 1. Prefer ClientID
+	if clientID != "" {
+		return GenerateAccountKey(clientID)
+	}
+
+	// 2. Fallback to RefreshToken
+	if refreshToken != "" {
+		return GenerateAccountKey(refreshToken)
+	}
+
+	// 3. Random fallback
+	return GenerateAccountKey(uuid.New().String())
+}
+
+// BuildUserAgent format: aws-sdk-js/{SDKVersion} ua/2.1 os/{OSType}#{OSVersion} lang/js md/nodejs#{NodeVersion} api/codewhispererstreaming#{SDKVersion} m/E KiroIDE-{KiroVersion}-{KiroHash}
+func (fp *Fingerprint) BuildUserAgent() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"aws-sdk-js/%s ua/2.1 os/%s#%s lang/js md/nodejs#%s api/codewhispererstreaming#%s m/E KiroIDE-%s-%s",
+		fp.StreamingSDKVersion,
+		fp.OSType,
+		fp.OSVersion,
+		fp.NodeVersion,
+		fp.StreamingSDKVersion,
+		fp.KiroVersion,
+		fp.KiroHash,
+	)
+}
+
+// BuildAmzUserAgent format: aws-sdk-js/{SDKVersion} KiroIDE-{KiroVersion}-{KiroHash}
+func (fp *Fingerprint) BuildAmzUserAgent() string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf(
+		"aws-sdk-js/%s KiroIDE-%s-%s",
+		fp.StreamingSDKVersion,
+		fp.KiroVersion,
+		fp.KiroHash,
+	)
+}
+
+func SetOIDCHeaders(req *http.Request) {
+	fp := GlobalFingerprintManager().GetFingerprint("oidc-session")
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("x-amz-user-agent", fmt.Sprintf("aws-sdk-js/%s KiroIDE", fp.OIDCSDKVersion))
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf(
+		"aws-sdk-js/%s ua/2.1 os/%s#%s lang/js md/nodejs#%s api/%s#%s m/E KiroIDE",
+		fp.OIDCSDKVersion, fp.OSType, fp.OSVersion, fp.NodeVersion, "sso-oidc", fp.OIDCSDKVersion))
+	req.Header.Set("amz-sdk-invocation-id", uuid.New().String())
+	req.Header.Set("amz-sdk-request", "attempt=1; max=4")
+}
+
+func setRuntimeHeaders(req *http.Request, accessToken string, accountKey string) {
+	fp := GlobalFingerprintManager().GetFingerprint(accountKey)
+	machineID := fp.KiroHash
+	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
+	req.Header.Set("x-amz-user-agent", fmt.Sprintf("aws-sdk-js/%s KiroIDE-%s-%s",
+		fp.RuntimeSDKVersion, fp.KiroVersion, machineID))
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf(
+		"aws-sdk-js/%s ua/2.1 os/%s#%s lang/js md/nodejs#%s api/codewhispererruntime#%s m/N,E KiroIDE-%s-%s",
+		fp.RuntimeSDKVersion, fp.OSType, fp.OSVersion, fp.NodeVersion, fp.RuntimeSDKVersion,
+		fp.KiroVersion, machineID))
+	req.Header.Set("amz-sdk-invocation-id", uuid.New().String())
+	req.Header.Set("amz-sdk-request", "attempt=1; max=1")
+}

internal/auth/kiro/fingerprint_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,778 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"net/http"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+func TestNewFingerprintManager(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	if fm == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil FingerprintManager")
+	}
+	if fm.fingerprints == nil {
+		t.Error("expected non-nil fingerprints map")
+	}
+	if fm.rng == nil {
+		t.Error("expected non-nil rng")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetFingerprint_NewToken(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+
+	if fp == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil Fingerprint")
+	}
+	if fp.OIDCSDKVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty OIDCSDKVersion")
+	}
+	if fp.RuntimeSDKVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty RuntimeSDKVersion")
+	}
+	if fp.StreamingSDKVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty StreamingSDKVersion")
+	}
+	if fp.OSType == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty OSType")
+	}
+	if fp.OSVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty OSVersion")
+	}
+	if fp.NodeVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty NodeVersion")
+	}
+	if fp.KiroVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty KiroVersion")
+	}
+	if fp.KiroHash == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty KiroHash")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetFingerprint_SameTokenReturnsSameFingerprint(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp1 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+	fp2 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+
+	if fp1 != fp2 {
+		t.Error("expected same fingerprint for same token")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetFingerprint_DifferentTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp1 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+	fp2 := fm.GetFingerprint("token2")
+
+	if fp1 == fp2 {
+		t.Error("expected different fingerprints for different tokens")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildUserAgent(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+
+	ua := fp.BuildUserAgent()
+	if ua == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty User-Agent")
+	}
+
+	amzUA := fp.BuildAmzUserAgent()
+	if amzUA == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty X-Amz-User-Agent")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetFingerprint_OSVersionMatchesOSType(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+
+	for i := 0; i < 20; i++ {
+		fp := fm.GetFingerprint("token" + string(rune('a'+i)))
+		validVersions := osVersions[fp.OSType]
+		found := false
+		for _, v := range validVersions {
+			if v == fp.OSVersion {
+				found = true
+				break
+			}
+		}
+		if !found {
+			t.Errorf("OS version %s not valid for OS type %s", fp.OSVersion, fp.OSType)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateFromConfig_OSTypeFromRuntimeGOOS(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+
+	// Set config with empty OSType to trigger runtime.GOOS fallback
+	fm.SetConfig(&FingerprintConfig{
+		OIDCSDKVersion: "3.738.0", // Set other fields to use config path
+	})
+
+	fp := fm.GetFingerprint("test-token")
+
+	// Expected OS type based on runtime.GOOS mapping
+	var expectedOS string
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "darwin":
+		expectedOS = "darwin"
+	case "windows":
+		expectedOS = "windows"
+	default:
+		expectedOS = "linux"
+	}
+
+	if fp.OSType != expectedOS {
+		t.Errorf("expected OSType '%s' from runtime.GOOS '%s', got '%s'",
+			expectedOS, runtime.GOOS, fp.OSType)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFingerprintManager_ConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	const numGoroutines = 100
+	const numOperations = 100
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(numGoroutines)
+
+	for i := range numGoroutines {
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			for j := range numOperations {
+				tokenKey := "token" + string(rune('a'+id%26))
+				switch j % 2 {
+				case 0:
+					fm.GetFingerprint(tokenKey)
+				case 1:
+					fp := fm.GetFingerprint(tokenKey)
+					_ = fp.BuildUserAgent()
+					_ = fp.BuildAmzUserAgent()
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestKiroHashStability(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+
+	// Same token should always return same hash
+	fp1 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+	fp2 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+	if fp1.KiroHash != fp2.KiroHash {
+		t.Errorf("same token should have same hash: %s vs %s", fp1.KiroHash, fp2.KiroHash)
+	}
+
+	// Different tokens should have different hashes
+	fp3 := fm.GetFingerprint("token2")
+	if fp1.KiroHash == fp3.KiroHash {
+		t.Errorf("different tokens should have different hashes")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKiroHashFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+
+	if len(fp.KiroHash) != 64 {
+		t.Errorf("expected KiroHash length 64 (SHA256 hex), got %d", len(fp.KiroHash))
+	}
+
+	for _, c := range fp.KiroHash {
+		if (c < '0' || c > '9') && (c < 'a' || c > 'f') {
+			t.Errorf("invalid hex character in KiroHash: %c", c)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGlobalFingerprintManager(t *testing.T) {
+	fm1 := GlobalFingerprintManager()
+	fm2 := GlobalFingerprintManager()
+
+	if fm1 == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil GlobalFingerprintManager")
+	}
+	if fm1 != fm2 {
+		t.Error("expected GlobalFingerprintManager to return same instance")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetOIDCHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://example.com", nil)
+	SetOIDCHeaders(req)
+
+	if req.Header.Get("Content-Type") != "application/json" {
+		t.Error("expected Content-Type header to be set")
+	}
+
+	amzUA := req.Header.Get("x-amz-user-agent")
+	if amzUA == "" {
+		t.Error("expected x-amz-user-agent header to be set")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(amzUA, "aws-sdk-js/") {
+		t.Errorf("x-amz-user-agent should contain aws-sdk-js: %s", amzUA)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(amzUA, "KiroIDE") {
+		t.Errorf("x-amz-user-agent should contain KiroIDE: %s", amzUA)
+	}
+
+	ua := req.Header.Get("User-Agent")
+	if ua == "" {
+		t.Error("expected User-Agent header to be set")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ua, "api/sso-oidc") {
+		t.Errorf("User-Agent should contain api name: %s", ua)
+	}
+
+	if req.Header.Get("amz-sdk-invocation-id") == "" {
+		t.Error("expected amz-sdk-invocation-id header to be set")
+	}
+	if req.Header.Get("amz-sdk-request") != "attempt=1; max=4" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected amz-sdk-request header: %s", req.Header.Get("amz-sdk-request"))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildURL(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		endpoint     string
+		path         string
+		queryParams  map[string]string
+		want         string
+		wantContains []string
+	}{
+		{
+			name:        "no query params",
+			endpoint:    "https://api.example.com",
+			path:        "getUsageLimits",
+			queryParams: nil,
+			want:        "https://api.example.com/getUsageLimits",
+		},
+		{
+			name:        "empty query params",
+			endpoint:    "https://api.example.com",
+			path:        "getUsageLimits",
+			queryParams: map[string]string{},
+			want:        "https://api.example.com/getUsageLimits",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "single query param",
+			endpoint: "https://api.example.com",
+			path:     "getUsageLimits",
+			queryParams: map[string]string{
+				"origin": "AI_EDITOR",
+			},
+			want: "https://api.example.com/getUsageLimits?origin=AI_EDITOR",
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "multiple query params",
+			endpoint: "https://api.example.com",
+			path:     "getUsageLimits",
+			queryParams: map[string]string{
+				"origin":       "AI_EDITOR",
+				"resourceType": "AGENTIC_REQUEST",
+				"profileArn":   "arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABCDEF",
+			},
+			wantContains: []string{
+				"https://api.example.com/getUsageLimits?",
+				"origin=AI_EDITOR",
+				"profileArn=arn%3Aaws%3Acodewhisperer%3Aus-east-1%3A123456789012%3Aprofile%2FABCDEF",
+				"resourceType=AGENTIC_REQUEST",
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:     "omit empty params",
+			endpoint: "https://api.example.com",
+			path:     "getUsageLimits",
+			queryParams: map[string]string{
+				"origin":     "AI_EDITOR",
+				"profileArn": "",
+			},
+			want: "https://api.example.com/getUsageLimits?origin=AI_EDITOR",
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			got := buildURL(tt.endpoint, tt.path, tt.queryParams)
+			if tt.want != "" {
+				if got != tt.want {
+					t.Errorf("buildURL() = %v, want %v", got, tt.want)
+				}
+			}
+			if tt.wantContains != nil {
+				for _, substr := range tt.wantContains {
+					if !strings.Contains(got, substr) {
+						t.Errorf("buildURL() = %v, want to contain %v", got, substr)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildUserAgentFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+
+	ua := fp.BuildUserAgent()
+	requiredParts := []string{
+		"aws-sdk-js/",
+		"ua/2.1",
+		"os/",
+		"lang/js",
+		"md/nodejs#",
+		"api/codewhispererstreaming#",
+		"m/E",
+		"KiroIDE-",
+	}
+	for _, part := range requiredParts {
+		if !strings.Contains(ua, part) {
+			t.Errorf("User-Agent missing required part %q: %s", part, ua)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestBuildAmzUserAgentFormat(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+
+	amzUA := fp.BuildAmzUserAgent()
+	requiredParts := []string{
+		"aws-sdk-js/",
+		"KiroIDE-",
+	}
+	for _, part := range requiredParts {
+		if !strings.Contains(amzUA, part) {
+			t.Errorf("X-Amz-User-Agent missing required part %q: %s", part, amzUA)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Amz-User-Agent should be shorter than User-Agent
+	ua := fp.BuildUserAgent()
+	if len(amzUA) >= len(ua) {
+		t.Error("X-Amz-User-Agent should be shorter than User-Agent")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetRuntimeHeaders(t *testing.T) {
+	req, _ := http.NewRequest("GET", "http://example.com", nil)
+	accessToken := "test-access-token-1234567890"
+	clientID := "test-client-id-12345"
+	accountKey := GenerateAccountKey(clientID)
+	fp := GlobalFingerprintManager().GetFingerprint(accountKey)
+	machineID := fp.KiroHash
+
+	setRuntimeHeaders(req, accessToken, accountKey)
+
+	// Check Authorization header
+	if req.Header.Get("Authorization") != "Bearer "+accessToken {
+		t.Errorf("expected Authorization header 'Bearer %s', got '%s'", accessToken, req.Header.Get("Authorization"))
+	}
+
+	// Check x-amz-user-agent header
+	amzUA := req.Header.Get("x-amz-user-agent")
+	if amzUA == "" {
+		t.Error("expected x-amz-user-agent header to be set")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(amzUA, "aws-sdk-js/") {
+		t.Errorf("x-amz-user-agent should contain aws-sdk-js: %s", amzUA)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(amzUA, "KiroIDE-") {
+		t.Errorf("x-amz-user-agent should contain KiroIDE: %s", amzUA)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(amzUA, machineID) {
+		t.Errorf("x-amz-user-agent should contain machineID: %s", amzUA)
+	}
+
+	// Check User-Agent header
+	ua := req.Header.Get("User-Agent")
+	if ua == "" {
+		t.Error("expected User-Agent header to be set")
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ua, "api/codewhispererruntime#") {
+		t.Errorf("User-Agent should contain api/codewhispererruntime: %s", ua)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ua, "m/N,E") {
+		t.Errorf("User-Agent should contain m/N,E: %s", ua)
+	}
+
+	// Check amz-sdk-invocation-id (should be a UUID)
+	invocationID := req.Header.Get("amz-sdk-invocation-id")
+	if invocationID == "" {
+		t.Error("expected amz-sdk-invocation-id header to be set")
+	}
+	if len(invocationID) != 36 {
+		t.Errorf("expected amz-sdk-invocation-id to be UUID (36 chars), got %d", len(invocationID))
+	}
+
+	// Check amz-sdk-request
+	if req.Header.Get("amz-sdk-request") != "attempt=1; max=1" {
+		t.Errorf("unexpected amz-sdk-request header: %s", req.Header.Get("amz-sdk-request"))
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSDKVersionsAreValid(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify all OIDC SDK versions match expected format (3.xxx.x)
+	for _, v := range oidcSDKVersions {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(v, "3.") {
+			t.Errorf("OIDC SDK version should start with 3.: %s", v)
+		}
+		parts := strings.Split(v, ".")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			t.Errorf("OIDC SDK version should have 3 parts: %s", v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range runtimeSDKVersions {
+		parts := strings.Split(v, ".")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			t.Errorf("Runtime SDK version should have 3 parts: %s", v)
+		}
+	}
+
+	for _, v := range streamingSDKVersions {
+		parts := strings.Split(v, ".")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			t.Errorf("Streaming SDK version should have 3 parts: %s", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestKiroVersionsAreValid(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify all Kiro versions match expected format (0.x.xxx)
+	for _, v := range kiroVersions {
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(v, "0.") {
+			t.Errorf("Kiro version should start with 0.: %s", v)
+		}
+		parts := strings.Split(v, ".")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			t.Errorf("Kiro version should have 3 parts: %s", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNodeVersionsAreValid(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify all Node versions match expected format (xx.xx.x)
+	for _, v := range nodeVersions {
+		parts := strings.Split(v, ".")
+		if len(parts) != 3 {
+			t.Errorf("Node version should have 3 parts: %s", v)
+		}
+		// Should be Node 20.x or 22.x
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(v, "20.") && !strings.HasPrefix(v, "22.") {
+			t.Errorf("Node version should be 20.x or 22.x LTS: %s", v)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFingerprintManager_SetConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+
+	// Without config, should generate random fingerprint
+	fp1 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+	if fp1 == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil fingerprint")
+	}
+
+	// Set config with all fields
+	cfg := &FingerprintConfig{
+		OIDCSDKVersion:      "3.999.0",
+		RuntimeSDKVersion:   "9.9.9",
+		StreamingSDKVersion: "8.8.8",
+		OSType:              "darwin",
+		OSVersion:           "99.0.0",
+		NodeVersion:         "99.99.99",
+		KiroVersion:         "9.9.999",
+		KiroHash:            "customhash123",
+	}
+	fm.SetConfig(cfg)
+
+	// After setting config, should use config values
+	fp2 := fm.GetFingerprint("token2")
+	if fp2.OIDCSDKVersion != "3.999.0" {
+		t.Errorf("expected OIDCSDKVersion '3.999.0', got '%s'", fp2.OIDCSDKVersion)
+	}
+	if fp2.RuntimeSDKVersion != "9.9.9" {
+		t.Errorf("expected RuntimeSDKVersion '9.9.9', got '%s'", fp2.RuntimeSDKVersion)
+	}
+	if fp2.StreamingSDKVersion != "8.8.8" {
+		t.Errorf("expected StreamingSDKVersion '8.8.8', got '%s'", fp2.StreamingSDKVersion)
+	}
+	if fp2.OSType != "darwin" {
+		t.Errorf("expected OSType 'darwin', got '%s'", fp2.OSType)
+	}
+	if fp2.OSVersion != "99.0.0" {
+		t.Errorf("expected OSVersion '99.0.0', got '%s'", fp2.OSVersion)
+	}
+	if fp2.NodeVersion != "99.99.99" {
+		t.Errorf("expected NodeVersion '99.99.99', got '%s'", fp2.NodeVersion)
+	}
+	if fp2.KiroVersion != "9.9.999" {
+		t.Errorf("expected KiroVersion '9.9.999', got '%s'", fp2.KiroVersion)
+	}
+	if fp2.KiroHash != "customhash123" {
+		t.Errorf("expected KiroHash 'customhash123', got '%s'", fp2.KiroHash)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFingerprintManager_SetConfig_PartialFields(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+
+	// Set config with only some fields
+	cfg := &FingerprintConfig{
+		KiroVersion: "1.2.345",
+		KiroHash:    "myhash",
+		// Other fields empty - should use random
+	}
+	fm.SetConfig(cfg)
+
+	fp := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+
+	// Configured fields should use config values
+	if fp.KiroVersion != "1.2.345" {
+		t.Errorf("expected KiroVersion '1.2.345', got '%s'", fp.KiroVersion)
+	}
+	if fp.KiroHash != "myhash" {
+		t.Errorf("expected KiroHash 'myhash', got '%s'", fp.KiroHash)
+	}
+
+	// Empty fields should be randomly selected (non-empty)
+	if fp.OIDCSDKVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty OIDCSDKVersion")
+	}
+	if fp.OSType == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty OSType")
+	}
+	if fp.NodeVersion == "" {
+		t.Error("expected non-empty NodeVersion")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFingerprintManager_SetConfig_ClearsCache(t *testing.T) {
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+
+	// Get fingerprint before config
+	fp1 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+	originalHash := fp1.KiroHash
+
+	// Set config
+	cfg := &FingerprintConfig{
+		KiroHash: "newcustomhash",
+	}
+	fm.SetConfig(cfg)
+
+	// Same token should now return different fingerprint (cache cleared)
+	fp2 := fm.GetFingerprint("token1")
+	if fp2.KiroHash == originalHash {
+		t.Error("expected cache to be cleared after SetConfig")
+	}
+	if fp2.KiroHash != "newcustomhash" {
+		t.Errorf("expected KiroHash 'newcustomhash', got '%s'", fp2.KiroHash)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGenerateAccountKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name  string
+		seed  string
+		check func(t *testing.T, result string)
+	}{
+		{
+			name: "Empty seed",
+			seed: "",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				if result == "" {
+					t.Error("expected non-empty result for empty seed")
+				}
+				if len(result) != 16 {
+					t.Errorf("expected 16 char hex string, got %d chars", len(result))
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Simple seed",
+			seed: "test-client-id",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				if len(result) != 16 {
+					t.Errorf("expected 16 char hex string, got %d chars", len(result))
+				}
+				// Verify it's valid hex
+				for _, c := range result {
+					if (c < '0' || c > '9') && (c < 'a' || c > 'f') {
+						t.Errorf("invalid hex character: %c", c)
+					}
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Same seed produces same result",
+			seed: "deterministic-seed",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				result2 := GenerateAccountKey("deterministic-seed")
+				if result != result2 {
+					t.Errorf("same seed should produce same result: %s vs %s", result, result2)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name: "Different seeds produce different results",
+			seed: "seed-one",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				result2 := GenerateAccountKey("seed-two")
+				if result == result2 {
+					t.Errorf("different seeds should produce different results: %s vs %s", result, result2)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GenerateAccountKey(tt.seed)
+			tt.check(t, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAccountKey(t *testing.T) {
+	tests := []struct {
+		name         string
+		clientID     string
+		refreshToken string
+		check        func(t *testing.T, result string)
+	}{
+		{
+			name:         "Priority 1: clientID when both provided",
+			clientID:     "client-id-123",
+			refreshToken: "refresh-token-456",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				expected := GenerateAccountKey("client-id-123")
+				if result != expected {
+					t.Errorf("expected clientID-based key %s, got %s", expected, result)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Priority 2: refreshToken when clientID is empty",
+			clientID:     "",
+			refreshToken: "refresh-token-789",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				expected := GenerateAccountKey("refresh-token-789")
+				if result != expected {
+					t.Errorf("expected refreshToken-based key %s, got %s", expected, result)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "Priority 3: random when both empty",
+			clientID:     "",
+			refreshToken: "",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				if len(result) != 16 {
+					t.Errorf("expected 16 char key, got %d chars", len(result))
+				}
+				// Should be different each time (random UUID)
+				result2 := GetAccountKey("", "")
+				if result == result2 {
+					t.Log("warning: random keys are the same (possible but unlikely)")
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "clientID only",
+			clientID:     "solo-client-id",
+			refreshToken: "",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				expected := GenerateAccountKey("solo-client-id")
+				if result != expected {
+					t.Errorf("expected clientID-based key %s, got %s", expected, result)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			name:         "refreshToken only",
+			clientID:     "",
+			refreshToken: "solo-refresh-token",
+			check: func(t *testing.T, result string) {
+				expected := GenerateAccountKey("solo-refresh-token")
+				if result != expected {
+					t.Errorf("expected refreshToken-based key %s, got %s", expected, result)
+				}
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tt := range tests {
+		t.Run(tt.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			result := GetAccountKey(tt.clientID, tt.refreshToken)
+			tt.check(t, result)
+		})
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetAccountKey_Deterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify that GetAccountKey produces deterministic results for same inputs
+	clientID := "test-client-id-abc"
+	refreshToken := "test-refresh-token-xyz"
+
+	// Call multiple times with same inputs
+	results := make([]string, 10)
+	for i := range 10 {
+		results[i] = GetAccountKey(clientID, refreshToken)
+	}
+
+	// All results should be identical
+	for i := 1; i < 10; i++ {
+		if results[i] != results[0] {
+			t.Errorf("GetAccountKey should be deterministic: got %s and %s", results[0], results[i])
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestFingerprintDeterministic(t *testing.T) {
+	// Verify that fingerprints are deterministic based on accountKey
+	fm := NewFingerprintManager()
+
+	accountKey := GenerateAccountKey("test-client-id")
+
+	// Get fingerprint multiple times
+	fp1 := fm.GetFingerprint(accountKey)
+	fp2 := fm.GetFingerprint(accountKey)
+
+	// Should be the same pointer (cached)
+	if fp1 != fp2 {
+		t.Error("expected same fingerprint pointer for same key")
+	}
+
+	// Create new manager and verify same values
+	fm2 := NewFingerprintManager()
+	fp3 := fm2.GetFingerprint(accountKey)
+
+	// Values should be identical (deterministic generation)
+	if fp1.KiroHash != fp3.KiroHash {
+		t.Errorf("KiroHash should be deterministic: %s vs %s", fp1.KiroHash, fp3.KiroHash)
+	}
+	if fp1.OSType != fp3.OSType {
+		t.Errorf("OSType should be deterministic: %s vs %s", fp1.OSType, fp3.OSType)
+	}
+	if fp1.OSVersion != fp3.OSVersion {
+		t.Errorf("OSVersion should be deterministic: %s vs %s", fp1.OSVersion, fp3.OSVersion)
+	}
+	if fp1.KiroVersion != fp3.KiroVersion {
+		t.Errorf("KiroVersion should be deterministic: %s vs %s", fp1.KiroVersion, fp3.KiroVersion)
+	}
+	if fp1.NodeVersion != fp3.NodeVersion {
+		t.Errorf("NodeVersion should be deterministic: %s vs %s", fp1.NodeVersion, fp3.NodeVersion)
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/jitter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,174 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"math/rand"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// Jitter configuration constants
+const (
+	// JitterPercent is the default percentage of jitter to apply (±30%)
+	JitterPercent = 0.30
+
+	// Human-like delay ranges
+	ShortDelayMin  = 50 * time.Millisecond  // Minimum for rapid consecutive operations
+	ShortDelayMax  = 200 * time.Millisecond // Maximum for rapid consecutive operations
+	NormalDelayMin = 1 * time.Second        // Minimum for normal thinking time
+	NormalDelayMax = 3 * time.Second        // Maximum for normal thinking time
+	LongDelayMin   = 5 * time.Second        // Minimum for reading/resting
+	LongDelayMax   = 10 * time.Second       // Maximum for reading/resting
+
+	// Probability thresholds for human-like behavior
+	ShortDelayProbability  = 0.20 // 20% chance of short delay (consecutive ops)
+	LongDelayProbability   = 0.05 // 5% chance of long delay (reading/resting)
+	NormalDelayProbability = 0.75 // 75% chance of normal delay (thinking)
+)
+
+var (
+	jitterRand     *rand.Rand
+	jitterRandOnce sync.Once
+	jitterMu       sync.Mutex
+	lastRequestTime time.Time
+)
+
+// initJitterRand initializes the random number generator for jitter calculations.
+// Uses a time-based seed for unpredictable but reproducible randomness.
+func initJitterRand() {
+	jitterRandOnce.Do(func() {
+		jitterRand = rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano()))
+	})
+}
+
+// RandomDelay generates a random delay between min and max duration.
+// Thread-safe implementation using mutex protection.
+func RandomDelay(min, max time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	initJitterRand()
+	jitterMu.Lock()
+	defer jitterMu.Unlock()
+
+	if min >= max {
+		return min
+	}
+
+	rangeMs := max.Milliseconds() - min.Milliseconds()
+	randomMs := jitterRand.Int63n(rangeMs)
+	return min + time.Duration(randomMs)*time.Millisecond
+}
+
+// JitterDelay adds jitter to a base delay.
+// Applies ±jitterPercent variation to the base delay.
+// For example, JitterDelay(1*time.Second, 0.30) returns a value between 700ms and 1300ms.
+func JitterDelay(baseDelay time.Duration, jitterPercent float64) time.Duration {
+	initJitterRand()
+	jitterMu.Lock()
+	defer jitterMu.Unlock()
+
+	if jitterPercent <= 0 || jitterPercent > 1 {
+		jitterPercent = JitterPercent
+	}
+
+	// Calculate jitter range: base * jitterPercent
+	jitterRange := float64(baseDelay) * jitterPercent
+
+	// Generate random value in range [-jitterRange, +jitterRange]
+	jitter := (jitterRand.Float64()*2 - 1) * jitterRange
+
+	result := time.Duration(float64(baseDelay) + jitter)
+	if result < 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+	return result
+}
+
+// JitterDelayDefault applies the default ±30% jitter to a base delay.
+func JitterDelayDefault(baseDelay time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	return JitterDelay(baseDelay, JitterPercent)
+}
+
+// HumanLikeDelay generates a delay that mimics human behavior patterns.
+// The delay is selected based on probability distribution:
+//   - 20% chance: Short delay (50-200ms) - simulates consecutive rapid operations
+//   - 75% chance: Normal delay (1-3s) - simulates thinking/reading time
+//   - 5% chance: Long delay (5-10s) - simulates breaks/reading longer content
+//
+// Returns the delay duration (caller should call time.Sleep with this value).
+func HumanLikeDelay() time.Duration {
+	initJitterRand()
+	jitterMu.Lock()
+	defer jitterMu.Unlock()
+
+	// Track time since last request for adaptive behavior
+	now := time.Now()
+	timeSinceLastRequest := now.Sub(lastRequestTime)
+	lastRequestTime = now
+
+	// If requests are very close together, use short delay
+	if timeSinceLastRequest < 500*time.Millisecond && timeSinceLastRequest > 0 {
+		rangeMs := ShortDelayMax.Milliseconds() - ShortDelayMin.Milliseconds()
+		randomMs := jitterRand.Int63n(rangeMs)
+		return ShortDelayMin + time.Duration(randomMs)*time.Millisecond
+	}
+
+	// Otherwise, use probability-based selection
+	roll := jitterRand.Float64()
+
+	var min, max time.Duration
+	switch {
+	case roll < ShortDelayProbability:
+		// Short delay - consecutive operations
+		min, max = ShortDelayMin, ShortDelayMax
+	case roll < ShortDelayProbability+LongDelayProbability:
+		// Long delay - reading/resting
+		min, max = LongDelayMin, LongDelayMax
+	default:
+		// Normal delay - thinking time
+		min, max = NormalDelayMin, NormalDelayMax
+	}
+
+	rangeMs := max.Milliseconds() - min.Milliseconds()
+	randomMs := jitterRand.Int63n(rangeMs)
+	return min + time.Duration(randomMs)*time.Millisecond
+}
+
+// ApplyHumanLikeDelay applies human-like delay by sleeping.
+// This is a convenience function that combines HumanLikeDelay with time.Sleep.
+func ApplyHumanLikeDelay() {
+	delay := HumanLikeDelay()
+	if delay > 0 {
+		time.Sleep(delay)
+	}
+}
+
+// ExponentialBackoffWithJitter calculates retry delay using exponential backoff with jitter.
+// Formula: min(baseDelay * 2^attempt + jitter, maxDelay)
+// This helps prevent thundering herd problem when multiple clients retry simultaneously.
+func ExponentialBackoffWithJitter(attempt int, baseDelay, maxDelay time.Duration) time.Duration {
+	if attempt < 0 {
+		attempt = 0
+	}
+
+	// Calculate exponential backoff: baseDelay * 2^attempt
+	backoff := baseDelay * time.Duration(1<<uint(attempt))
+	if backoff > maxDelay {
+		backoff = maxDelay
+	}
+
+	// Add ±30% jitter
+	return JitterDelay(backoff, JitterPercent)
+}
+
+// ShouldSkipDelay determines if delay should be skipped based on context.
+// Returns true for streaming responses, WebSocket connections, etc.
+// This function can be extended to check additional skip conditions.
+func ShouldSkipDelay(isStreaming bool) bool {
+	return isStreaming
+}
+
+// ResetLastRequestTime resets the last request time tracker.
+// Useful for testing or when starting a new session.
+func ResetLastRequestTime() {
+	jitterMu.Lock()
+	defer jitterMu.Unlock()
+	lastRequestTime = time.Time{}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/metrics.go

@@ -0,0 +1,187 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+// TokenMetrics holds performance metrics for a single token.
+type TokenMetrics struct {
+	SuccessRate    float64   // Success rate (0.0 - 1.0)
+	AvgLatency     float64   // Average latency in milliseconds
+	QuotaRemaining float64   // Remaining quota (0.0 - 1.0)
+	LastUsed       time.Time // Last usage timestamp
+	FailCount      int       // Consecutive failure count
+	TotalRequests  int       // Total request count
+	successCount   int       // Internal: successful request count
+	totalLatency   float64   // Internal: cumulative latency
+}
+
+// TokenScorer manages token metrics and scoring.
+type TokenScorer struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	metrics map[string]*TokenMetrics
+
+	// Scoring weights
+	successRateWeight    float64
+	quotaWeight          float64
+	latencyWeight        float64
+	lastUsedWeight       float64
+	failPenaltyMultiplier float64
+}
+
+// NewTokenScorer creates a new TokenScorer with default weights.
+func NewTokenScorer() *TokenScorer {
+	return &TokenScorer{
+		metrics:               make(map[string]*TokenMetrics),
+		successRateWeight:     0.4,
+		quotaWeight:           0.25,
+		latencyWeight:         0.2,
+		lastUsedWeight:        0.15,
+		failPenaltyMultiplier: 0.1,
+	}
+}
+
+// getOrCreateMetrics returns existing metrics or creates new ones.
+func (s *TokenScorer) getOrCreateMetrics(tokenKey string) *TokenMetrics {
+	if m, ok := s.metrics[tokenKey]; ok {
+		return m
+	}
+	m := &TokenMetrics{
+		SuccessRate:    1.0,
+		QuotaRemaining: 1.0,
+	}
+	s.metrics[tokenKey] = m
+	return m
+}
+
+// RecordRequest records the result of a request for a token.
+func (s *TokenScorer) RecordRequest(tokenKey string, success bool, latency time.Duration) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	m := s.getOrCreateMetrics(tokenKey)
+	m.TotalRequests++
+	m.LastUsed = time.Now()
+	m.totalLatency += float64(latency.Milliseconds())
+
+	if success {
+		m.successCount++
+		m.FailCount = 0
+	} else {
+		m.FailCount++
+	}
+
+	// Update derived metrics
+	if m.TotalRequests > 0 {
+		m.SuccessRate = float64(m.successCount) / float64(m.TotalRequests)
+		m.AvgLatency = m.totalLatency / float64(m.TotalRequests)
+	}
+}
+
+// SetQuotaRemaining updates the remaining quota for a token.
+func (s *TokenScorer) SetQuotaRemaining(tokenKey string, quota float64) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+
+	m := s.getOrCreateMetrics(tokenKey)
+	m.QuotaRemaining = quota
+}
+
+// GetMetrics returns a copy of the metrics for a token.
+func (s *TokenScorer) GetMetrics(tokenKey string) *TokenMetrics {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if m, ok := s.metrics[tokenKey]; ok {
+		copy := *m
+		return &copy
+	}
+	return nil
+}
+
+// CalculateScore computes the score for a token (higher is better).
+func (s *TokenScorer) CalculateScore(tokenKey string) float64 {
+	s.mu.RLock()
+	defer s.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	m, ok := s.metrics[tokenKey]
+	if !ok {
+		return 1.0 // New tokens get a high initial score
+	}
+
+	// Success rate component (0-1)
+	successScore := m.SuccessRate
+
+	// Quota component (0-1)
+	quotaScore := m.QuotaRemaining
+
+	// Latency component (normalized, lower is better)
+	// Using exponential decay: score = e^(-latency/1000)
+	// 1000ms latency -> ~0.37 score, 100ms -> ~0.90 score
+	latencyScore := math.Exp(-m.AvgLatency / 1000.0)
+	if m.TotalRequests == 0 {
+		latencyScore = 1.0
+	}
+
+	// Last used component (prefer tokens not recently used)
+	// Score increases as time since last use increases
+	timeSinceUse := time.Since(m.LastUsed).Seconds()
+	// Normalize: 60 seconds -> ~0.63 score, 0 seconds -> 0 score
+	lastUsedScore := 1.0 - math.Exp(-timeSinceUse/60.0)
+	if m.LastUsed.IsZero() {
+		lastUsedScore = 1.0
+	}
+
+	// Calculate weighted score
+	score := s.successRateWeight*successScore +
+		s.quotaWeight*quotaScore +
+		s.latencyWeight*latencyScore +
+		s.lastUsedWeight*lastUsedScore
+
+	// Apply consecutive failure penalty
+	if m.FailCount > 0 {
+		penalty := s.failPenaltyMultiplier * float64(m.FailCount)
+		score = score * math.Max(0, 1.0-penalty)
+	}
+
+	return score
+}
+
+// SelectBestToken selects the token with the highest score.
+func (s *TokenScorer) SelectBestToken(tokens []string) string {
+	if len(tokens) == 0 {
+		return ""
+	}
+	if len(tokens) == 1 {
+		return tokens[0]
+	}
+
+	bestToken := tokens[0]
+	bestScore := s.CalculateScore(tokens[0])
+
+	for _, token := range tokens[1:] {
+		score := s.CalculateScore(token)
+		if score > bestScore {
+			bestScore = score
+			bestToken = token
+		}
+	}
+
+	return bestToken
+}
+
+// ResetMetrics clears all metrics for a token.
+func (s *TokenScorer) ResetMetrics(tokenKey string) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(s.metrics, tokenKey)
+}
+
+// ResetAllMetrics clears all stored metrics.
+func (s *TokenScorer) ResetAllMetrics() {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	defer s.mu.Unlock()
+	s.metrics = make(map[string]*TokenMetrics)
+}

internal/auth/kiro/metrics_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,301 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestNewTokenScorer(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	if s == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil TokenScorer")
+	}
+	if s.metrics == nil {
+		t.Error("expected non-nil metrics map")
+	}
+	if s.successRateWeight != 0.4 {
+		t.Errorf("expected successRateWeight 0.4, got %f", s.successRateWeight)
+	}
+	if s.quotaWeight != 0.25 {
+		t.Errorf("expected quotaWeight 0.25, got %f", s.quotaWeight)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecordRequest_Success(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil metrics")
+	}
+	if m.TotalRequests != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected TotalRequests 1, got %d", m.TotalRequests)
+	}
+	if m.SuccessRate != 1.0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected SuccessRate 1.0, got %f", m.SuccessRate)
+	}
+	if m.FailCount != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected FailCount 0, got %d", m.FailCount)
+	}
+	if m.AvgLatency != 100 {
+		t.Errorf("expected AvgLatency 100, got %f", m.AvgLatency)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecordRequest_Failure(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 200*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m.SuccessRate != 0.0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected SuccessRate 0.0, got %f", m.SuccessRate)
+	}
+	if m.FailCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected FailCount 1, got %d", m.FailCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecordRequest_MixedResults(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m.TotalRequests != 4 {
+		t.Errorf("expected TotalRequests 4, got %d", m.TotalRequests)
+	}
+	if m.SuccessRate != 0.75 {
+		t.Errorf("expected SuccessRate 0.75, got %f", m.SuccessRate)
+	}
+	if m.FailCount != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected FailCount 0 (reset on success), got %d", m.FailCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRecordRequest_ConsecutiveFailures(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m.FailCount != 3 {
+		t.Errorf("expected FailCount 3, got %d", m.FailCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSetQuotaRemaining(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.SetQuotaRemaining("token1", 0.5)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m.QuotaRemaining != 0.5 {
+		t.Errorf("expected QuotaRemaining 0.5, got %f", m.QuotaRemaining)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetMetrics_NonExistent(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	m := s.GetMetrics("nonexistent")
+	if m != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil metrics for non-existent token")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetMetrics_ReturnsCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m1 := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	m1.TotalRequests = 999
+
+	m2 := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m2.TotalRequests == 999 {
+		t.Error("GetMetrics should return a copy")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateScore_NewToken(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	score := s.CalculateScore("newtoken")
+	if score != 1.0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected score 1.0 for new token, got %f", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateScore_PerfectToken(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 50*time.Millisecond)
+	s.SetQuotaRemaining("token1", 1.0)
+
+	time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
+	score := s.CalculateScore("token1")
+	if score < 0.5 || score > 1.0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected high score for perfect token, got %f", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateScore_FailedToken(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
+		s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 1000*time.Millisecond)
+	}
+	s.SetQuotaRemaining("token1", 0.1)
+
+	score := s.CalculateScore("token1")
+	if score > 0.5 {
+		t.Errorf("expected low score for failed token, got %f", score)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateScore_FailPenalty(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	scoreNoFail := s.CalculateScore("token1")
+
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", false, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	scoreWithFail := s.CalculateScore("token1")
+
+	if scoreWithFail >= scoreNoFail {
+		t.Errorf("expected lower score with consecutive failures: noFail=%f, withFail=%f", scoreNoFail, scoreWithFail)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectBestToken_Empty(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	best := s.SelectBestToken([]string{})
+	if best != "" {
+		t.Errorf("expected empty string for empty tokens, got %s", best)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectBestToken_SingleToken(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	best := s.SelectBestToken([]string{"token1"})
+	if best != "token1" {
+		t.Errorf("expected token1, got %s", best)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestSelectBestToken_MultipleTokens(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+
+	s.RecordRequest("bad", false, 1000*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("bad", false, 1000*time.Millisecond)
+	s.SetQuotaRemaining("bad", 0.1)
+
+	s.RecordRequest("good", true, 50*time.Millisecond)
+	s.SetQuotaRemaining("good", 0.9)
+
+	time.Sleep(50 * time.Millisecond)
+
+	best := s.SelectBestToken([]string{"bad", "good"})
+	if best != "good" {
+		t.Errorf("expected good token to be selected, got %s", best)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResetMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.ResetMetrics("token1")
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil metrics after reset")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResetAllMetrics(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token2", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token3", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	s.ResetAllMetrics()
+
+	if s.GetMetrics("token1") != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil metrics for token1 after reset all")
+	}
+	if s.GetMetrics("token2") != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil metrics for token2 after reset all")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTokenScorer_ConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	const numGoroutines = 50
+	const numOperations = 100
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(numGoroutines)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			tokenKey := "token" + string(rune('a'+id%10))
+			for j := 0; j < numOperations; j++ {
+				switch j % 6 {
+				case 0:
+					s.RecordRequest(tokenKey, j%2 == 0, time.Duration(j)*time.Millisecond)
+				case 1:
+					s.SetQuotaRemaining(tokenKey, float64(j%100)/100)
+				case 2:
+					s.GetMetrics(tokenKey)
+				case 3:
+					s.CalculateScore(tokenKey)
+				case 4:
+					s.SelectBestToken([]string{tokenKey, "token_x", "token_y"})
+				case 5:
+					if j%20 == 0 {
+						s.ResetMetrics(tokenKey)
+					}
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestAvgLatencyCalculation(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 200*time.Millisecond)
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 300*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m.AvgLatency != 200 {
+		t.Errorf("expected AvgLatency 200, got %f", m.AvgLatency)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestLastUsedUpdated(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	before := time.Now()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m.LastUsed.Before(before) {
+		t.Error("expected LastUsed to be after test start time")
+	}
+	if m.LastUsed.After(time.Now()) {
+		t.Error("expected LastUsed to be before or equal to now")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestDefaultQuotaForNewToken(t *testing.T) {
+	s := NewTokenScorer()
+	s.RecordRequest("token1", true, 100*time.Millisecond)
+
+	m := s.GetMetrics("token1")
+	if m.QuotaRemaining != 1.0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected default QuotaRemaining 1.0, got %f", m.QuotaRemaining)
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/oauth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
+// Package kiro provides OAuth2 authentication for Kiro using native Google login.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"html"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Kiro auth endpoint
+	kiroAuthEndpoint = "https://prod.us-east-1.auth.desktop.kiro.dev"
+
+	// Default callback port
+	defaultCallbackPort = 9876
+
+	// Auth timeout
+	authTimeout = 10 * time.Minute
+)
+
+// KiroTokenResponse represents the response from Kiro token endpoint.
+type KiroTokenResponse struct {
+	AccessToken  string `json:"accessToken"`
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refreshToken"`
+	ProfileArn   string `json:"profileArn"`
+	ExpiresIn    int    `json:"expiresIn"`
+}
+
+// KiroOAuth handles the OAuth flow for Kiro authentication.
+type KiroOAuth struct {
+	httpClient  *http.Client
+	cfg         *config.Config
+	machineID   string
+	kiroVersion string
+}
+
+// NewKiroOAuth creates a new Kiro OAuth handler.
+func NewKiroOAuth(cfg *config.Config) *KiroOAuth {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
+	if cfg != nil {
+		client = util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, client)
+	}
+	fp := GlobalFingerprintManager().GetFingerprint("login")
+	return &KiroOAuth{
+		httpClient:  client,
+		cfg:         cfg,
+		machineID:   fp.KiroHash,
+		kiroVersion: fp.KiroVersion,
+	}
+}
+
+// generateCodeVerifier generates a random code verifier for PKCE.
+func generateCodeVerifier() (string, error) {
+	b := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
+}
+
+// generateCodeChallenge generates the code challenge from verifier.
+func generateCodeChallenge(verifier string) string {
+	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(verifier))
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(h[:])
+}
+
+// generateState generates a random state parameter.
+func generateState() (string, error) {
+	b := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
+}
+
+// AuthResult contains the authorization code and state from callback.
+type AuthResult struct {
+	Code  string
+	State string
+	Error string
+}
+
+// startCallbackServer starts a local HTTP server to receive the OAuth callback.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) startCallbackServer(ctx context.Context, expectedState string) (string, <-chan AuthResult, error) {
+	// Try to find an available port - use localhost like Kiro does
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", defaultCallbackPort))
+	if err != nil {
+		// Try with dynamic port (RFC 8252 allows dynamic ports for native apps)
+		log.Warnf("kiro oauth: default port %d is busy, falling back to dynamic port", defaultCallbackPort)
+		listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start callback server: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	port := listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+	// Use http scheme for local callback server
+	redirectURI := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/oauth/callback", port)
+	resultChan := make(chan AuthResult, 1)
+
+	server := &http.Server{
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/oauth/callback", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		code := r.URL.Query().Get("code")
+		state := r.URL.Query().Get("state")
+		errParam := r.URL.Query().Get("error")
+
+		if errParam != "" {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `<html><body><h1>Login Failed</h1><p>%s</p><p>You can close this window.</p></body></html>`, html.EscapeString(errParam))
+			resultChan <- AuthResult{Error: errParam}
+			return
+		}
+
+		if state != expectedState {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `<html><body><h1>Login Failed</h1><p>Invalid state parameter</p><p>You can close this window.</p></body></html>`)
+			resultChan <- AuthResult{Error: "state mismatch"}
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html")
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `<html><body><h1>Login Successful!</h1><p>You can close this window and return to the terminal.</p></body></html>`)
+		resultChan <- AuthResult{Code: code, State: state}
+	})
+
+	server.Handler = mux
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := server.Serve(listener); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			log.Debugf("callback server error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case <-time.After(authTimeout):
+		case <-resultChan:
+		}
+		_ = server.Shutdown(context.Background())
+	}()
+
+	return redirectURI, resultChan, nil
+}
+
+// LoginWithBuilderID performs OAuth login with AWS Builder ID using device code flow.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) LoginWithBuilderID(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	ssoClient := NewSSOOIDCClient(o.cfg)
+	return ssoClient.LoginWithBuilderID(ctx)
+}
+
+// LoginWithBuilderIDAuthCode performs OAuth login with AWS Builder ID using authorization code flow.
+// This provides a better UX than device code flow as it uses automatic browser callback.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) LoginWithBuilderIDAuthCode(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	ssoClient := NewSSOOIDCClient(o.cfg)
+	return ssoClient.LoginWithBuilderIDAuthCode(ctx)
+}
+
+// exchangeCodeForToken exchanges the authorization code for tokens.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) exchangeCodeForToken(ctx context.Context, code, codeVerifier, redirectURI string) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	payload := map[string]string{
+		"code":          code,
+		"code_verifier": codeVerifier,
+		"redirect_uri":  redirectURI,
+	}
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tokenURL := kiroAuthEndpoint + "/oauth/token"
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, tokenURL, strings.NewReader(string(body)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("KiroIDE-%s-%s", o.kiroVersion, o.machineID))
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
+
+	resp, err := o.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		log.Debugf("token exchange failed (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token exchange failed (status %d)", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var tokenResp KiroTokenResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &tokenResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate ExpiresIn - use default 1 hour if invalid
+	expiresIn := tokenResp.ExpiresIn
+	if expiresIn <= 0 {
+		expiresIn = 3600
+	}
+	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expiresIn) * time.Second)
+
+	return &KiroTokenData{
+		AccessToken:  tokenResp.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken: tokenResp.RefreshToken,
+		ProfileArn:   tokenResp.ProfileArn,
+		ExpiresAt:    expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		AuthMethod:   "social",
+		Provider:     "", // Caller should preserve original provider
+		Region:       "us-east-1",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// RefreshToken refreshes an expired access token.
+// Uses KiroIDE-style User-Agent to match official Kiro IDE behavior.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) RefreshToken(ctx context.Context, refreshToken string) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	return o.RefreshTokenWithFingerprint(ctx, refreshToken, "")
+}
+
+// RefreshTokenWithFingerprint refreshes an expired access token with a specific fingerprint.
+// tokenKey is used to generate a consistent fingerprint for the token.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) RefreshTokenWithFingerprint(ctx context.Context, refreshToken, tokenKey string) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	payload := map[string]string{
+		"refreshToken": refreshToken,
+	}
+
+	body, err := json.Marshal(payload)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	refreshURL := kiroAuthEndpoint + "/refreshToken"
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, refreshURL, strings.NewReader(string(body)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("KiroIDE-%s-%s", o.kiroVersion, o.machineID))
+	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
+
+	resp, err := o.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refresh request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		log.Debugf("token refresh failed (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+	}
+
+	var tokenResp KiroTokenResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &tokenResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate ExpiresIn - use default 1 hour if invalid
+	expiresIn := tokenResp.ExpiresIn
+	if expiresIn <= 0 {
+		expiresIn = 3600
+	}
+	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expiresIn) * time.Second)
+
+	return &KiroTokenData{
+		AccessToken:  tokenResp.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken: tokenResp.RefreshToken,
+		ProfileArn:   tokenResp.ProfileArn,
+		ExpiresAt:    expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		AuthMethod:   "social",
+		Provider:     "", // Caller should preserve original provider
+		Region:       "us-east-1",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// LoginWithGoogle performs OAuth login with Google using Kiro's social auth.
+// This uses a custom protocol handler (kiro://) to receive the callback.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) LoginWithGoogle(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	socialClient := NewSocialAuthClient(o.cfg)
+	return socialClient.LoginWithGoogle(ctx)
+}
+
+// LoginWithGitHub performs OAuth login with GitHub using Kiro's social auth.
+// This uses a custom protocol handler (kiro://) to receive the callback.
+func (o *KiroOAuth) LoginWithGitHub(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	socialClient := NewSocialAuthClient(o.cfg)
+	return socialClient.LoginWithGitHub(ctx)
+}

internal/auth/kiro/oauth_web.go

@@ -0,0 +1,975 @@
+// Package kiro provides OAuth Web authentication for Kiro.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"html/template"
+	"net/http"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	defaultSessionExpiry = 10 * time.Minute
+	pollIntervalSeconds  = 5
+)
+
+type authSessionStatus string
+
+const (
+	statusPending authSessionStatus = "pending"
+	statusSuccess authSessionStatus = "success"
+	statusFailed  authSessionStatus = "failed"
+)
+
+type webAuthSession struct {
+	stateID         string
+	deviceCode      string
+	userCode        string
+	authURL         string
+	verificationURI string
+	expiresIn       int
+	interval        int
+	status          authSessionStatus
+	startedAt       time.Time
+	completedAt     time.Time
+	expiresAt       time.Time
+	error           string
+	tokenData       *KiroTokenData
+	ssoClient       *SSOOIDCClient
+	clientID        string
+	clientSecret    string
+	region          string
+	cancelFunc      context.CancelFunc
+	authMethod      string // "google", "github", "builder-id", "idc"
+	startURL        string // Used for IDC
+	codeVerifier    string // Used for social auth PKCE
+	codeChallenge   string // Used for social auth PKCE
+}
+
+type OAuthWebHandler struct {
+	cfg             *config.Config
+	sessions        map[string]*webAuthSession
+	mu              sync.RWMutex
+	onTokenObtained func(*KiroTokenData)
+}
+
+func NewOAuthWebHandler(cfg *config.Config) *OAuthWebHandler {
+	return &OAuthWebHandler{
+		cfg:      cfg,
+		sessions: make(map[string]*webAuthSession),
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) SetTokenCallback(callback func(*KiroTokenData)) {
+	h.onTokenObtained = callback
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) RegisterRoutes(router gin.IRouter) {
+	oauth := router.Group("/v0/oauth/kiro")
+	{
+		oauth.GET("", h.handleSelect)
+		oauth.GET("/start", h.handleStart)
+		oauth.GET("/callback", h.handleCallback)
+		oauth.GET("/social/callback", h.handleSocialCallback)
+		oauth.GET("/status", h.handleStatus)
+		oauth.POST("/import", h.handleImportToken)
+		oauth.POST("/refresh", h.handleManualRefresh)
+	}
+}
+
+func generateStateID() (string, error) {
+	b := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) handleSelect(c *gin.Context) {
+	h.renderSelectPage(c)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) handleStart(c *gin.Context) {
+	method := c.Query("method")
+
+	if method == "" {
+		c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/v0/oauth/kiro")
+		return
+	}
+
+	switch method {
+	case "google", "github":
+		// Google/GitHub social login is not supported for third-party apps
+		// due to AWS Cognito redirect_uri restrictions
+		h.renderError(c, "Google/GitHub login is not available for third-party applications. Please use AWS Builder ID or import your token from Kiro IDE.")
+	case "builder-id":
+		h.startBuilderIDAuth(c)
+	case "idc":
+		h.startIDCAuth(c)
+	default:
+		h.renderError(c, fmt.Sprintf("Unknown authentication method: %s", method))
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) startSocialAuth(c *gin.Context, method string) {
+	stateID, err := generateStateID()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.renderError(c, "Failed to generate state parameter")
+		return
+	}
+
+	codeVerifier, codeChallenge, err := generatePKCE()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.renderError(c, "Failed to generate PKCE parameters")
+		return
+	}
+
+	socialClient := NewSocialAuthClient(h.cfg)
+
+	var provider string
+	if method == "google" {
+		provider = string(ProviderGoogle)
+	} else {
+		provider = string(ProviderGitHub)
+	}
+
+	redirectURI := h.getSocialCallbackURL(c)
+	authURL := socialClient.buildLoginURL(provider, redirectURI, codeChallenge, stateID)
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Minute)
+
+	session := &webAuthSession{
+		stateID:       stateID,
+		authMethod:    method,
+		authURL:       authURL,
+		status:        statusPending,
+		startedAt:     time.Now(),
+		expiresIn:     600,
+		codeVerifier:  codeVerifier,
+		codeChallenge: codeChallenge,
+		region:        "us-east-1",
+		cancelFunc:    cancel,
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	h.sessions[stateID] = session
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	go func() {
+		<-ctx.Done()
+		h.mu.Lock()
+		if session.status == statusPending {
+			session.status = statusFailed
+			session.error = "Authentication timed out"
+		}
+		h.mu.Unlock()
+	}()
+
+	c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, authURL)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) getSocialCallbackURL(c *gin.Context) string {
+	scheme := "http"
+	if c.Request.TLS != nil || c.GetHeader("X-Forwarded-Proto") == "https" {
+		scheme = "https"
+	}
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s://%s/v0/oauth/kiro/social/callback", scheme, c.Request.Host)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) startBuilderIDAuth(c *gin.Context) {
+	stateID, err := generateStateID()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.renderError(c, "Failed to generate state parameter")
+		return
+	}
+
+	region := defaultIDCRegion
+	startURL := builderIDStartURL
+
+	ssoClient := NewSSOOIDCClient(h.cfg)
+
+	regResp, err := ssoClient.RegisterClientWithRegion(c.Request.Context(), region)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to register client: %v", err)
+		h.renderError(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to register client: %v", err))
+		return
+	}
+
+	authResp, err := ssoClient.StartDeviceAuthorizationWithIDC(
+		c.Request.Context(),
+		regResp.ClientID,
+		regResp.ClientSecret,
+		startURL,
+		region,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to start device authorization: %v", err)
+		h.renderError(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start device authorization: %v", err))
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(authResp.ExpiresIn)*time.Second)
+
+	session := &webAuthSession{
+		stateID:         stateID,
+		deviceCode:      authResp.DeviceCode,
+		userCode:        authResp.UserCode,
+		authURL:         authResp.VerificationURIComplete,
+		verificationURI: authResp.VerificationURI,
+		expiresIn:       authResp.ExpiresIn,
+		interval:        authResp.Interval,
+		status:          statusPending,
+		startedAt:       time.Now(),
+		ssoClient:       ssoClient,
+		clientID:        regResp.ClientID,
+		clientSecret:    regResp.ClientSecret,
+		region:          region,
+		authMethod:      "builder-id",
+		startURL:        startURL,
+		cancelFunc:      cancel,
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	h.sessions[stateID] = session
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	go h.pollForToken(ctx, session)
+
+	h.renderStartPage(c, session)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) startIDCAuth(c *gin.Context) {
+	startURL := c.Query("startUrl")
+	region := c.Query("region")
+
+	if startURL == "" {
+		h.renderError(c, "Missing startUrl parameter for IDC authentication")
+		return
+	}
+	if region == "" {
+		region = defaultIDCRegion
+	}
+
+	stateID, err := generateStateID()
+	if err != nil {
+		h.renderError(c, "Failed to generate state parameter")
+		return
+	}
+
+	ssoClient := NewSSOOIDCClient(h.cfg)
+
+	regResp, err := ssoClient.RegisterClientWithRegion(c.Request.Context(), region)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to register client: %v", err)
+		h.renderError(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to register client: %v", err))
+		return
+	}
+
+	authResp, err := ssoClient.StartDeviceAuthorizationWithIDC(
+		c.Request.Context(),
+		regResp.ClientID,
+		regResp.ClientSecret,
+		startURL,
+		region,
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to start device authorization: %v", err)
+		h.renderError(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to start device authorization: %v", err))
+		return
+	}
+
+	ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), time.Duration(authResp.ExpiresIn)*time.Second)
+
+	session := &webAuthSession{
+		stateID:         stateID,
+		deviceCode:      authResp.DeviceCode,
+		userCode:        authResp.UserCode,
+		authURL:         authResp.VerificationURIComplete,
+		verificationURI: authResp.VerificationURI,
+		expiresIn:       authResp.ExpiresIn,
+		interval:        authResp.Interval,
+		status:          statusPending,
+		startedAt:       time.Now(),
+		ssoClient:       ssoClient,
+		clientID:        regResp.ClientID,
+		clientSecret:    regResp.ClientSecret,
+		region:          region,
+		authMethod:      "idc",
+		startURL:        startURL,
+		cancelFunc:      cancel,
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	h.sessions[stateID] = session
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	go h.pollForToken(ctx, session)
+
+	h.renderStartPage(c, session)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) pollForToken(ctx context.Context, session *webAuthSession) {
+	defer session.cancelFunc()
+
+	interval := time.Duration(session.interval) * time.Second
+	if interval < time.Duration(pollIntervalSeconds)*time.Second {
+		interval = time.Duration(pollIntervalSeconds) * time.Second
+	}
+
+	ticker := time.NewTicker(interval)
+	defer ticker.Stop()
+
+	for {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+			h.mu.Lock()
+			if session.status == statusPending {
+				session.status = statusFailed
+				session.error = "Authentication timed out"
+			}
+			h.mu.Unlock()
+			return
+		case <-ticker.C:
+			tokenResp, err := h.ssoClient(session).CreateTokenWithRegion(
+				ctx,
+				session.clientID,
+				session.clientSecret,
+				session.deviceCode,
+				session.region,
+			)
+
+			if err != nil {
+				errStr := err.Error()
+				if errStr == ErrAuthorizationPending.Error() {
+					continue
+				}
+				if errStr == ErrSlowDown.Error() {
+					interval += 5 * time.Second
+					ticker.Reset(interval)
+					continue
+				}
+
+				h.mu.Lock()
+				session.status = statusFailed
+				session.error = errStr
+				session.completedAt = time.Now()
+				h.mu.Unlock()
+
+				log.Errorf("OAuth Web: token polling failed: %v", err)
+				return
+			}
+
+			expiresAt := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(tokenResp.ExpiresIn) * time.Second)
+
+			// Fetch profileArn for IDC
+			var profileArn string
+			if session.authMethod == "idc" {
+				profileArn = session.ssoClient.FetchProfileArn(ctx, tokenResp.AccessToken, session.clientID, tokenResp.RefreshToken)
+			}
+
+			email := FetchUserEmailWithFallback(ctx, h.cfg, tokenResp.AccessToken, session.clientID, tokenResp.RefreshToken)
+
+			tokenData := &KiroTokenData{
+				AccessToken:  tokenResp.AccessToken,
+				RefreshToken: tokenResp.RefreshToken,
+				ProfileArn:   profileArn,
+				ExpiresAt:    expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+				AuthMethod:   session.authMethod,
+				Provider:     "AWS",
+				ClientID:     session.clientID,
+				ClientSecret: session.clientSecret,
+				Email:        email,
+				Region:       session.region,
+				StartURL:     session.startURL,
+			}
+
+			h.mu.Lock()
+			session.status = statusSuccess
+			session.completedAt = time.Now()
+			session.expiresAt = expiresAt
+			session.tokenData = tokenData
+			h.mu.Unlock()
+
+			if h.onTokenObtained != nil {
+				h.onTokenObtained(tokenData)
+			}
+
+			// Save token to file
+			h.saveTokenToFile(tokenData)
+
+			log.Infof("OAuth Web: authentication successful for %s", email)
+			return
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// saveTokenToFile saves the token data to the auth directory
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) saveTokenToFile(tokenData *KiroTokenData) {
+	// Get auth directory from config or use default
+	authDir := ""
+	if h.cfg != nil && h.cfg.AuthDir != "" {
+		var err error
+		authDir, err = util.ResolveAuthDir(h.cfg.AuthDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to resolve auth directory: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Fall back to default location
+	if authDir == "" {
+		home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to get home directory: %v", err)
+			return
+		}
+		authDir = filepath.Join(home, ".cli-proxy-api")
+	}
+
+	// Create directory if not exists
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(authDir, 0700); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to create auth directory: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Generate filename using the unified function
+	fileName := GenerateTokenFileName(tokenData)
+
+	authFilePath := filepath.Join(authDir, fileName)
+
+	// Convert to storage format and save
+	storage := &KiroTokenStorage{
+		Type:         "kiro",
+		AccessToken:  tokenData.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken: tokenData.RefreshToken,
+		ProfileArn:   tokenData.ProfileArn,
+		ExpiresAt:    tokenData.ExpiresAt,
+		AuthMethod:   tokenData.AuthMethod,
+		Provider:     tokenData.Provider,
+		LastRefresh:  time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339),
+		ClientID:     tokenData.ClientID,
+		ClientSecret: tokenData.ClientSecret,
+		Region:       tokenData.Region,
+		StartURL:     tokenData.StartURL,
+		Email:        tokenData.Email,
+	}
+
+	if err := storage.SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to save token to file: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+
+	log.Infof("OAuth Web: token saved to %s", authFilePath)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) ssoClient(session *webAuthSession) *SSOOIDCClient {
+	return session.ssoClient
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) handleCallback(c *gin.Context) {
+	stateID := c.Query("state")
+	errParam := c.Query("error")
+
+	if errParam != "" {
+		h.renderError(c, errParam)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if stateID == "" {
+		h.renderError(c, "Missing state parameter")
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	session, exists := h.sessions[stateID]
+	h.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if !exists {
+		h.renderError(c, "Invalid or expired session")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if session.status == statusSuccess {
+		h.renderSuccess(c, session)
+	} else if session.status == statusFailed {
+		h.renderError(c, session.error)
+	} else {
+		c.Redirect(http.StatusFound, "/v0/oauth/kiro/start")
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) handleSocialCallback(c *gin.Context) {
+	stateID := c.Query("state")
+	code := c.Query("code")
+	errParam := c.Query("error")
+
+	if errParam != "" {
+		h.renderError(c, errParam)
+		return
+	}
+
+	if stateID == "" {
+		h.renderError(c, "Missing state parameter")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if code == "" {
+		h.renderError(c, "Missing authorization code")
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	session, exists := h.sessions[stateID]
+	h.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if !exists {
+		h.renderError(c, "Invalid or expired session")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if session.authMethod != "google" && session.authMethod != "github" {
+		h.renderError(c, "Invalid session type for social callback")
+		return
+	}
+
+	socialClient := NewSocialAuthClient(h.cfg)
+	redirectURI := h.getSocialCallbackURL(c)
+
+	tokenReq := &CreateTokenRequest{
+		Code:         code,
+		CodeVerifier: session.codeVerifier,
+		RedirectURI:  redirectURI,
+	}
+
+	tokenResp, err := socialClient.CreateToken(c.Request.Context(), tokenReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: social token exchange failed: %v", err)
+		h.mu.Lock()
+		session.status = statusFailed
+		session.error = fmt.Sprintf("Token exchange failed: %v", err)
+		session.completedAt = time.Now()
+		h.mu.Unlock()
+		h.renderError(c, session.error)
+		return
+	}
+
+	expiresIn := tokenResp.ExpiresIn
+	if expiresIn <= 0 {
+		expiresIn = 3600
+	}
+	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expiresIn) * time.Second)
+
+	email := ExtractEmailFromJWT(tokenResp.AccessToken)
+
+	var provider string
+	if session.authMethod == "google" {
+		provider = string(ProviderGoogle)
+	} else {
+		provider = string(ProviderGitHub)
+	}
+
+	tokenData := &KiroTokenData{
+		AccessToken:  tokenResp.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken: tokenResp.RefreshToken,
+		ProfileArn:   tokenResp.ProfileArn,
+		ExpiresAt:    expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		AuthMethod:   session.authMethod,
+		Provider:     provider,
+		Email:        email,
+		Region:       "us-east-1",
+	}
+
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	session.status = statusSuccess
+	session.completedAt = time.Now()
+	session.expiresAt = expiresAt
+	session.tokenData = tokenData
+	h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if session.cancelFunc != nil {
+		session.cancelFunc()
+	}
+
+	if h.onTokenObtained != nil {
+		h.onTokenObtained(tokenData)
+	}
+
+	// Save token to file
+	h.saveTokenToFile(tokenData)
+
+	log.Infof("OAuth Web: social authentication successful for %s via %s", email, provider)
+	h.renderSuccess(c, session)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) handleStatus(c *gin.Context) {
+	stateID := c.Query("state")
+	if stateID == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{"error": "missing state parameter"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	session, exists := h.sessions[stateID]
+	h.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if !exists {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusNotFound, gin.H{"error": "session not found"})
+		return
+	}
+
+	response := gin.H{
+		"status": string(session.status),
+	}
+
+	switch session.status {
+	case statusPending:
+		elapsed := time.Since(session.startedAt).Seconds()
+		remaining := float64(session.expiresIn) - elapsed
+		if remaining < 0 {
+			remaining = 0
+		}
+		response["remaining_seconds"] = int(remaining)
+	case statusSuccess:
+		response["completed_at"] = session.completedAt.Format(time.RFC3339)
+		response["expires_at"] = session.expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	case statusFailed:
+		response["error"] = session.error
+		response["failed_at"] = session.completedAt.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) renderStartPage(c *gin.Context, session *webAuthSession) {
+	tmpl, err := template.New("start").Parse(oauthWebStartPageHTML)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to parse template: %v", err)
+		c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Template error")
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := map[string]interface{}{
+		"AuthURL":   session.authURL,
+		"UserCode":  session.userCode,
+		"ExpiresIn": session.expiresIn,
+		"StateID":   session.stateID,
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(c.Writer, data); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to render template: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) renderSelectPage(c *gin.Context) {
+	tmpl, err := template.New("select").Parse(oauthWebSelectPageHTML)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to parse select template: %v", err)
+		c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Template error")
+		return
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(c.Writer, nil); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to render select template: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) renderError(c *gin.Context, errMsg string) {
+	tmpl, err := template.New("error").Parse(oauthWebErrorPageHTML)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to parse error template: %v", err)
+		c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Template error")
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := map[string]interface{}{
+		"Error": errMsg,
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	c.Status(http.StatusBadRequest)
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(c.Writer, data); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to render error template: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) renderSuccess(c *gin.Context, session *webAuthSession) {
+	tmpl, err := template.New("success").Parse(oauthWebSuccessPageHTML)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to parse success template: %v", err)
+		c.String(http.StatusInternalServerError, "Template error")
+		return
+	}
+
+	data := map[string]interface{}{
+		"ExpiresAt": session.expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+	}
+
+	c.Header("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	if err := tmpl.Execute(c.Writer, data); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to render success template: %v", err)
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) CleanupExpiredSessions() {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	now := time.Now()
+	for id, session := range h.sessions {
+		if session.status != statusPending && now.Sub(session.completedAt) > 30*time.Minute {
+			delete(h.sessions, id)
+		} else if session.status == statusPending && now.Sub(session.startedAt) > defaultSessionExpiry {
+			session.cancelFunc()
+			delete(h.sessions, id)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) GetSession(stateID string) (*webAuthSession, bool) {
+	h.mu.RLock()
+	defer h.mu.RUnlock()
+	session, exists := h.sessions[stateID]
+	return session, exists
+}
+
+// ImportTokenRequest represents the request body for token import
+type ImportTokenRequest struct {
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refreshToken"`
+}
+
+// handleImportToken handles manual refresh token import from Kiro IDE
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) handleImportToken(c *gin.Context) {
+	var req ImportTokenRequest
+	if err := c.ShouldBindJSON(&req); err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"success": false,
+			"error":   "Invalid request body",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	refreshToken := strings.TrimSpace(req.RefreshToken)
+	if refreshToken == "" {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"success": false,
+			"error":   "Refresh token is required",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Validate token format
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(refreshToken, "aorAAAAAG") {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"success": false,
+			"error":   "Invalid token format. Token should start with aorAAAAAG...",
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Create social auth client to refresh and validate the token
+	socialClient := NewSocialAuthClient(h.cfg)
+
+	// Refresh the token to validate it and get access token
+	tokenData, err := socialClient.RefreshSocialToken(c.Request.Context(), refreshToken)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("OAuth Web: token refresh failed during import: %v", err)
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"success": false,
+			"error":   fmt.Sprintf("Token validation failed: %v", err),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Set the original refresh token (the refreshed one might be empty)
+	if tokenData.RefreshToken == "" {
+		tokenData.RefreshToken = refreshToken
+	}
+	tokenData.AuthMethod = "social"
+	tokenData.Provider = "imported"
+
+	// Notify callback if set
+	if h.onTokenObtained != nil {
+		h.onTokenObtained(tokenData)
+	}
+
+	// Save token to file
+	h.saveTokenToFile(tokenData)
+
+	// Generate filename for response using the unified function
+	fileName := GenerateTokenFileName(tokenData)
+
+	log.Infof("OAuth Web: token imported successfully")
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, gin.H{
+		"success":  true,
+		"message":  "Token imported successfully",
+		"fileName": fileName,
+	})
+}
+
+// handleManualRefresh handles manual token refresh requests from the web UI.
+// This allows users to trigger a token refresh when needed, without waiting
+// for the automatic 30-second check and 20-minute-before-expiry refresh cycle.
+// Uses the same refresh logic as kiro_executor.Refresh for consistency.
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) handleManualRefresh(c *gin.Context) {
+	authDir := ""
+	if h.cfg != nil && h.cfg.AuthDir != "" {
+		var err error
+		authDir, err = util.ResolveAuthDir(h.cfg.AuthDir)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Errorf("OAuth Web: failed to resolve auth directory: %v", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if authDir == "" {
+		home, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+		if err != nil {
+			c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{
+				"success": false,
+				"error":   "Failed to get home directory",
+			})
+			return
+		}
+		authDir = filepath.Join(home, ".cli-proxy-api")
+	}
+
+	// Find all kiro token files in the auth directory
+	files, err := os.ReadDir(authDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusInternalServerError, gin.H{
+			"success": false,
+			"error":   fmt.Sprintf("Failed to read auth directory: %v", err),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	var refreshedCount int
+	var errors []string
+
+	for _, file := range files {
+		if file.IsDir() {
+			continue
+		}
+		name := file.Name()
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(name, "kiro-") || !strings.HasSuffix(name, ".json") {
+			continue
+		}
+
+		filePath := filepath.Join(authDir, name)
+		data, err := os.ReadFile(filePath)
+		if err != nil {
+			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: read error - %v", name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		var storage KiroTokenStorage
+		if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &storage); err != nil {
+			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: parse error - %v", name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		if storage.RefreshToken == "" {
+			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: no refresh token", name))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Refresh token using the same logic as kiro_executor.Refresh
+		tokenData, err := h.refreshTokenData(c.Request.Context(), &storage)
+		if err != nil {
+			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: refresh failed - %v", name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		// Update storage with new token data
+		storage.AccessToken = tokenData.AccessToken
+		if tokenData.RefreshToken != "" {
+			storage.RefreshToken = tokenData.RefreshToken
+		}
+		storage.ExpiresAt = tokenData.ExpiresAt
+		storage.LastRefresh = time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+		if tokenData.ProfileArn != "" {
+			storage.ProfileArn = tokenData.ProfileArn
+		}
+
+		// Write updated token back to file
+		updatedData, err := json.MarshalIndent(storage, "", "  ")
+		if err != nil {
+			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: marshal error - %v", name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		tmpFile := filePath + ".tmp"
+		if err := os.WriteFile(tmpFile, updatedData, 0600); err != nil {
+			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: write error - %v", name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+		if err := os.Rename(tmpFile, filePath); err != nil {
+			errors = append(errors, fmt.Sprintf("%s: rename error - %v", name, err))
+			continue
+		}
+
+		log.Infof("OAuth Web: manually refreshed token in %s, expires at %s", name, tokenData.ExpiresAt)
+		refreshedCount++
+
+		// Notify callback if set
+		if h.onTokenObtained != nil {
+			h.onTokenObtained(tokenData)
+		}
+	}
+
+	if refreshedCount == 0 && len(errors) > 0 {
+		c.JSON(http.StatusBadRequest, gin.H{
+			"success": false,
+			"error":   fmt.Sprintf("All refresh attempts failed: %v", errors),
+		})
+		return
+	}
+
+	response := gin.H{
+		"success":        true,
+		"message":        fmt.Sprintf("Refreshed %d token(s)", refreshedCount),
+		"refreshedCount": refreshedCount,
+	}
+	if len(errors) > 0 {
+		response["warnings"] = errors
+	}
+
+	c.JSON(http.StatusOK, response)
+}
+
+// refreshTokenData refreshes a token using the appropriate method based on auth type.
+// This mirrors the logic in kiro_executor.Refresh for consistency.
+func (h *OAuthWebHandler) refreshTokenData(ctx context.Context, storage *KiroTokenStorage) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	ssoClient := NewSSOOIDCClient(h.cfg)
+
+	switch {
+	case storage.ClientID != "" && storage.ClientSecret != "" && storage.AuthMethod == "idc" && storage.Region != "":
+		// IDC refresh with region-specific endpoint
+		log.Debugf("OAuth Web: using SSO OIDC refresh for IDC (region=%s)", storage.Region)
+		return ssoClient.RefreshTokenWithRegion(ctx, storage.ClientID, storage.ClientSecret, storage.RefreshToken, storage.Region, storage.StartURL)
+
+	case storage.ClientID != "" && storage.ClientSecret != "" && storage.AuthMethod == "builder-id":
+		// Builder ID refresh with default endpoint
+		log.Debugf("OAuth Web: using SSO OIDC refresh for AWS Builder ID")
+		return ssoClient.RefreshToken(ctx, storage.ClientID, storage.ClientSecret, storage.RefreshToken)
+
+	default:
+		// Fallback to Kiro's OAuth refresh endpoint (for social auth: Google/GitHub)
+		log.Debugf("OAuth Web: using Kiro OAuth refresh endpoint")
+		oauth := NewKiroOAuth(h.cfg)
+		return oauth.RefreshToken(ctx, storage.RefreshToken)
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/oauth_web_templates.go

@@ -0,0 +1,779 @@
+// Package kiro provides OAuth Web authentication templates.
+package kiro
+
+const (
+	oauthWebStartPageHTML = `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>AWS SSO Authentication</title>
+    <style>
+        * { box-sizing: border-box; }
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            display: flex;
+            justify-content: center;
+            align-items: center;
+        }
+        .container {
+            max-width: 500px;
+            width: 100%;
+            background: #fff;
+            padding: 40px;
+            border-radius: 12px;
+            box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
+        }
+        h1 {
+            margin: 0 0 10px;
+            color: #333;
+            font-size: 24px;
+            text-align: center;
+        }
+        .subtitle {
+            text-align: center;
+            color: #666;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .step {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            margin-bottom: 15px;
+        }
+        .step-title {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            color: #333;
+            margin-bottom: 10px;
+        }
+        .step-number {
+            width: 28px;
+            height: 28px;
+            background: #667eea;
+            color: white;
+            border-radius: 50%;
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            justify-content: center;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            margin-right: 12px;
+        }
+        .user-code {
+            background: #e7f3ff;
+            border: 2px dashed #2196F3;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            padding: 20px;
+            text-align: center;
+            margin-top: 10px;
+        }
+        .user-code-label {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            color: #666;
+            text-transform: uppercase;
+            letter-spacing: 1px;
+            margin-bottom: 8px;
+        }
+        .user-code-value {
+            font-size: 32px;
+            font-weight: bold;
+            font-family: monospace;
+            color: #2196F3;
+            letter-spacing: 4px;
+        }
+        .auth-btn {
+            display: block;
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 15px;
+            background: #667eea;
+            color: white;
+            text-align: center;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            font-size: 16px;
+            transition: all 0.3s;
+            border: none;
+            cursor: pointer;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+        }
+        .auth-btn:hover {
+            background: #5568d3;
+            transform: translateY(-2px);
+            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
+        }
+        .status {
+            margin-top: 30px;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            text-align: center;
+        }
+        .status-pending { border-left: 4px solid #ffc107; }
+        .status-success { border-left: 4px solid #28a745; }
+        .status-failed { border-left: 4px solid #dc3545; }
+        .spinner {
+            border: 3px solid #f3f3f3;
+            border-top: 3px solid #667eea;
+            border-radius: 50%;
+            width: 40px;
+            height: 40px;
+            animation: spin 1s linear infinite;
+            margin: 0 auto 15px;
+        }
+        @keyframes spin {
+            0% { transform: rotate(0deg); }
+            100% { transform: rotate(360deg); }
+        }
+        .timer {
+            font-size: 24px;
+            font-weight: bold;
+            color: #667eea;
+            margin: 10px 0;
+        }
+        .timer.warning { color: #ffc107; }
+        .timer.danger { color: #dc3545; }
+        .status-message { color: #666; line-height: 1.6; }
+        .success-icon, .error-icon { font-size: 48px; margin-bottom: 15px; }
+        .info-box {
+            background: #e7f3ff;
+            border-left: 4px solid #2196F3;
+            padding: 15px;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            color: #666;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>🔐 AWS SSO Authentication</h1>
+        <p class="subtitle">Follow the steps below to complete authentication</p>
+        
+        <div class="step">
+            <div class="step-title">
+                <span class="step-number">1</span>
+                Click the button below to open the authorization page
+            </div>
+            <a href="{{.AuthURL}}" target="_blank" class="auth-btn" id="authBtn">
+                🚀 Open Authorization Page
+            </a>
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="step">
+            <div class="step-title">
+                <span class="step-number">2</span>
+                Enter the verification code below
+            </div>
+            <div class="user-code">
+                <div class="user-code-label">Verification Code</div>
+                <div class="user-code-value">{{.UserCode}}</div>
+            </div>
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="step">
+            <div class="step-title">
+                <span class="step-number">3</span>
+                Complete AWS SSO login
+            </div>
+            <p style="color: #666; font-size: 14px; margin-top: 10px;">
+                Use your AWS SSO account to login and authorize
+            </p>
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="status status-pending" id="statusBox">
+            <div class="spinner" id="spinner"></div>
+            <div class="timer" id="timer">{{.ExpiresIn}}s</div>
+            <div class="status-message" id="statusMessage">
+                Waiting for authorization...
+            </div>
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="info-box">
+            💡 <strong>Tip:</strong> The authorization page will open in a new tab. This page will automatically update once authorization is complete.
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    
+    <script>
+        let pollInterval;
+        let timerInterval;
+        let remainingSeconds = {{.ExpiresIn}};
+        const stateID = "{{.StateID}}";
+        
+        setTimeout(() => {
+            document.getElementById('authBtn').click();
+        }, 500);
+        
+        function pollStatus() {
+            fetch('/v0/oauth/kiro/status?state=' + stateID)
+                .then(response => response.json())
+                .then(data => {
+                    console.log('Status:', data);
+                    if (data.status === 'success') {
+                        clearInterval(pollInterval);
+                        clearInterval(timerInterval);
+                        showSuccess(data);
+                    } else if (data.status === 'failed') {
+                        clearInterval(pollInterval);
+                        clearInterval(timerInterval);
+                        showError(data);
+                    } else {
+                        remainingSeconds = data.remaining_seconds || 0;
+                    }
+                })
+                .catch(error => {
+                    console.error('Poll error:', error);
+                });
+        }
+        
+        function updateTimer() {
+            const timerEl = document.getElementById('timer');
+            const minutes = Math.floor(remainingSeconds / 60);
+            const seconds = remainingSeconds % 60;
+            timerEl.textContent = minutes + ':' + seconds.toString().padStart(2, '0');
+            
+            if (remainingSeconds < 60) {
+                timerEl.className = 'timer danger';
+            } else if (remainingSeconds < 180) {
+                timerEl.className = 'timer warning';
+            } else {
+                timerEl.className = 'timer';
+            }
+            
+            remainingSeconds--;
+            
+            if (remainingSeconds < 0) {
+                clearInterval(timerInterval);
+                clearInterval(pollInterval);
+                showError({ error: 'Authentication timed out. Please refresh and try again.' });
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function showSuccess(data) {
+            const statusBox = document.getElementById('statusBox');
+            statusBox.className = 'status status-success';
+            statusBox.innerHTML = '<div class="success-icon">✅</div>' +
+                '<div class="status-message">' +
+                '<strong>Authentication Successful!</strong><br>' +
+                'Token expires: ' + new Date(data.expires_at).toLocaleString() +
+                '</div>';
+        }
+        
+        function showError(data) {
+            const statusBox = document.getElementById('statusBox');
+            statusBox.className = 'status status-failed';
+            statusBox.innerHTML = '<div class="error-icon">❌</div>' +
+                '<div class="status-message">' +
+                '<strong>Authentication Failed</strong><br>' +
+                (data.error || 'Unknown error') +
+                '</div>' +
+                '<button class="auth-btn" onclick="location.reload()" style="margin-top: 15px;">' +
+                '🔄 Retry' +
+                '</button>';
+        }
+        
+        pollInterval = setInterval(pollStatus, 3000);
+        timerInterval = setInterval(updateTimer, 1000);
+        pollStatus();
+    </script>
+</body>
+</html>`
+
+	oauthWebErrorPageHTML = `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Authentication Failed</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
+            max-width: 600px;
+            margin: 50px auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .error {
+            background: #fff;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+            border-left: 4px solid #dc3545;
+        }
+        h1 { color: #dc3545; margin-top: 0; }
+        .error-message { color: #666; line-height: 1.6; }
+        .retry-btn {
+            display: inline-block;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            padding: 10px 20px;
+            background: #007bff;
+            color: white;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+        }
+        .retry-btn:hover { background: #0056b3; }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="error">
+        <h1>❌ Authentication Failed</h1>
+        <div class="error-message">
+            <p><strong>Error:</strong></p>
+            <p>{{.Error}}</p>
+        </div>
+        <a href="/v0/oauth/kiro/start" class="retry-btn">🔄 Retry</a>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`
+
+	oauthWebSuccessPageHTML = `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Authentication Successful</title>
+    <style>
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
+            max-width: 600px;
+            margin: 50px auto;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background: #f5f5f5;
+        }
+        .success {
+            background: #fff;
+            padding: 30px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            box-shadow: 0 2px 4px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
+            border-left: 4px solid #28a745;
+            text-align: center;
+        }
+        h1 { color: #28a745; margin-top: 0; }
+        .success-message { color: #666; line-height: 1.6; }
+        .icon { font-size: 48px; margin-bottom: 15px; }
+        .expires { font-size: 14px; color: #999; margin-top: 15px; }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="success">
+        <div class="icon">✅</div>
+        <h1>Authentication Successful!</h1>
+        <div class="success-message">
+            <p>You can close this window.</p>
+        </div>
+        <div class="expires">Token expires: {{.ExpiresAt}}</div>
+    </div>
+</body>
+</html>`
+
+	oauthWebSelectPageHTML = `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Select Authentication Method</title>
+    <style>
+        * { box-sizing: border-box; }
+        body {
+            font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
+            margin: 0;
+            padding: 20px;
+            background: linear-gradient(135deg, #667eea 0%, #764ba2 100%);
+            min-height: 100vh;
+            display: flex;
+            justify-content: center;
+            align-items: center;
+        }
+        .container {
+            max-width: 500px;
+            width: 100%;
+            background: #fff;
+            padding: 40px;
+            border-radius: 12px;
+            box-shadow: 0 10px 40px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);
+        }
+        h1 {
+            margin: 0 0 10px;
+            color: #333;
+            font-size: 24px;
+            text-align: center;
+        }
+        .subtitle {
+            text-align: center;
+            color: #666;
+            margin-bottom: 30px;
+        }
+        .auth-methods {
+            display: flex;
+            flex-direction: column;
+            gap: 15px;
+        }
+        .auth-btn {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 15px 20px;
+            background: #667eea;
+            color: white;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            font-size: 16px;
+            transition: all 0.3s;
+            border: none;
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+        .auth-btn:hover {
+            background: #5568d3;
+            transform: translateY(-2px);
+            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(102, 126, 234, 0.4);
+        }
+        .auth-btn .icon {
+            font-size: 24px;
+            margin-right: 15px;
+            width: 32px;
+            text-align: center;
+        }
+        .auth-btn.google { background: #4285F4; }
+        .auth-btn.google:hover { background: #3367D6; }
+        .auth-btn.github { background: #24292e; }
+        .auth-btn.github:hover { background: #1a1e22; }
+        .auth-btn.aws { background: #FF9900; }
+        .auth-btn.aws:hover { background: #E68A00; }
+        .auth-btn.idc { background: #232F3E; }
+        .auth-btn.idc:hover { background: #1a242f; }
+        .idc-form {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            margin-top: 15px;
+            display: none;
+        }
+        .idc-form.show {
+            display: block;
+        }
+        .form-group {
+            margin-bottom: 15px;
+        }
+        .form-group label {
+            display: block;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            color: #333;
+            margin-bottom: 8px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+        }
+        .form-group input {
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 12px;
+            border: 2px solid #e0e0e0;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            transition: border-color 0.3s;
+        }
+        .form-group input:focus {
+            outline: none;
+            border-color: #667eea;
+        }
+        .form-group .hint {
+            font-size: 12px;
+            color: #999;
+            margin-top: 5px;
+        }
+        .submit-btn {
+            display: block;
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 15px;
+            background: #232F3E;
+            color: white;
+            text-align: center;
+            text-decoration: none;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            font-weight: 600;
+            font-size: 16px;
+            transition: all 0.3s;
+            border: none;
+            cursor: pointer;
+        }
+        .submit-btn:hover {
+            background: #1a242f;
+            transform: translateY(-2px);
+            box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(35, 47, 62, 0.4);
+        }
+        .divider {
+            display: flex;
+            align-items: center;
+            margin: 20px 0;
+        }
+        .divider::before,
+        .divider::after {
+            content: "";
+            flex: 1;
+            border-bottom: 1px solid #e0e0e0;
+        }
+        .divider span {
+            padding: 0 15px;
+            color: #999;
+            font-size: 14px;
+        }
+        .info-box {
+            background: #e7f3ff;
+            border-left: 4px solid #2196F3;
+            padding: 15px;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            color: #666;
+        }
+        .warning-box {
+            background: #fff3cd;
+            border-left: 4px solid #ffc107;
+            padding: 15px;
+            margin-top: 20px;
+            border-radius: 4px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            color: #856404;
+        }
+        .auth-btn.manual { background: #6c757d; }
+        .auth-btn.manual:hover { background: #5a6268; }
+        .auth-btn.refresh { background: #17a2b8; }
+        .auth-btn.refresh:hover { background: #138496; }
+        .auth-btn.refresh:disabled { background: #7fb3bd; cursor: not-allowed; }
+        .manual-form {
+            background: #f8f9fa;
+            padding: 20px;
+            border-radius: 8px;
+            margin-top: 15px;
+            display: none;
+        }
+        .manual-form.show {
+            display: block;
+        }
+        .form-group textarea {
+            width: 100%;
+            padding: 12px;
+            border: 2px solid #e0e0e0;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            font-size: 14px;
+            font-family: monospace;
+            transition: border-color 0.3s;
+            resize: vertical;
+            min-height: 80px;
+        }
+        .form-group textarea:focus {
+            outline: none;
+            border-color: #667eea;
+        }
+        .status-message {
+            padding: 15px;
+            border-radius: 6px;
+            margin-top: 15px;
+            display: none;
+        }
+        .status-message.success {
+            background: #d4edda;
+            color: #155724;
+            display: block;
+        }
+        .status-message.error {
+            background: #f8d7da;
+            color: #721c24;
+            display: block;
+        }
+    </style>
+</head>
+<body>
+    <div class="container">
+        <h1>🔐 Select Authentication Method</h1>
+        <p class="subtitle">Choose how you want to authenticate with Kiro</p>
+        
+        <div class="auth-methods">
+            <a href="/v0/oauth/kiro/start?method=builder-id" class="auth-btn aws">
+                <span class="icon">🔶</span>
+                AWS Builder ID (Recommended)
+            </a>
+            
+            <button type="button" class="auth-btn idc" onclick="toggleIdcForm()">
+                <span class="icon">🏢</span>
+                AWS Identity Center (IDC)
+            </button>
+            
+            <div class="divider"><span>or</span></div>
+            
+            <button type="button" class="auth-btn manual" onclick="toggleManualForm()">
+                <span class="icon">📋</span>
+                Import RefreshToken from Kiro IDE
+            </button>
+            
+            <button type="button" class="auth-btn refresh" onclick="manualRefresh()" id="refreshBtn">
+                <span class="icon">🔄</span>
+                Manual Refresh All Tokens
+            </button>
+            
+            <div class="status-message" id="refreshStatus"></div>
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="idc-form" id="idcForm">
+            <form action="/v0/oauth/kiro/start" method="get">
+                <input type="hidden" name="method" value="idc">
+                
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="startUrl">Start URL</label>
+                    <input type="url" id="startUrl" name="startUrl" placeholder="https://your-org.awsapps.com/start" required>
+                    <div class="hint">Your AWS Identity Center Start URL</div>
+                </div>
+                
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="region">Region</label>
+                    <input type="text" id="region" name="region" value="us-east-1" placeholder="us-east-1">
+                    <div class="hint">AWS Region for your Identity Center</div>
+                </div>
+                
+                <button type="submit" class="submit-btn">
+                    🚀 Continue with IDC
+                </button>
+            </form>
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="manual-form" id="manualForm">
+            <form id="importForm" onsubmit="submitImport(event)">
+                <div class="form-group">
+                    <label for="refreshToken">Refresh Token</label>
+                    <textarea id="refreshToken" name="refreshToken" placeholder="Paste your refreshToken here (starts with aorAAAAAG...)" required></textarea>
+                    <div class="hint">Copy from Kiro IDE: ~/.kiro/kiro-auth-token.json → refreshToken field</div>
+                </div>
+                
+                <button type="submit" class="submit-btn" id="importBtn">
+                    📥 Import Token
+                </button>
+                
+                <div class="status-message" id="importStatus"></div>
+            </form>
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="warning-box">
+            ⚠️ <strong>Note:</strong> Google and GitHub login are not available for third-party applications due to AWS Cognito restrictions. Please use AWS Builder ID or import your token from Kiro IDE.
+        </div>
+        
+        <div class="info-box">
+            💡 <strong>How to get RefreshToken:</strong><br>
+            1. Open Kiro IDE and login with Google/GitHub<br>
+            2. Find the token file: <code>~/.kiro/kiro-auth-token.json</code><br>
+            3. Copy the <code>refreshToken</code> value and paste it above
+        </div>
+    </div>
+    
+    <script>
+        function toggleIdcForm() {
+            const idcForm = document.getElementById('idcForm');
+            const manualForm = document.getElementById('manualForm');
+            manualForm.classList.remove('show');
+            idcForm.classList.toggle('show');
+            if (idcForm.classList.contains('show')) {
+                document.getElementById('startUrl').focus();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        function toggleManualForm() {
+            const idcForm = document.getElementById('idcForm');
+            const manualForm = document.getElementById('manualForm');
+            idcForm.classList.remove('show');
+            manualForm.classList.toggle('show');
+            if (manualForm.classList.contains('show')) {
+                document.getElementById('refreshToken').focus();
+            }
+        }
+        
+        async function submitImport(event) {
+            event.preventDefault();
+            const refreshToken = document.getElementById('refreshToken').value.trim();
+            const statusEl = document.getElementById('importStatus');
+            const btn = document.getElementById('importBtn');
+            
+            if (!refreshToken) {
+                statusEl.className = 'status-message error';
+                statusEl.textContent = 'Please enter a refresh token';
+                return;
+            }
+            
+            if (!refreshToken.startsWith('aorAAAAAG')) {
+                statusEl.className = 'status-message error';
+                statusEl.textContent = 'Invalid token format. Token should start with aorAAAAAG...';
+                return;
+            }
+            
+            btn.disabled = true;
+            btn.textContent = '⏳ Importing...';
+            statusEl.className = 'status-message';
+            statusEl.style.display = 'none';
+            
+            try {
+                const response = await fetch('/v0/oauth/kiro/import', {
+                    method: 'POST',
+                    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' },
+                    body: JSON.stringify({ refreshToken: refreshToken })
+                });
+                
+                const data = await response.json();
+                
+                if (response.ok && data.success) {
+                    statusEl.className = 'status-message success';
+                    statusEl.textContent = '✅ Token imported successfully! File: ' + (data.fileName || 'kiro-token.json');
+                } else {
+                    statusEl.className = 'status-message error';
+                    statusEl.textContent = '❌ ' + (data.error || data.message || 'Import failed');
+                }
+            } catch (error) {
+                statusEl.className = 'status-message error';
+                statusEl.textContent = '❌ Network error: ' + error.message;
+            } finally {
+                btn.disabled = false;
+                btn.textContent = '📥 Import Token';
+            }
+        }
+        
+        async function manualRefresh() {
+            const btn = document.getElementById('refreshBtn');
+            const statusEl = document.getElementById('refreshStatus');
+            
+            btn.disabled = true;
+            btn.innerHTML = '<span class="icon">⏳</span> Refreshing...';
+            statusEl.className = 'status-message';
+            statusEl.style.display = 'none';
+            
+            try {
+                const response = await fetch('/v0/oauth/kiro/refresh', {
+                    method: 'POST',
+                    headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json' }
+                });
+                
+                const data = await response.json();
+                
+                if (response.ok && data.success) {
+                    statusEl.className = 'status-message success';
+                    let msg = '✅ ' + data.message;
+                    if (data.warnings && data.warnings.length > 0) {
+                        msg += ' (Warnings: ' + data.warnings.join('; ') + ')';
+                    }
+                    statusEl.textContent = msg;
+                } else {
+                    statusEl.className = 'status-message error';
+                    statusEl.textContent = '❌ ' + (data.error || data.message || 'Refresh failed');
+                }
+            } catch (error) {
+                statusEl.className = 'status-message error';
+                statusEl.textContent = '❌ Network error: ' + error.message;
+            } finally {
+                btn.disabled = false;
+                btn.innerHTML = '<span class="icon">🔄</span> Manual Refresh All Tokens';
+            }
+        }
+    </script>
+</body>
+</html>`
+)

internal/auth/kiro/protocol_handler.go

@@ -0,0 +1,725 @@
+// Package kiro provides custom protocol handler registration for Kiro OAuth.
+// This enables the CLI to intercept kiro:// URIs for social authentication (Google/GitHub).
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"html"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+const (
+	// KiroProtocol is the custom URI scheme used by Kiro
+	KiroProtocol = "kiro"
+
+	// KiroAuthority is the URI authority for authentication callbacks
+	KiroAuthority = "kiro.kiroAgent"
+
+	// KiroAuthPath is the path for successful authentication
+	KiroAuthPath = "/authenticate-success"
+
+	// KiroRedirectURI is the full redirect URI for social auth
+	KiroRedirectURI = "kiro://kiro.kiroAgent/authenticate-success"
+
+	// DefaultHandlerPort is the default port for the local callback server
+	DefaultHandlerPort = 19876
+
+	// HandlerTimeout is how long to wait for the OAuth callback
+	HandlerTimeout = 10 * time.Minute
+)
+
+// ProtocolHandler manages the custom kiro:// protocol handler for OAuth callbacks.
+type ProtocolHandler struct {
+	port       int
+	server     *http.Server
+	listener   net.Listener
+	resultChan chan *AuthCallback
+	stopChan   chan struct{}
+	mu         sync.Mutex
+	running    bool
+}
+
+// AuthCallback contains the OAuth callback parameters.
+type AuthCallback struct {
+	Code  string
+	State string
+	Error string
+}
+
+// NewProtocolHandler creates a new protocol handler.
+func NewProtocolHandler() *ProtocolHandler {
+	return &ProtocolHandler{
+		port:       DefaultHandlerPort,
+		resultChan: make(chan *AuthCallback, 1),
+		stopChan:   make(chan struct{}),
+	}
+}
+
+// Start starts the local callback server that receives redirects from the protocol handler.
+func (h *ProtocolHandler) Start(ctx context.Context) (int, error) {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if h.running {
+		return h.port, nil
+	}
+
+	// Drain any stale results from previous runs
+	select {
+	case <-h.resultChan:
+	default:
+	}
+
+	// Reset stopChan for reuse - close old channel first to unblock any waiting goroutines
+	if h.stopChan != nil {
+		select {
+		case <-h.stopChan:
+			// Already closed
+		default:
+			close(h.stopChan)
+		}
+	}
+	h.stopChan = make(chan struct{})
+
+	// Try ports in known range (must match handler script port range)
+	var listener net.Listener
+	var err error
+	portRange := []int{DefaultHandlerPort, DefaultHandlerPort + 1, DefaultHandlerPort + 2, DefaultHandlerPort + 3, DefaultHandlerPort + 4}
+	
+	for _, port := range portRange {
+		listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("127.0.0.1:%d", port))
+		if err == nil {
+			break
+		}
+		log.Debugf("kiro protocol handler: port %d busy, trying next", port)
+	}
+	
+	if listener == nil {
+		return 0, fmt.Errorf("failed to start callback server: all ports %d-%d are busy", DefaultHandlerPort, DefaultHandlerPort+4)
+	}
+
+	h.listener = listener
+	h.port = listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/oauth/callback", h.handleCallback)
+
+	h.server = &http.Server{
+		Handler:           mux,
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := h.server.Serve(listener); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			log.Debugf("kiro protocol handler server error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	h.running = true
+	log.Debugf("kiro protocol handler started on port %d", h.port)
+
+	// Auto-shutdown after context done, timeout, or explicit stop
+	// Capture references to prevent race with new Start() calls
+	currentStopChan := h.stopChan
+	currentServer := h.server
+	currentListener := h.listener
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case <-time.After(HandlerTimeout):
+		case <-currentStopChan:
+			return // Already stopped, exit goroutine
+		}
+		// Only stop if this is still the current server/listener instance
+		h.mu.Lock()
+		if h.server == currentServer && h.listener == currentListener {
+			h.mu.Unlock()
+			h.Stop()
+		} else {
+			h.mu.Unlock()
+		}
+	}()
+
+	return h.port, nil
+}
+
+// Stop stops the callback server.
+func (h *ProtocolHandler) Stop() {
+	h.mu.Lock()
+	defer h.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !h.running {
+		return
+	}
+
+	// Signal the auto-shutdown goroutine to exit.
+	// This select pattern is safe because stopChan is only modified while holding h.mu,
+	// and we hold the lock here. The select prevents panic from double-close.
+	select {
+	case <-h.stopChan:
+		// Already closed
+	default:
+		close(h.stopChan)
+	}
+
+	if h.server != nil {
+		ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 5*time.Second)
+		defer cancel()
+		_ = h.server.Shutdown(ctx)
+	}
+
+	h.running = false
+	log.Debug("kiro protocol handler stopped")
+}
+
+// WaitForCallback waits for the OAuth callback and returns the result.
+func (h *ProtocolHandler) WaitForCallback(ctx context.Context) (*AuthCallback, error) {
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	case <-time.After(HandlerTimeout):
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("timeout waiting for OAuth callback")
+	case result := <-h.resultChan:
+		return result, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// GetPort returns the port the handler is listening on.
+func (h *ProtocolHandler) GetPort() int {
+	return h.port
+}
+
+// handleCallback processes the OAuth callback from the protocol handler script.
+func (h *ProtocolHandler) handleCallback(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+	code := r.URL.Query().Get("code")
+	state := r.URL.Query().Get("state")
+	errParam := r.URL.Query().Get("error")
+
+	result := &AuthCallback{
+		Code:  code,
+		State: state,
+		Error: errParam,
+	}
+
+	// Send result
+	select {
+	case h.resultChan <- result:
+	default:
+		// Channel full, ignore duplicate callbacks
+	}
+
+	// Send success response
+	w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+	if errParam != "" {
+		w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+		fmt.Fprintf(w, `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head><title>Login Failed</title></head>
+<body>
+<h1>Login Failed</h1>
+<p>Error: %s</p>
+<p>You can close this window.</p>
+</body>
+</html>`, html.EscapeString(errParam))
+	} else {
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html>
+<head><title>Login Successful</title></head>
+<body>
+<h1>Login Successful!</h1>
+<p>You can close this window and return to the terminal.</p>
+<script>window.close();</script>
+</body>
+</html>`)
+	}
+}
+
+// IsProtocolHandlerInstalled checks if the kiro:// protocol handler is installed.
+func IsProtocolHandlerInstalled() bool {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "linux":
+		return isLinuxHandlerInstalled()
+	case "windows":
+		return isWindowsHandlerInstalled()
+	case "darwin":
+		return isDarwinHandlerInstalled()
+	default:
+		return false
+	}
+}
+
+// InstallProtocolHandler installs the kiro:// protocol handler for the current platform.
+func InstallProtocolHandler(handlerPort int) error {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "linux":
+		return installLinuxHandler(handlerPort)
+	case "windows":
+		return installWindowsHandler(handlerPort)
+	case "darwin":
+		return installDarwinHandler(handlerPort)
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported platform: %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	}
+}
+
+// UninstallProtocolHandler removes the kiro:// protocol handler.
+func UninstallProtocolHandler() error {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "linux":
+		return uninstallLinuxHandler()
+	case "windows":
+		return uninstallWindowsHandler()
+	case "darwin":
+		return uninstallDarwinHandler()
+	default:
+		return fmt.Errorf("unsupported platform: %s", runtime.GOOS)
+	}
+}
+
+// --- Linux Implementation ---
+
+func getLinuxDesktopPath() string {
+	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	return filepath.Join(homeDir, ".local", "share", "applications", "kiro-oauth-handler.desktop")
+}
+
+func getLinuxHandlerScriptPath() string {
+	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	return filepath.Join(homeDir, ".local", "bin", "kiro-oauth-handler")
+}
+
+func isLinuxHandlerInstalled() bool {
+	desktopPath := getLinuxDesktopPath()
+	_, err := os.Stat(desktopPath)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func installLinuxHandler(handlerPort int) error {
+	// Create directories
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	binDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".local", "bin")
+	appDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".local", "share", "applications")
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(binDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create bin directory: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(appDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create applications directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create handler script - tries multiple ports to handle dynamic port allocation
+	scriptPath := getLinuxHandlerScriptPath()
+	scriptContent := fmt.Sprintf(`#!/bin/bash
+# Kiro OAuth Protocol Handler
+# Handles kiro:// URIs - tries CLI first, then forwards to Kiro IDE
+
+URL="$1"
+
+# Check curl availability
+if ! command -v curl &> /dev/null; then
+    echo "Error: curl is required for Kiro OAuth handler" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Extract code and state from URL
+[[ "$URL" =~ code=([^&]+) ]] && CODE="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+[[ "$URL" =~ state=([^&]+) ]] && STATE="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+[[ "$URL" =~ error=([^&]+) ]] && ERROR="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+
+# Try CLI proxy on multiple possible ports (default + dynamic range)
+CLI_OK=0
+for PORT in %d %d %d %d %d; do
+    if [ -n "$ERROR" ]; then
+        curl -sf --connect-timeout 1 "http://127.0.0.1:$PORT/oauth/callback?error=$ERROR" && CLI_OK=1 && break
+    elif [ -n "$CODE" ] && [ -n "$STATE" ]; then
+        curl -sf --connect-timeout 1 "http://127.0.0.1:$PORT/oauth/callback?code=$CODE&state=$STATE" && CLI_OK=1 && break
+    fi
+done
+
+# If CLI not available, forward to Kiro IDE
+if [ $CLI_OK -eq 0 ] && [ -x "/usr/share/kiro/kiro" ]; then
+    /usr/share/kiro/kiro --open-url "$URL" &
+fi
+`, handlerPort, handlerPort+1, handlerPort+2, handlerPort+3, handlerPort+4)
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(scriptPath, []byte(scriptContent), 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write handler script: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create .desktop file
+	desktopPath := getLinuxDesktopPath()
+	desktopContent := fmt.Sprintf(`[Desktop Entry]
+Name=Kiro OAuth Handler
+Comment=Handle kiro:// protocol for CLI Proxy API authentication
+Exec=%s %%u
+Type=Application
+Terminal=false
+NoDisplay=true
+MimeType=x-scheme-handler/kiro;
+Categories=Utility;
+`, scriptPath)
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(desktopPath, []byte(desktopContent), 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write desktop file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Register handler with xdg-mime
+	cmd := exec.Command("xdg-mime", "default", "kiro-oauth-handler.desktop", "x-scheme-handler/kiro")
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("xdg-mime registration failed (may need manual setup): %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Update desktop database
+	cmd = exec.Command("update-desktop-database", appDir)
+	_ = cmd.Run() // Ignore errors, not critical
+
+	log.Info("Kiro protocol handler installed for Linux")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func uninstallLinuxHandler() error {
+	desktopPath := getLinuxDesktopPath()
+	scriptPath := getLinuxHandlerScriptPath()
+
+	if err := os.Remove(desktopPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove desktop file: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Remove(scriptPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove handler script: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Kiro protocol handler uninstalled")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// --- Windows Implementation ---
+
+func isWindowsHandlerInstalled() bool {
+	// Check registry key existence
+	cmd := exec.Command("reg", "query", `HKCU\Software\Classes\kiro`, "/ve")
+	return cmd.Run() == nil
+}
+
+func installWindowsHandler(handlerPort int) error {
+	homeDir, err := os.UserHomeDir()
+	if err != nil {
+		return err
+	}
+
+	// Create handler script (PowerShell)
+	scriptDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".cliproxyapi")
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(scriptDir, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create script directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	scriptPath := filepath.Join(scriptDir, "kiro-oauth-handler.ps1")
+	scriptContent := fmt.Sprintf(`# Kiro OAuth Protocol Handler for Windows
+param([string]$url)
+
+# Load required assembly for HttpUtility
+Add-Type -AssemblyName System.Web
+
+# Parse URL parameters
+$uri = [System.Uri]$url
+$query = [System.Web.HttpUtility]::ParseQueryString($uri.Query)
+$code = $query["code"]
+$state = $query["state"]
+$errorParam = $query["error"]
+
+# Try multiple ports (default + dynamic range)
+$ports = @(%d, %d, %d, %d, %d)
+$success = $false
+
+foreach ($port in $ports) {
+    if ($success) { break }
+    $callbackUrl = "http://127.0.0.1:$port/oauth/callback"
+    try {
+        if ($errorParam) {
+            $fullUrl = $callbackUrl + "?error=" + $errorParam
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $fullUrl -UseBasicParsing -TimeoutSec 1 -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
+            $success = $true
+        } elseif ($code -and $state) {
+            $fullUrl = $callbackUrl + "?code=" + $code + "&state=" + $state
+            Invoke-WebRequest -Uri $fullUrl -UseBasicParsing -TimeoutSec 1 -ErrorAction Stop | Out-Null
+            $success = $true
+        }
+    } catch {
+        # Try next port
+    }
+}
+`, handlerPort, handlerPort+1, handlerPort+2, handlerPort+3, handlerPort+4)
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(scriptPath, []byte(scriptContent), 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write handler script: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create batch wrapper
+	batchPath := filepath.Join(scriptDir, "kiro-oauth-handler.bat")
+	batchContent := fmt.Sprintf("@echo off\npowershell -ExecutionPolicy Bypass -File \"%s\" %%1\n", scriptPath)
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(batchPath, []byte(batchContent), 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write batch wrapper: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Register in Windows registry
+	commands := [][]string{
+		{"reg", "add", `HKCU\Software\Classes\kiro`, "/ve", "/d", "URL:Kiro Protocol", "/f"},
+		{"reg", "add", `HKCU\Software\Classes\kiro`, "/v", "URL Protocol", "/d", "", "/f"},
+		{"reg", "add", `HKCU\Software\Classes\kiro\shell`, "/f"},
+		{"reg", "add", `HKCU\Software\Classes\kiro\shell\open`, "/f"},
+		{"reg", "add", `HKCU\Software\Classes\kiro\shell\open\command`, "/ve", "/d", fmt.Sprintf("\"%s\" \"%%1\"", batchPath), "/f"},
+	}
+
+	for _, args := range commands {
+		cmd := exec.Command(args[0], args[1:]...)
+		if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+			return fmt.Errorf("failed to run registry command: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Kiro protocol handler installed for Windows")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func uninstallWindowsHandler() error {
+	// Remove registry keys
+	cmd := exec.Command("reg", "delete", `HKCU\Software\Classes\kiro`, "/f")
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("failed to remove registry key: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Remove scripts
+	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	scriptDir := filepath.Join(homeDir, ".cliproxyapi")
+	_ = os.Remove(filepath.Join(scriptDir, "kiro-oauth-handler.ps1"))
+	_ = os.Remove(filepath.Join(scriptDir, "kiro-oauth-handler.bat"))
+
+	log.Info("Kiro protocol handler uninstalled")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// --- macOS Implementation ---
+
+func getDarwinAppPath() string {
+	homeDir, _ := os.UserHomeDir()
+	return filepath.Join(homeDir, "Applications", "KiroOAuthHandler.app")
+}
+
+func isDarwinHandlerInstalled() bool {
+	appPath := getDarwinAppPath()
+	_, err := os.Stat(appPath)
+	return err == nil
+}
+
+func installDarwinHandler(handlerPort int) error {
+	// Create app bundle structure
+	appPath := getDarwinAppPath()
+	contentsPath := filepath.Join(appPath, "Contents")
+	macOSPath := filepath.Join(contentsPath, "MacOS")
+
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(macOSPath, 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create app bundle: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create Info.plist
+	plistPath := filepath.Join(contentsPath, "Info.plist")
+	plistContent := `<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
+<!DOCTYPE plist PUBLIC "-//Apple//DTD PLIST 1.0//EN" "http://www.apple.com/DTDs/PropertyList-1.0.dtd">
+<plist version="1.0">
+<dict>
+    <key>CFBundleIdentifier</key>
+    <string>com.cliproxyapi.kiro-oauth-handler</string>
+    <key>CFBundleName</key>
+    <string>KiroOAuthHandler</string>
+    <key>CFBundleExecutable</key>
+    <string>kiro-oauth-handler</string>
+    <key>CFBundleVersion</key>
+    <string>1.0</string>
+    <key>CFBundleURLTypes</key>
+    <array>
+        <dict>
+            <key>CFBundleURLName</key>
+            <string>Kiro Protocol</string>
+            <key>CFBundleURLSchemes</key>
+            <array>
+                <string>kiro</string>
+            </array>
+        </dict>
+    </array>
+    <key>LSBackgroundOnly</key>
+    <true/>
+</dict>
+</plist>`
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(plistPath, []byte(plistContent), 0644); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write Info.plist: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Create executable script - tries multiple ports to handle dynamic port allocation
+	execPath := filepath.Join(macOSPath, "kiro-oauth-handler")
+	execContent := fmt.Sprintf(`#!/bin/bash
+# Kiro OAuth Protocol Handler for macOS
+
+URL="$1"
+
+# Check curl availability (should always exist on macOS)
+if [ ! -x /usr/bin/curl ]; then
+    echo "Error: curl is required for Kiro OAuth handler" >&2
+    exit 1
+fi
+
+# Extract code and state from URL
+[[ "$URL" =~ code=([^&]+) ]] && CODE="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+[[ "$URL" =~ state=([^&]+) ]] && STATE="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+[[ "$URL" =~ error=([^&]+) ]] && ERROR="${BASH_REMATCH[1]}"
+
+# Try multiple ports (default + dynamic range)
+for PORT in %d %d %d %d %d; do
+    if [ -n "$ERROR" ]; then
+        /usr/bin/curl -sf --connect-timeout 1 "http://127.0.0.1:$PORT/oauth/callback?error=$ERROR" && exit 0
+    elif [ -n "$CODE" ] && [ -n "$STATE" ]; then
+        /usr/bin/curl -sf --connect-timeout 1 "http://127.0.0.1:$PORT/oauth/callback?code=$CODE&state=$STATE" && exit 0
+    fi
+done
+`, handlerPort, handlerPort+1, handlerPort+2, handlerPort+3, handlerPort+4)
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(execPath, []byte(execContent), 0755); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write executable: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Register the app with Launch Services
+	cmd := exec.Command("/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Frameworks/LaunchServices.framework/Support/lsregister",
+		"-f", appPath)
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("lsregister failed (handler may still work): %v", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Kiro protocol handler installed for macOS")
+	return nil
+}
+
+func uninstallDarwinHandler() error {
+	appPath := getDarwinAppPath()
+
+	// Unregister from Launch Services
+	cmd := exec.Command("/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreServices.framework/Frameworks/LaunchServices.framework/Support/lsregister",
+		"-u", appPath)
+	_ = cmd.Run()
+
+	// Remove app bundle
+	if err := os.RemoveAll(appPath); err != nil && !os.IsNotExist(err) {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to remove app bundle: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Info("Kiro protocol handler uninstalled")
+	return nil
+}
+
+// ParseKiroURI parses a kiro:// URI and extracts the callback parameters.
+func ParseKiroURI(rawURI string) (*AuthCallback, error) {
+	u, err := url.Parse(rawURI)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid URI: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if u.Scheme != KiroProtocol {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid scheme: expected %s, got %s", KiroProtocol, u.Scheme)
+	}
+
+	if u.Host != KiroAuthority {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("invalid authority: expected %s, got %s", KiroAuthority, u.Host)
+	}
+
+	query := u.Query()
+	return &AuthCallback{
+		Code:  query.Get("code"),
+		State: query.Get("state"),
+		Error: query.Get("error"),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// GetHandlerInstructions returns platform-specific instructions for manual handler setup.
+func GetHandlerInstructions() string {
+	switch runtime.GOOS {
+	case "linux":
+		return `To manually set up the Kiro protocol handler on Linux:
+
+1. Create ~/.local/share/applications/kiro-oauth-handler.desktop:
+   [Desktop Entry]
+   Name=Kiro OAuth Handler
+   Exec=~/.local/bin/kiro-oauth-handler %u
+   Type=Application
+   Terminal=false
+   MimeType=x-scheme-handler/kiro;
+
+2. Create ~/.local/bin/kiro-oauth-handler (make it executable):
+   #!/bin/bash
+   URL="$1"
+   # ... (see generated script for full content)
+
+3. Run: xdg-mime default kiro-oauth-handler.desktop x-scheme-handler/kiro`
+
+	case "windows":
+		return `To manually set up the Kiro protocol handler on Windows:
+
+1. Open Registry Editor (regedit.exe)
+2. Create key: HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\Classes\kiro
+3. Set default value to: URL:Kiro Protocol
+4. Create string value "URL Protocol" with empty data
+5. Create subkey: shell\open\command
+6. Set default value to: "C:\path\to\handler.bat" "%1"`
+
+	case "darwin":
+		return `To manually set up the Kiro protocol handler on macOS:
+
+1. Create ~/Applications/KiroOAuthHandler.app bundle
+2. Add Info.plist with CFBundleURLTypes containing "kiro" scheme
+3. Create executable in Contents/MacOS/
+4. Run: /System/Library/.../lsregister -f ~/Applications/KiroOAuthHandler.app`
+
+	default:
+		return "Protocol handler setup is not supported on this platform."
+	}
+}
+
+// SetupProtocolHandlerIfNeeded checks and installs the protocol handler if needed.
+func SetupProtocolHandlerIfNeeded(handlerPort int) error {
+	if IsProtocolHandlerInstalled() {
+		log.Debug("Kiro protocol handler already installed")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("\n╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗")
+	fmt.Println("║       Kiro Protocol Handler Setup Required                 ║")
+	fmt.Println("╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝")
+	fmt.Println("\nTo enable Google/GitHub login, we need to install a protocol handler.")
+	fmt.Println("This allows your browser to redirect back to the CLI after authentication.")
+	fmt.Println("\nInstalling protocol handler...")
+
+	if err := InstallProtocolHandler(handlerPort); err != nil {
+		fmt.Printf("\n⚠ Automatic installation failed: %v\n", err)
+		fmt.Println("\nManual setup instructions:")
+		fmt.Println(strings.Repeat("-", 60))
+		fmt.Println(GetHandlerInstructions())
+		return err
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("\n✓ Protocol handler installed successfully!")
+	return nil
+}

internal/auth/kiro/rate_limiter.go

@@ -0,0 +1,316 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"math"
+	"math/rand"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+)
+
+const (
+	DefaultMinTokenInterval  = 1 * time.Second
+	DefaultMaxTokenInterval  = 2 * time.Second
+	DefaultDailyMaxRequests  = 500
+	DefaultJitterPercent     = 0.3
+	DefaultBackoffBase       = 30 * time.Second
+	DefaultBackoffMax        = 5 * time.Minute
+	DefaultBackoffMultiplier = 1.5
+	DefaultSuspendCooldown   = 1 * time.Hour
+)
+
+// TokenState Token 状态
+type TokenState struct {
+	LastRequest    time.Time
+	RequestCount   int
+	CooldownEnd    time.Time
+	FailCount      int
+	DailyRequests  int
+	DailyResetTime time.Time
+	IsSuspended    bool
+	SuspendedAt    time.Time
+	SuspendReason  string
+}
+
+// RateLimiter 频率限制器
+type RateLimiter struct {
+	mu                sync.RWMutex
+	states            map[string]*TokenState
+	minTokenInterval  time.Duration
+	maxTokenInterval  time.Duration
+	dailyMaxRequests  int
+	jitterPercent     float64
+	backoffBase       time.Duration
+	backoffMax        time.Duration
+	backoffMultiplier float64
+	suspendCooldown   time.Duration
+	rng               *rand.Rand
+}
+
+// NewRateLimiter 创建默认配置的频率限制器
+func NewRateLimiter() *RateLimiter {
+	return &RateLimiter{
+		states:            make(map[string]*TokenState),
+		minTokenInterval:  DefaultMinTokenInterval,
+		maxTokenInterval:  DefaultMaxTokenInterval,
+		dailyMaxRequests:  DefaultDailyMaxRequests,
+		jitterPercent:     DefaultJitterPercent,
+		backoffBase:       DefaultBackoffBase,
+		backoffMax:        DefaultBackoffMax,
+		backoffMultiplier: DefaultBackoffMultiplier,
+		suspendCooldown:   DefaultSuspendCooldown,
+		rng:               rand.New(rand.NewSource(time.Now().UnixNano())),
+	}
+}
+
+// RateLimiterConfig 频率限制器配置
+type RateLimiterConfig struct {
+	MinTokenInterval  time.Duration
+	MaxTokenInterval  time.Duration
+	DailyMaxRequests  int
+	JitterPercent     float64
+	BackoffBase       time.Duration
+	BackoffMax        time.Duration
+	BackoffMultiplier float64
+	SuspendCooldown   time.Duration
+}
+
+// NewRateLimiterWithConfig 使用自定义配置创建频率限制器
+func NewRateLimiterWithConfig(cfg RateLimiterConfig) *RateLimiter {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	if cfg.MinTokenInterval > 0 {
+		rl.minTokenInterval = cfg.MinTokenInterval
+	}
+	if cfg.MaxTokenInterval > 0 {
+		rl.maxTokenInterval = cfg.MaxTokenInterval
+	}
+	if cfg.DailyMaxRequests > 0 {
+		rl.dailyMaxRequests = cfg.DailyMaxRequests
+	}
+	if cfg.JitterPercent > 0 {
+		rl.jitterPercent = cfg.JitterPercent
+	}
+	if cfg.BackoffBase > 0 {
+		rl.backoffBase = cfg.BackoffBase
+	}
+	if cfg.BackoffMax > 0 {
+		rl.backoffMax = cfg.BackoffMax
+	}
+	if cfg.BackoffMultiplier > 0 {
+		rl.backoffMultiplier = cfg.BackoffMultiplier
+	}
+	if cfg.SuspendCooldown > 0 {
+		rl.suspendCooldown = cfg.SuspendCooldown
+	}
+	return rl
+}
+
+// getOrCreateState 获取或创建 Token 状态
+func (rl *RateLimiter) getOrCreateState(tokenKey string) *TokenState {
+	state, exists := rl.states[tokenKey]
+	if !exists {
+		state = &TokenState{
+			DailyResetTime: time.Now().Truncate(24 * time.Hour).Add(24 * time.Hour),
+		}
+		rl.states[tokenKey] = state
+	}
+	return state
+}
+
+// resetDailyIfNeeded 如果需要则重置每日计数
+func (rl *RateLimiter) resetDailyIfNeeded(state *TokenState) {
+	now := time.Now()
+	if now.After(state.DailyResetTime) {
+		state.DailyRequests = 0
+		state.DailyResetTime = now.Truncate(24 * time.Hour).Add(24 * time.Hour)
+	}
+}
+
+// calculateInterval 计算带抖动的随机间隔
+func (rl *RateLimiter) calculateInterval() time.Duration {
+	baseInterval := rl.minTokenInterval + time.Duration(rl.rng.Int63n(int64(rl.maxTokenInterval-rl.minTokenInterval)))
+	jitter := time.Duration(float64(baseInterval) * rl.jitterPercent * (rl.rng.Float64()*2 - 1))
+	return baseInterval + jitter
+}
+
+// WaitForToken 等待 Token 可用（带抖动的随机间隔）
+func (rl *RateLimiter) WaitForToken(tokenKey string) {
+	rl.mu.Lock()
+	state := rl.getOrCreateState(tokenKey)
+	rl.resetDailyIfNeeded(state)
+
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	// 检查是否在冷却期
+	if now.Before(state.CooldownEnd) {
+		waitTime := state.CooldownEnd.Sub(now)
+		rl.mu.Unlock()
+		time.Sleep(waitTime)
+		rl.mu.Lock()
+		state = rl.getOrCreateState(tokenKey)
+		now = time.Now()
+	}
+
+	// 计算距离上次请求的间隔
+	interval := rl.calculateInterval()
+	nextAllowedTime := state.LastRequest.Add(interval)
+
+	if now.Before(nextAllowedTime) {
+		waitTime := nextAllowedTime.Sub(now)
+		rl.mu.Unlock()
+		time.Sleep(waitTime)
+		rl.mu.Lock()
+		state = rl.getOrCreateState(tokenKey)
+	}
+
+	state.LastRequest = time.Now()
+	state.RequestCount++
+	state.DailyRequests++
+	rl.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// MarkTokenFailed 标记 Token 失败
+func (rl *RateLimiter) MarkTokenFailed(tokenKey string) {
+	rl.mu.Lock()
+	defer rl.mu.Unlock()
+
+	state := rl.getOrCreateState(tokenKey)
+	state.FailCount++
+	state.CooldownEnd = time.Now().Add(rl.calculateBackoff(state.FailCount))
+}
+
+// MarkTokenSuccess 标记 Token 成功
+func (rl *RateLimiter) MarkTokenSuccess(tokenKey string) {
+	rl.mu.Lock()
+	defer rl.mu.Unlock()
+
+	state := rl.getOrCreateState(tokenKey)
+	state.FailCount = 0
+	state.CooldownEnd = time.Time{}
+}
+
+// CheckAndMarkSuspended 检测暂停错误并标记
+func (rl *RateLimiter) CheckAndMarkSuspended(tokenKey string, errorMsg string) bool {
+	suspendKeywords := []string{
+		"suspended",
+		"banned",
+		"disabled",
+		"account has been",
+		"access denied",
+		"rate limit exceeded",
+		"too many requests",
+		"quota exceeded",
+	}
+
+	lowerMsg := strings.ToLower(errorMsg)
+	for _, keyword := range suspendKeywords {
+		if strings.Contains(lowerMsg, keyword) {
+			rl.mu.Lock()
+			defer rl.mu.Unlock()
+
+			state := rl.getOrCreateState(tokenKey)
+			state.IsSuspended = true
+			state.SuspendedAt = time.Now()
+			state.SuspendReason = errorMsg
+			state.CooldownEnd = time.Now().Add(rl.suspendCooldown)
+			return true
+		}
+	}
+	return false
+}
+
+// IsTokenAvailable 检查 Token 是否可用
+func (rl *RateLimiter) IsTokenAvailable(tokenKey string) bool {
+	rl.mu.RLock()
+	defer rl.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	state, exists := rl.states[tokenKey]
+	if !exists {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	now := time.Now()
+
+	// 检查是否被暂停
+	if state.IsSuspended {
+		if now.After(state.SuspendedAt.Add(rl.suspendCooldown)) {
+			return true
+		}
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// 检查是否在冷却期
+	if now.Before(state.CooldownEnd) {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	// 检查每日请求限制
+	rl.mu.RUnlock()
+	rl.mu.Lock()
+	rl.resetDailyIfNeeded(state)
+	dailyRequests := state.DailyRequests
+	dailyMax := rl.dailyMaxRequests
+	rl.mu.Unlock()
+	rl.mu.RLock()
+
+	if dailyRequests >= dailyMax {
+		return false
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// calculateBackoff 计算指数退避时间
+func (rl *RateLimiter) calculateBackoff(failCount int) time.Duration {
+	if failCount <= 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	backoff := float64(rl.backoffBase) * math.Pow(rl.backoffMultiplier, float64(failCount-1))
+
+	// 添加抖动
+	jitter := backoff * rl.jitterPercent * (rl.rng.Float64()*2 - 1)
+	backoff += jitter
+
+	if time.Duration(backoff) > rl.backoffMax {
+		return rl.backoffMax
+	}
+	return time.Duration(backoff)
+}
+
+// GetTokenState 获取 Token 状态（只读）
+func (rl *RateLimiter) GetTokenState(tokenKey string) *TokenState {
+	rl.mu.RLock()
+	defer rl.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	state, exists := rl.states[tokenKey]
+	if !exists {
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	// 返回副本以防止外部修改
+	stateCopy := *state
+	return &stateCopy
+}
+
+// ClearTokenState 清除 Token 状态
+func (rl *RateLimiter) ClearTokenState(tokenKey string) {
+	rl.mu.Lock()
+	defer rl.mu.Unlock()
+	delete(rl.states, tokenKey)
+}
+
+// ResetSuspension 重置暂停状态
+func (rl *RateLimiter) ResetSuspension(tokenKey string) {
+	rl.mu.Lock()
+	defer rl.mu.Unlock()
+
+	state, exists := rl.states[tokenKey]
+	if exists {
+		state.IsSuspended = false
+		state.SuspendedAt = time.Time{}
+		state.SuspendReason = ""
+		state.CooldownEnd = time.Time{}
+		state.FailCount = 0
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/rate_limiter_singleton.go

@@ -0,0 +1,46 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+var (
+	globalRateLimiter     *RateLimiter
+	globalRateLimiterOnce sync.Once
+
+	globalCooldownManager     *CooldownManager
+	globalCooldownManagerOnce sync.Once
+	cooldownStopCh            chan struct{}
+)
+
+// GetGlobalRateLimiter returns the singleton RateLimiter instance.
+func GetGlobalRateLimiter() *RateLimiter {
+	globalRateLimiterOnce.Do(func() {
+		globalRateLimiter = NewRateLimiter()
+		log.Info("kiro: global RateLimiter initialized")
+	})
+	return globalRateLimiter
+}
+
+// GetGlobalCooldownManager returns the singleton CooldownManager instance.
+func GetGlobalCooldownManager() *CooldownManager {
+	globalCooldownManagerOnce.Do(func() {
+		globalCooldownManager = NewCooldownManager()
+		cooldownStopCh = make(chan struct{})
+		go globalCooldownManager.StartCleanupRoutine(5*time.Minute, cooldownStopCh)
+		log.Info("kiro: global CooldownManager initialized with cleanup routine")
+	})
+	return globalCooldownManager
+}
+
+// ShutdownRateLimiters stops the cooldown cleanup routine.
+// Should be called during application shutdown.
+func ShutdownRateLimiters() {
+	if cooldownStopCh != nil {
+		close(cooldownStopCh)
+		log.Info("kiro: rate limiter cleanup routine stopped")
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/rate_limiter_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,304 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"sync"
+	"testing"
+	"time"
+)
+
+func TestNewRateLimiter(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	if rl == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil RateLimiter")
+	}
+	if rl.states == nil {
+		t.Error("expected non-nil states map")
+	}
+	if rl.minTokenInterval != DefaultMinTokenInterval {
+		t.Errorf("expected minTokenInterval %v, got %v", DefaultMinTokenInterval, rl.minTokenInterval)
+	}
+	if rl.maxTokenInterval != DefaultMaxTokenInterval {
+		t.Errorf("expected maxTokenInterval %v, got %v", DefaultMaxTokenInterval, rl.maxTokenInterval)
+	}
+	if rl.dailyMaxRequests != DefaultDailyMaxRequests {
+		t.Errorf("expected dailyMaxRequests %d, got %d", DefaultDailyMaxRequests, rl.dailyMaxRequests)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewRateLimiterWithConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := RateLimiterConfig{
+		MinTokenInterval:  5 * time.Second,
+		MaxTokenInterval:  15 * time.Second,
+		DailyMaxRequests:  100,
+		JitterPercent:     0.2,
+		BackoffBase:       1 * time.Minute,
+		BackoffMax:        30 * time.Minute,
+		BackoffMultiplier: 1.5,
+		SuspendCooldown:   12 * time.Hour,
+	}
+
+	rl := NewRateLimiterWithConfig(cfg)
+	if rl.minTokenInterval != 5*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("expected minTokenInterval 5s, got %v", rl.minTokenInterval)
+	}
+	if rl.maxTokenInterval != 15*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("expected maxTokenInterval 15s, got %v", rl.maxTokenInterval)
+	}
+	if rl.dailyMaxRequests != 100 {
+		t.Errorf("expected dailyMaxRequests 100, got %d", rl.dailyMaxRequests)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestNewRateLimiterWithConfig_PartialConfig(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := RateLimiterConfig{
+		MinTokenInterval: 5 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	rl := NewRateLimiterWithConfig(cfg)
+	if rl.minTokenInterval != 5*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("expected minTokenInterval 5s, got %v", rl.minTokenInterval)
+	}
+	if rl.maxTokenInterval != DefaultMaxTokenInterval {
+		t.Errorf("expected default maxTokenInterval, got %v", rl.maxTokenInterval)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetTokenState_NonExistent(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	state := rl.GetTokenState("nonexistent")
+	if state != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil state for non-existent token")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsTokenAvailable_NewToken(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	if !rl.IsTokenAvailable("newtoken") {
+		t.Error("expected new token to be available")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMarkTokenFailed(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	rl.MarkTokenFailed("token1")
+
+	state := rl.GetTokenState("token1")
+	if state == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil state")
+	}
+	if state.FailCount != 1 {
+		t.Errorf("expected FailCount 1, got %d", state.FailCount)
+	}
+	if state.CooldownEnd.IsZero() {
+		t.Error("expected non-zero CooldownEnd")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestMarkTokenSuccess(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	rl.MarkTokenFailed("token1")
+	rl.MarkTokenFailed("token1")
+	rl.MarkTokenSuccess("token1")
+
+	state := rl.GetTokenState("token1")
+	if state == nil {
+		t.Fatal("expected non-nil state")
+	}
+	if state.FailCount != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected FailCount 0, got %d", state.FailCount)
+	}
+	if !state.CooldownEnd.IsZero() {
+		t.Error("expected zero CooldownEnd after success")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckAndMarkSuspended_Suspended(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+
+	testCases := []string{
+		"Account has been suspended",
+		"You are banned from this service",
+		"Account disabled",
+		"Access denied permanently",
+		"Rate limit exceeded",
+		"Too many requests",
+		"Quota exceeded for today",
+	}
+
+	for i, msg := range testCases {
+		tokenKey := "token" + string(rune('a'+i))
+		if !rl.CheckAndMarkSuspended(tokenKey, msg) {
+			t.Errorf("expected suspension detected for: %s", msg)
+		}
+		state := rl.GetTokenState(tokenKey)
+		if !state.IsSuspended {
+			t.Errorf("expected IsSuspended true for: %s", msg)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCheckAndMarkSuspended_NotSuspended(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+
+	normalErrors := []string{
+		"connection timeout",
+		"internal server error",
+		"bad request",
+		"invalid token format",
+	}
+
+	for i, msg := range normalErrors {
+		tokenKey := "token" + string(rune('a'+i))
+		if rl.CheckAndMarkSuspended(tokenKey, msg) {
+			t.Errorf("unexpected suspension for: %s", msg)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+func TestIsTokenAvailable_Suspended(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	rl.CheckAndMarkSuspended("token1", "Account suspended")
+
+	if rl.IsTokenAvailable("token1") {
+		t.Error("expected suspended token to be unavailable")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestClearTokenState(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	rl.MarkTokenFailed("token1")
+	rl.ClearTokenState("token1")
+
+	state := rl.GetTokenState("token1")
+	if state != nil {
+		t.Error("expected nil state after clear")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResetSuspension(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	rl.CheckAndMarkSuspended("token1", "Account suspended")
+	rl.ResetSuspension("token1")
+
+	state := rl.GetTokenState("token1")
+	if state.IsSuspended {
+		t.Error("expected IsSuspended false after reset")
+	}
+	if state.FailCount != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected FailCount 0, got %d", state.FailCount)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestResetSuspension_NonExistent(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	rl.ResetSuspension("nonexistent")
+}
+
+func TestCalculateBackoff_ZeroFailCount(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	backoff := rl.calculateBackoff(0)
+	if backoff != 0 {
+		t.Errorf("expected 0 backoff for 0 fails, got %v", backoff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateBackoff_Exponential(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := RateLimiterConfig{
+		BackoffBase:       1 * time.Minute,
+		BackoffMax:        60 * time.Minute,
+		BackoffMultiplier: 2.0,
+		JitterPercent:     0.3,
+	}
+	rl := NewRateLimiterWithConfig(cfg)
+
+	backoff1 := rl.calculateBackoff(1)
+	if backoff1 < 40*time.Second || backoff1 > 80*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("expected ~1min (with jitter) for fail 1, got %v", backoff1)
+	}
+
+	backoff2 := rl.calculateBackoff(2)
+	if backoff2 < 80*time.Second || backoff2 > 160*time.Second {
+		t.Errorf("expected ~2min (with jitter) for fail 2, got %v", backoff2)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestCalculateBackoff_MaxCap(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := RateLimiterConfig{
+		BackoffBase:       1 * time.Minute,
+		BackoffMax:        10 * time.Minute,
+		BackoffMultiplier: 2.0,
+		JitterPercent:     0,
+	}
+	rl := NewRateLimiterWithConfig(cfg)
+
+	backoff := rl.calculateBackoff(10)
+	if backoff > 10*time.Minute {
+		t.Errorf("expected backoff capped at 10min, got %v", backoff)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestGetTokenState_ReturnsCopy(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	rl.MarkTokenFailed("token1")
+
+	state1 := rl.GetTokenState("token1")
+	state1.FailCount = 999
+
+	state2 := rl.GetTokenState("token1")
+	if state2.FailCount == 999 {
+		t.Error("GetTokenState should return a copy")
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRateLimiter_ConcurrentAccess(t *testing.T) {
+	rl := NewRateLimiter()
+	const numGoroutines = 50
+	const numOperations = 50
+
+	var wg sync.WaitGroup
+	wg.Add(numGoroutines)
+
+	for i := 0; i < numGoroutines; i++ {
+		go func(id int) {
+			defer wg.Done()
+			tokenKey := "token" + string(rune('a'+id%10))
+			for j := 0; j < numOperations; j++ {
+				switch j % 6 {
+				case 0:
+					rl.IsTokenAvailable(tokenKey)
+				case 1:
+					rl.MarkTokenFailed(tokenKey)
+				case 2:
+					rl.MarkTokenSuccess(tokenKey)
+				case 3:
+					rl.GetTokenState(tokenKey)
+				case 4:
+					rl.CheckAndMarkSuspended(tokenKey, "test error")
+				case 5:
+					rl.ResetSuspension(tokenKey)
+				}
+			}
+		}(i)
+	}
+
+	wg.Wait()
+}
+
+func TestCalculateInterval_WithinRange(t *testing.T) {
+	cfg := RateLimiterConfig{
+		MinTokenInterval: 10 * time.Second,
+		MaxTokenInterval: 30 * time.Second,
+		JitterPercent:    0.3,
+	}
+	rl := NewRateLimiterWithConfig(cfg)
+
+	minAllowed := 7 * time.Second
+	maxAllowed := 40 * time.Second
+
+	for i := 0; i < 100; i++ {
+		interval := rl.calculateInterval()
+		if interval < minAllowed || interval > maxAllowed {
+			t.Errorf("interval %v outside expected range [%v, %v]", interval, minAllowed, maxAllowed)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/refresh_manager.go

@@ -0,0 +1,202 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// RefreshManager is a singleton manager for background token refreshing.
+type RefreshManager struct {
+	mu               sync.Mutex
+	refresher        *BackgroundRefresher
+	ctx              context.Context
+	cancel           context.CancelFunc
+	started          bool
+	onTokenRefreshed func(tokenID string, tokenData *KiroTokenData)
+}
+
+var (
+	globalRefreshManager *RefreshManager
+	managerOnce          sync.Once
+)
+
+// GetRefreshManager returns the global RefreshManager singleton.
+func GetRefreshManager() *RefreshManager {
+	managerOnce.Do(func() {
+		globalRefreshManager = &RefreshManager{}
+	})
+	return globalRefreshManager
+}
+
+// Initialize sets up the background refresher.
+func (m *RefreshManager) Initialize(baseDir string, cfg *config.Config) error {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if m.started {
+		log.Debug("refresh manager: already initialized")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	if baseDir == "" {
+		log.Warn("refresh manager: base directory not provided, skipping initialization")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	resolvedBaseDir, err := util.ResolveAuthDir(baseDir)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("refresh manager: failed to resolve auth directory %s: %v", baseDir, err)
+	}
+	if resolvedBaseDir != "" {
+		baseDir = resolvedBaseDir
+	}
+
+	repo := NewFileTokenRepository(baseDir)
+
+	opts := []RefresherOption{
+		WithInterval(time.Minute),
+		WithBatchSize(50),
+		WithConcurrency(10),
+		WithConfig(cfg),
+	}
+
+	// Pass callback to BackgroundRefresher if already set
+	if m.onTokenRefreshed != nil {
+		opts = append(opts, WithOnTokenRefreshed(m.onTokenRefreshed))
+	}
+
+	m.refresher = NewBackgroundRefresher(repo, opts...)
+
+	log.Infof("refresh manager: initialized with base directory %s", baseDir)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// Start begins background token refreshing.
+func (m *RefreshManager) Start() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if m.started {
+		log.Debug("refresh manager: already started")
+		return
+	}
+
+	if m.refresher == nil {
+		log.Warn("refresh manager: not initialized, cannot start")
+		return
+	}
+
+	m.ctx, m.cancel = context.WithCancel(context.Background())
+	m.refresher.Start(m.ctx)
+	m.started = true
+
+	log.Info("refresh manager: background refresh started")
+}
+
+// Stop halts background token refreshing.
+func (m *RefreshManager) Stop() {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if !m.started {
+		return
+	}
+
+	if m.cancel != nil {
+		m.cancel()
+	}
+
+	if m.refresher != nil {
+		m.refresher.Stop()
+	}
+
+	m.started = false
+	log.Info("refresh manager: background refresh stopped")
+}
+
+// IsRunning reports whether background refreshing is active.
+func (m *RefreshManager) IsRunning() bool {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+	return m.started
+}
+
+// UpdateBaseDir changes the token directory at runtime.
+func (m *RefreshManager) UpdateBaseDir(baseDir string) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	if m.refresher != nil && m.refresher.tokenRepo != nil {
+		if repo, ok := m.refresher.tokenRepo.(*FileTokenRepository); ok {
+			repo.SetBaseDir(baseDir)
+			log.Infof("refresh manager: updated base directory to %s", baseDir)
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+// SetOnTokenRefreshed registers a callback invoked after a successful token refresh.
+// Can be called at any time; supports runtime callback updates.
+func (m *RefreshManager) SetOnTokenRefreshed(callback func(tokenID string, tokenData *KiroTokenData)) {
+	m.mu.Lock()
+	defer m.mu.Unlock()
+
+	m.onTokenRefreshed = callback
+
+	// Update the refresher's callback in a thread-safe manner if already created
+	if m.refresher != nil {
+		m.refresher.callbackMu.Lock()
+		m.refresher.onTokenRefreshed = callback
+		m.refresher.callbackMu.Unlock()
+	}
+
+	log.Debug("refresh manager: token refresh callback registered")
+}
+
+// InitializeAndStart initializes and starts background refreshing (convenience method).
+func InitializeAndStart(baseDir string, cfg *config.Config) {
+	// Initialize global fingerprint config
+	initGlobalFingerprintConfig(cfg)
+
+	manager := GetRefreshManager()
+	if err := manager.Initialize(baseDir, cfg); err != nil {
+		log.Errorf("refresh manager: initialization failed: %v", err)
+		return
+	}
+	manager.Start()
+}
+
+// initGlobalFingerprintConfig loads fingerprint settings from application config.
+func initGlobalFingerprintConfig(cfg *config.Config) {
+	if cfg == nil || cfg.KiroFingerprint == nil {
+		return
+	}
+	fpCfg := cfg.KiroFingerprint
+	SetGlobalFingerprintConfig(&FingerprintConfig{
+		OIDCSDKVersion:      fpCfg.OIDCSDKVersion,
+		RuntimeSDKVersion:   fpCfg.RuntimeSDKVersion,
+		StreamingSDKVersion: fpCfg.StreamingSDKVersion,
+		OSType:              fpCfg.OSType,
+		OSVersion:           fpCfg.OSVersion,
+		NodeVersion:         fpCfg.NodeVersion,
+		KiroVersion:         fpCfg.KiroVersion,
+		KiroHash:            fpCfg.KiroHash,
+	})
+	log.Debug("kiro: global fingerprint config loaded")
+}
+
+// InitFingerprintConfig initializes the global fingerprint config from application config.
+func InitFingerprintConfig(cfg *config.Config) {
+	initGlobalFingerprintConfig(cfg)
+}
+
+// StopGlobalRefreshManager stops the global refresh manager.
+func StopGlobalRefreshManager() {
+	if globalRefreshManager != nil {
+		globalRefreshManager.Stop()
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/refresh_utils.go

@@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
+// Package kiro provides refresh utilities for Kiro token management.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"fmt"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// RefreshResult contains the result of a token refresh attempt.
+type RefreshResult struct {
+	TokenData    *KiroTokenData
+	Error        error
+	UsedFallback bool // True if we used the existing token as fallback
+}
+
+// RefreshWithGracefulDegradation attempts to refresh a token with graceful degradation.
+// If refresh fails but the existing access token is still valid, it returns the existing token.
+// This matches kiro-openai-gateway's behavior for better reliability.
+//
+// Parameters:
+//   - ctx: Context for the request
+//   - refreshFunc: Function to perform the actual refresh
+//   - existingAccessToken: Current access token (for fallback)
+//   - expiresAt: Expiration time of the existing token
+//
+// Returns:
+//   - RefreshResult containing the new or existing token data
+func RefreshWithGracefulDegradation(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	refreshFunc func(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error),
+	existingAccessToken string,
+	expiresAt time.Time,
+) RefreshResult {
+	// Try to refresh the token
+	newTokenData, err := refreshFunc(ctx)
+	if err == nil {
+		return RefreshResult{
+			TokenData:    newTokenData,
+			Error:        nil,
+			UsedFallback: false,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Refresh failed - check if we can use the existing token
+	log.Warnf("kiro: token refresh failed: %v", err)
+
+	// Check if existing token is still valid (not expired)
+	if existingAccessToken != "" && time.Now().Before(expiresAt) {
+		remainingTime := time.Until(expiresAt)
+		log.Warnf("kiro: using existing access token (expires in %v). Will retry refresh later.", remainingTime.Round(time.Second))
+
+		return RefreshResult{
+			TokenData: &KiroTokenData{
+				AccessToken: existingAccessToken,
+				ExpiresAt:   expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+			},
+			Error:        nil,
+			UsedFallback: true,
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Token is expired and refresh failed - return the error
+	return RefreshResult{
+		TokenData:    nil,
+		Error:        fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed and existing token is expired: %w", err),
+		UsedFallback: false,
+	}
+}
+
+// IsTokenExpiringSoon checks if a token is expiring within the given threshold.
+// Default threshold is 5 minutes if not specified.
+func IsTokenExpiringSoon(expiresAt time.Time, threshold time.Duration) bool {
+	if threshold == 0 {
+		threshold = 5 * time.Minute
+	}
+	return time.Now().Add(threshold).After(expiresAt)
+}
+
+// IsTokenExpired checks if a token has already expired.
+func IsTokenExpired(expiresAt time.Time) bool {
+	return time.Now().After(expiresAt)
+}
+
+// ParseExpiresAt parses an expiration time string in RFC3339 format.
+// Returns zero time if parsing fails.
+func ParseExpiresAt(expiresAtStr string) time.Time {
+	if expiresAtStr == "" {
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, expiresAtStr)
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Debugf("kiro: failed to parse expiresAt '%s': %v", expiresAtStr, err)
+		return time.Time{}
+	}
+	return t
+}
+
+// RefreshConfig contains configuration for token refresh behavior.
+type RefreshConfig struct {
+	// MaxRetries is the maximum number of refresh attempts (default: 1)
+	MaxRetries int
+	// RetryDelay is the delay between retry attempts (default: 1 second)
+	RetryDelay time.Duration
+	// RefreshThreshold is how early to refresh before expiration (default: 5 minutes)
+	RefreshThreshold time.Duration
+	// EnableGracefulDegradation allows using existing token if refresh fails (default: true)
+	EnableGracefulDegradation bool
+}
+
+// DefaultRefreshConfig returns the default refresh configuration.
+func DefaultRefreshConfig() RefreshConfig {
+	return RefreshConfig{
+		MaxRetries:                1,
+		RetryDelay:                time.Second,
+		RefreshThreshold:          5 * time.Minute,
+		EnableGracefulDegradation: true,
+	}
+}
+
+// RefreshWithRetry attempts to refresh a token with retry logic.
+func RefreshWithRetry(
+	ctx context.Context,
+	refreshFunc func(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error),
+	config RefreshConfig,
+) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	var lastErr error
+
+	maxAttempts := config.MaxRetries + 1
+	if maxAttempts < 1 {
+		maxAttempts = 1
+	}
+
+	for attempt := 1; attempt <= maxAttempts; attempt++ {
+		tokenData, err := refreshFunc(ctx)
+		if err == nil {
+			if attempt > 1 {
+				log.Infof("kiro: token refresh succeeded on attempt %d", attempt)
+			}
+			return tokenData, nil
+		}
+
+		lastErr = err
+		log.Warnf("kiro: token refresh attempt %d/%d failed: %v", attempt, maxAttempts, err)
+
+		// Don't sleep after the last attempt
+		if attempt < maxAttempts {
+			select {
+			case <-ctx.Done():
+				return nil, ctx.Err()
+			case <-time.After(config.RetryDelay):
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed after %d attempts: %w", maxAttempts, lastErr)
+}

internal/auth/kiro/social_auth.go

@@ -0,0 +1,488 @@
+// Package kiro provides social authentication (Google/GitHub) for Kiro via AuthServiceClient.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"bufio"
+	"context"
+	"crypto/rand"
+	"crypto/sha256"
+	"encoding/base64"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"html"
+	"io"
+	"net"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/url"
+	"os"
+	"os/exec"
+	"runtime"
+	"strings"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/browser"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+	"golang.org/x/term"
+)
+
+const (
+	// Kiro AuthService endpoint
+	kiroAuthServiceEndpoint = "https://prod.us-east-1.auth.desktop.kiro.dev"
+
+	// OAuth timeout
+	socialAuthTimeout = 10 * time.Minute
+
+	// Default callback port for social auth HTTP server
+	socialAuthCallbackPort = 9876
+)
+
+// SocialProvider represents the social login provider.
+type SocialProvider string
+
+const (
+	// ProviderGoogle is Google OAuth provider
+	ProviderGoogle SocialProvider = "Google"
+	// ProviderGitHub is GitHub OAuth provider
+	ProviderGitHub SocialProvider = "Github"
+	// Note: AWS Builder ID is NOT supported by Kiro's auth service.
+	// It only supports: Google, Github, Cognito
+	// AWS Builder ID must use device code flow via SSO OIDC.
+)
+
+// CreateTokenRequest is sent to Kiro's /oauth/token endpoint.
+type CreateTokenRequest struct {
+	Code           string `json:"code"`
+	CodeVerifier   string `json:"code_verifier"`
+	RedirectURI    string `json:"redirect_uri"`
+	InvitationCode string `json:"invitation_code,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// SocialTokenResponse from Kiro's /oauth/token endpoint for social auth.
+type SocialTokenResponse struct {
+	AccessToken  string `json:"accessToken"`
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refreshToken"`
+	ProfileArn   string `json:"profileArn"`
+	ExpiresIn    int    `json:"expiresIn"`
+}
+
+// RefreshTokenRequest is sent to Kiro's /refreshToken endpoint.
+type RefreshTokenRequest struct {
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refreshToken"`
+}
+
+// WebCallbackResult contains the OAuth callback result from HTTP server.
+type WebCallbackResult struct {
+	Code  string
+	State string
+	Error string
+}
+
+// SocialAuthClient handles social authentication with Kiro.
+type SocialAuthClient struct {
+	httpClient      *http.Client
+	cfg             *config.Config
+	protocolHandler *ProtocolHandler
+	machineID       string
+	kiroVersion     string
+}
+
+// NewSocialAuthClient creates a new social auth client.
+func NewSocialAuthClient(cfg *config.Config) *SocialAuthClient {
+	client := &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}
+	if cfg != nil {
+		client = util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, client)
+	}
+	fp := GlobalFingerprintManager().GetFingerprint("login")
+	return &SocialAuthClient{
+		httpClient:      client,
+		cfg:             cfg,
+		protocolHandler: NewProtocolHandler(),
+		machineID:       fp.KiroHash,
+		kiroVersion:     fp.KiroVersion,
+	}
+}
+
+// startWebCallbackServer starts a local HTTP server to receive the OAuth callback.
+// This is used instead of the kiro:// protocol handler to avoid redirect_mismatch errors.
+func (c *SocialAuthClient) startWebCallbackServer(ctx context.Context, expectedState string) (string, <-chan WebCallbackResult, error) {
+	// Try to find an available port - use localhost like Kiro does
+	listener, err := net.Listen("tcp", fmt.Sprintf("localhost:%d", socialAuthCallbackPort))
+	if err != nil {
+		// Try with dynamic port (RFC 8252 allows dynamic ports for native apps)
+		log.Warnf("kiro social auth: default port %d is busy, falling back to dynamic port", socialAuthCallbackPort)
+		listener, err = net.Listen("tcp", "localhost:0")
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start callback server: %w", err)
+		}
+	}
+
+	port := listener.Addr().(*net.TCPAddr).Port
+	// Use http scheme for local callback server
+	redirectURI := fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%d/oauth/callback", port)
+	resultChan := make(chan WebCallbackResult, 1)
+
+	server := &http.Server{
+		ReadHeaderTimeout: 10 * time.Second,
+	}
+
+	mux := http.NewServeMux()
+	mux.HandleFunc("/oauth/callback", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		code := r.URL.Query().Get("code")
+		state := r.URL.Query().Get("state")
+		errParam := r.URL.Query().Get("error")
+
+		if errParam != "" {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			fmt.Fprintf(w, `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html><head><title>Login Failed</title></head>
+<body><h1>Login Failed</h1><p>%s</p><p>You can close this window.</p></body></html>`, html.EscapeString(errParam))
+			resultChan <- WebCallbackResult{Error: errParam}
+			return
+		}
+
+		if state != expectedState {
+			w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+			w.WriteHeader(http.StatusBadRequest)
+			fmt.Fprint(w, `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html><head><title>Login Failed</title></head>
+<body><h1>Login Failed</h1><p>Invalid state parameter</p><p>You can close this window.</p></body></html>`)
+			resultChan <- WebCallbackResult{Error: "state mismatch"}
+			return
+		}
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/html; charset=utf-8")
+		fmt.Fprint(w, `<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html><head><title>Login Successful</title></head>
+<body><h1>Login Successful!</h1><p>You can close this window and return to the terminal.</p>
+<script>window.close();</script></body></html>`)
+		resultChan <- WebCallbackResult{Code: code, State: state}
+	})
+
+	server.Handler = mux
+
+	go func() {
+		if err := server.Serve(listener); err != nil && err != http.ErrServerClosed {
+			log.Debugf("kiro social auth callback server error: %v", err)
+		}
+	}()
+
+	go func() {
+		select {
+		case <-ctx.Done():
+		case <-time.After(socialAuthTimeout):
+		case <-resultChan:
+		}
+		_ = server.Shutdown(context.Background())
+	}()
+
+	return redirectURI, resultChan, nil
+}
+
+// generatePKCE generates PKCE code verifier and challenge.
+func generatePKCE() (verifier, challenge string, err error) {
+	// Generate 32 bytes of random data for verifier
+	b := make([]byte, 32)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		return "", "", fmt.Errorf("failed to generate random bytes: %w", err)
+	}
+	verifier = base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b)
+
+	// Generate SHA256 hash of verifier for challenge
+	h := sha256.Sum256([]byte(verifier))
+	challenge = base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(h[:])
+
+	return verifier, challenge, nil
+}
+
+// generateState generates a random state parameter.
+func generateStateParam() (string, error) {
+	b := make([]byte, 16)
+	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
+		return "", err
+	}
+	return base64.RawURLEncoding.EncodeToString(b), nil
+}
+
+// buildLoginURL constructs the Kiro OAuth login URL.
+// The login endpoint expects a GET request with query parameters.
+// Format: /login?idp=Google&redirect_uri=...&code_challenge=...&code_challenge_method=S256&state=...&prompt=select_account
+// The prompt=select_account parameter forces the account selection screen even if already logged in.
+func (c *SocialAuthClient) buildLoginURL(provider, redirectURI, codeChallenge, state string) string {
+	return fmt.Sprintf("%s/login?idp=%s&redirect_uri=%s&code_challenge=%s&code_challenge_method=S256&state=%s&prompt=select_account",
+		kiroAuthServiceEndpoint,
+		provider,
+		url.QueryEscape(redirectURI),
+		codeChallenge,
+		state,
+	)
+}
+
+// CreateToken exchanges the authorization code for tokens.
+func (c *SocialAuthClient) CreateToken(ctx context.Context, req *CreateTokenRequest) (*SocialTokenResponse, error) {
+	body, err := json.Marshal(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal token request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	tokenURL := kiroAuthServiceEndpoint + "/oauth/token"
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, tokenURL, strings.NewReader(string(body)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create token request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("KiroIDE-%s-%s", c.kiroVersion, c.machineID))
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read token response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		log.Debugf("token exchange failed (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token exchange failed (status %d)", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var tokenResp SocialTokenResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &tokenResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &tokenResp, nil
+}
+
+// RefreshSocialToken refreshes an expired social auth token.
+func (c *SocialAuthClient) RefreshSocialToken(ctx context.Context, refreshToken string) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	body, err := json.Marshal(&RefreshTokenRequest{RefreshToken: refreshToken})
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal refresh request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	refreshURL := kiroAuthServiceEndpoint + "/refreshToken"
+	httpReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, refreshURL, strings.NewReader(string(body)))
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create refresh request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+	httpReq.Header.Set("User-Agent", fmt.Sprintf("KiroIDE-%s-%s", c.kiroVersion, c.machineID))
+	httpReq.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json, text/plain, */*")
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(httpReq)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("refresh request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	respBody, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read refresh response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		log.Debugf("token refresh failed (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody))
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token refresh failed (status %d)", resp.StatusCode)
+	}
+
+	var tokenResp SocialTokenResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(respBody, &tokenResp); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse refresh response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Validate ExpiresIn - use default 1 hour if invalid
+	expiresIn := tokenResp.ExpiresIn
+	if expiresIn <= 0 {
+		expiresIn = 3600 // Default 1 hour
+	}
+	expiresAt := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expiresIn) * time.Second)
+
+	return &KiroTokenData{
+		AccessToken:  tokenResp.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken: tokenResp.RefreshToken,
+		ProfileArn:   tokenResp.ProfileArn,
+		ExpiresAt:    expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+		AuthMethod:   "social",
+		Provider:     "", // Caller should preserve original provider
+		Region:       "us-east-1",
+	}, nil
+}
+
+// LoginWithSocial performs OAuth login with Google or GitHub.
+// Uses local HTTP callback server instead of custom protocol handler to avoid redirect_mismatch errors.
+func (c *SocialAuthClient) LoginWithSocial(ctx context.Context, provider SocialProvider) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	providerName := string(provider)
+
+	fmt.Println("\n╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗")
+	fmt.Printf("║         Kiro Authentication (%s)                    ║\n", providerName)
+	fmt.Println("╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝")
+
+	// Step 1: Start local HTTP callback server (instead of kiro:// protocol handler)
+	// This avoids redirect_mismatch errors with AWS Cognito
+	fmt.Println("\nSetting up authentication...")
+
+	// Step 2: Generate PKCE codes
+	codeVerifier, codeChallenge, err := generatePKCE()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate PKCE: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Step 3: Generate state
+	state, err := generateStateParam()
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to generate state: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// Step 4: Start local HTTP callback server
+	redirectURI, resultChan, err := c.startWebCallbackServer(ctx, state)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to start callback server: %w", err)
+	}
+	log.Debugf("kiro social auth: callback server started at %s", redirectURI)
+
+	// Step 5: Build the login URL using HTTP redirect URI
+	authURL := c.buildLoginURL(providerName, redirectURI, codeChallenge, state)
+
+	// Set incognito mode based on config (defaults to true for Kiro, can be overridden with --no-incognito)
+	// Incognito mode enables multi-account support by bypassing cached sessions
+	if c.cfg != nil {
+		browser.SetIncognitoMode(c.cfg.IncognitoBrowser)
+		if !c.cfg.IncognitoBrowser {
+			log.Info("kiro: using normal browser mode (--no-incognito). Note: You may not be able to select a different account.")
+		} else {
+			log.Debug("kiro: using incognito mode for multi-account support")
+		}
+	} else {
+		browser.SetIncognitoMode(true) // Default to incognito if no config
+		log.Debug("kiro: using incognito mode for multi-account support (default)")
+	}
+
+	// Step 6: Open browser for user authentication
+	fmt.Println("\n════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════")
+	fmt.Printf("  Opening browser for %s authentication...\n", providerName)
+	fmt.Println("════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════")
+	fmt.Printf("\n  URL: %s\n\n", authURL)
+
+	if err := browser.OpenURL(authURL); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Could not open browser automatically: %v", err)
+		fmt.Println("  ⚠ Could not open browser automatically.")
+		fmt.Println("  Please open the URL above in your browser manually.")
+	} else {
+		fmt.Println("  (Browser opened automatically)")
+	}
+
+	fmt.Println("\n  Waiting for authentication callback...")
+
+	// Step 7: Wait for callback from HTTP server
+	select {
+	case <-ctx.Done():
+		return nil, ctx.Err()
+	case <-time.After(socialAuthTimeout):
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("authentication timed out")
+	case callback := <-resultChan:
+		if callback.Error != "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("authentication error: %s", callback.Error)
+		}
+
+		// State is already validated by the callback server
+		if callback.Code == "" {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("no authorization code received")
+		}
+
+		fmt.Println("\n✓ Authorization received!")
+
+		// Step 8: Exchange code for tokens
+		fmt.Println("Exchanging code for tokens...")
+
+		tokenReq := &CreateTokenRequest{
+			Code:         callback.Code,
+			CodeVerifier: codeVerifier,
+			RedirectURI:  redirectURI, // Use HTTP redirect URI, not kiro:// protocol
+		}
+
+		tokenResp, err := c.CreateToken(ctx, tokenReq)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to exchange code for tokens: %w", err)
+		}
+
+		fmt.Println("\n✓ Authentication successful!")
+
+		// Close the browser window
+		if err := browser.CloseBrowser(); err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("Failed to close browser: %v", err)
+		}
+
+		// Validate ExpiresIn - use default 1 hour if invalid
+		expiresIn := tokenResp.ExpiresIn
+		if expiresIn <= 0 {
+			expiresIn = 3600
+		}
+		expiresAt := time.Now().Add(time.Duration(expiresIn) * time.Second)
+
+		// Try to extract email from JWT access token first
+		email := ExtractEmailFromJWT(tokenResp.AccessToken)
+
+		// If no email in JWT, ask user for account label (only in interactive mode)
+		if email == "" && isInteractiveTerminal() {
+			fmt.Print("\n  Enter account label for file naming (optional, press Enter to skip): ")
+			reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin)
+			var err error
+			email, err = reader.ReadString('\n')
+			if err != nil {
+				log.Debugf("Failed to read account label: %v", err)
+			}
+			email = strings.TrimSpace(email)
+		}
+
+		return &KiroTokenData{
+			AccessToken:  tokenResp.AccessToken,
+			RefreshToken: tokenResp.RefreshToken,
+			ProfileArn:   tokenResp.ProfileArn,
+			ExpiresAt:    expiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339),
+			AuthMethod:   "social",
+			Provider:     providerName,
+			Email:        email, // JWT email or user-provided label
+			Region:       "us-east-1",
+		}, nil
+	}
+}
+
+// LoginWithGoogle performs OAuth login with Google.
+func (c *SocialAuthClient) LoginWithGoogle(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	return c.LoginWithSocial(ctx, ProviderGoogle)
+}
+
+// LoginWithGitHub performs OAuth login with GitHub.
+func (c *SocialAuthClient) LoginWithGitHub(ctx context.Context) (*KiroTokenData, error) {
+	return c.LoginWithSocial(ctx, ProviderGitHub)
+}
+
+// forceDefaultProtocolHandler sets our protocol handler as the default for kiro:// URLs.
+// This prevents the "Open with" dialog from appearing on Linux.
+// On non-Linux platforms, this is a no-op as they use different mechanisms.
+func forceDefaultProtocolHandler() {
+	if runtime.GOOS != "linux" {
+		return // Non-Linux platforms use different handler mechanisms
+	}
+
+	// Set our handler as default using xdg-mime
+	cmd := exec.Command("xdg-mime", "default", "kiro-oauth-handler.desktop", "x-scheme-handler/kiro")
+	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("Failed to set default protocol handler: %v. You may see a handler selection dialog.", err)
+	}
+}
+
+// isInteractiveTerminal checks if stdin is connected to an interactive terminal.
+// Returns false in CI/automated environments or when stdin is piped.
+func isInteractiveTerminal() bool {
+	return term.IsTerminal(int(os.Stdin.Fd()))
+}

internal/auth/kiro/sso_oidc_test.go

@@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
+	"strings"
+	"testing"
+)
+
+type recordingRoundTripper struct {
+	lastReq *http.Request
+}
+
+func (rt *recordingRoundTripper) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	rt.lastReq = req
+	body := `{"nextToken":null,"profiles":[{"arn":"arn:aws:codewhisperer:us-east-1:123456789012:profile/ABC","profileName":"test"}]}`
+	return &http.Response{
+		StatusCode: http.StatusOK,
+		Body:       io.NopCloser(strings.NewReader(body)),
+		Header:     make(http.Header),
+	}, nil
+}
+
+func TestTryListAvailableProfiles_UsesClientIDForAccountKey(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &recordingRoundTripper{}
+	client := &SSOOIDCClient{
+		httpClient: &http.Client{Transport: rt},
+	}
+
+	profileArn := client.tryListAvailableProfiles(context.Background(), "access-token", "client-id-123", "refresh-token-456")
+	if profileArn == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected profileArn, got empty result")
+	}
+
+	accountKey := GetAccountKey("client-id-123", "refresh-token-456")
+	fp := GlobalFingerprintManager().GetFingerprint(accountKey)
+	expected := fmt.Sprintf("aws-sdk-js/%s KiroIDE-%s-%s", fp.RuntimeSDKVersion, fp.KiroVersion, fp.KiroHash)
+	got := rt.lastReq.Header.Get("X-Amz-User-Agent")
+	if got != expected {
+		t.Errorf("X-Amz-User-Agent = %q, want %q", got, expected)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestTryListAvailableProfiles_UsesRefreshTokenWhenClientIDMissing(t *testing.T) {
+	rt := &recordingRoundTripper{}
+	client := &SSOOIDCClient{
+		httpClient: &http.Client{Transport: rt},
+	}
+
+	profileArn := client.tryListAvailableProfiles(context.Background(), "access-token", "", "refresh-token-789")
+	if profileArn == "" {
+		t.Fatal("expected profileArn, got empty result")
+	}
+
+	accountKey := GetAccountKey("", "refresh-token-789")
+	fp := GlobalFingerprintManager().GetFingerprint(accountKey)
+	expected := fmt.Sprintf("aws-sdk-js/%s KiroIDE-%s-%s", fp.RuntimeSDKVersion, fp.KiroVersion, fp.KiroHash)
+	got := rt.lastReq.Header.Get("X-Amz-User-Agent")
+	if got != expected {
+		t.Errorf("X-Amz-User-Agent = %q, want %q", got, expected)
+	}
+}
+
+func TestRegisterClientForAuthCodeWithIDC(t *testing.T) {
+	var capturedReq struct {
+		Method  string
+		Path    string
+		Headers http.Header
+		Body    map[string]interface{}
+	}
+
+	mockResp := RegisterClientResponse{
+		ClientID:              "test-client-id",
+		ClientSecret:          "test-client-secret",
+		ClientIDIssuedAt:      1700000000,
+		ClientSecretExpiresAt: 1700086400,
+	}
+
+	ts := httptest.NewServer(http.HandlerFunc(func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
+		capturedReq.Method = r.Method
+		capturedReq.Path = r.URL.Path
+		capturedReq.Headers = r.Header.Clone()
+
+		bodyBytes, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
+		json.Unmarshal(bodyBytes, &capturedReq.Body)
+
+		w.Header().Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
+		json.NewEncoder(w).Encode(mockResp)
+	}))
+	defer ts.Close()
+
+	// Extract host to build a region that resolves to our test server.
+	// Override getOIDCEndpoint by passing region="" and patching the endpoint.
+	// Since getOIDCEndpoint builds "https://oidc.{region}.amazonaws.com", we
+	// instead inject the test server URL directly via a custom HTTP client transport.
+	client := &SSOOIDCClient{
+		httpClient: ts.Client(),
+	}
+
+	// We need to route the request to our test server. Use a transport that rewrites the URL.
+	client.httpClient.Transport = &rewriteTransport{
+		base:      ts.Client().Transport,
+		targetURL: ts.URL,
+	}
+
+	resp, err := client.RegisterClientForAuthCodeWithIDC(
+		context.Background(),
+		"http://127.0.0.1:19877/oauth/callback",
+		"https://my-idc-instance.awsapps.com/start",
+		"us-east-1",
+	)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// Verify request method and path
+	if capturedReq.Method != http.MethodPost {
+		t.Errorf("method = %q, want POST", capturedReq.Method)
+	}
+	if capturedReq.Path != "/client/register" {
+		t.Errorf("path = %q, want /client/register", capturedReq.Path)
+	}
+
+	// Verify headers
+	if ct := capturedReq.Headers.Get("Content-Type"); ct != "application/json" {
+		t.Errorf("Content-Type = %q, want application/json", ct)
+	}
+	ua := capturedReq.Headers.Get("User-Agent")
+	if !strings.Contains(ua, "KiroIDE") {
+		t.Errorf("User-Agent %q does not contain KiroIDE", ua)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(ua, "sso-oidc") {
+		t.Errorf("User-Agent %q does not contain sso-oidc", ua)
+	}
+	xua := capturedReq.Headers.Get("X-Amz-User-Agent")
+	if !strings.Contains(xua, "KiroIDE") {
+		t.Errorf("x-amz-user-agent %q does not contain KiroIDE", xua)
+	}
+
+	// Verify body fields
+	if v, _ := capturedReq.Body["clientName"].(string); v != "Kiro IDE" {
+		t.Errorf("clientName = %q, want %q", v, "Kiro IDE")
+	}
+	if v, _ := capturedReq.Body["clientType"].(string); v != "public" {
+		t.Errorf("clientType = %q, want %q", v, "public")
+	}
+	if v, _ := capturedReq.Body["issuerUrl"].(string); v != "https://my-idc-instance.awsapps.com/start" {
+		t.Errorf("issuerUrl = %q, want %q", v, "https://my-idc-instance.awsapps.com/start")
+	}
+
+	// Verify scopes array
+	scopesRaw, ok := capturedReq.Body["scopes"].([]interface{})
+	if !ok || len(scopesRaw) != 5 {
+		t.Fatalf("scopes: got %v, want 5-element array", capturedReq.Body["scopes"])
+	}
+	expectedScopes := []string{
+		"codewhisperer:completions", "codewhisperer:analysis",
+		"codewhisperer:conversations", "codewhisperer:transformations",
+		"codewhisperer:taskassist",
+	}
+	for i, s := range expectedScopes {
+		if scopesRaw[i].(string) != s {
+			t.Errorf("scopes[%d] = %q, want %q", i, scopesRaw[i], s)
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Verify grantTypes
+	grantTypesRaw, ok := capturedReq.Body["grantTypes"].([]interface{})
+	if !ok || len(grantTypesRaw) != 2 {
+		t.Fatalf("grantTypes: got %v, want 2-element array", capturedReq.Body["grantTypes"])
+	}
+	if grantTypesRaw[0].(string) != "authorization_code" || grantTypesRaw[1].(string) != "refresh_token" {
+		t.Errorf("grantTypes = %v, want [authorization_code, refresh_token]", grantTypesRaw)
+	}
+
+	// Verify redirectUris
+	redirectRaw, ok := capturedReq.Body["redirectUris"].([]interface{})
+	if !ok || len(redirectRaw) != 1 {
+		t.Fatalf("redirectUris: got %v, want 1-element array", capturedReq.Body["redirectUris"])
+	}
+	if redirectRaw[0].(string) != "http://127.0.0.1:19877/oauth/callback" {
+		t.Errorf("redirectUris[0] = %q, want %q", redirectRaw[0], "http://127.0.0.1:19877/oauth/callback")
+	}
+
+	// Verify response parsing
+	if resp.ClientID != "test-client-id" {
+		t.Errorf("ClientID = %q, want %q", resp.ClientID, "test-client-id")
+	}
+	if resp.ClientSecret != "test-client-secret" {
+		t.Errorf("ClientSecret = %q, want %q", resp.ClientSecret, "test-client-secret")
+	}
+	if resp.ClientIDIssuedAt != 1700000000 {
+		t.Errorf("ClientIDIssuedAt = %d, want %d", resp.ClientIDIssuedAt, 1700000000)
+	}
+	if resp.ClientSecretExpiresAt != 1700086400 {
+		t.Errorf("ClientSecretExpiresAt = %d, want %d", resp.ClientSecretExpiresAt, 1700086400)
+	}
+}
+
+// rewriteTransport redirects all requests to the test server URL.
+type rewriteTransport struct {
+	base      http.RoundTripper
+	targetURL string
+}
+
+func (t *rewriteTransport) RoundTrip(req *http.Request) (*http.Response, error) {
+	target, _ := url.Parse(t.targetURL)
+	req.URL.Scheme = target.Scheme
+	req.URL.Host = target.Host
+	if t.base != nil {
+		return t.base.RoundTrip(req)
+	}
+	return http.DefaultTransport.RoundTrip(req)
+}
+
+func TestBuildAuthorizationURL(t *testing.T) {
+	scopes := "codewhisperer:completions,codewhisperer:analysis,codewhisperer:conversations,codewhisperer:transformations,codewhisperer:taskassist"
+	endpoint := "https://oidc.us-east-1.amazonaws.com"
+	redirectURI := "http://127.0.0.1:19877/oauth/callback"
+
+	authURL := buildAuthorizationURL(endpoint, "test-client-id", redirectURI, scopes, "random-state", "test-challenge")
+
+	// Verify colons and commas in scopes are percent-encoded
+	if !strings.Contains(authURL, "codewhisperer%3Acompletions") {
+		t.Errorf("expected colons in scopes to be percent-encoded, got: %s", authURL)
+	}
+	if !strings.Contains(authURL, "completions%2Ccodewhisperer") {
+		t.Errorf("expected commas in scopes to be percent-encoded, got: %s", authURL)
+	}
+
+	// Parse back and verify all parameters round-trip correctly
+	parsed, err := url.Parse(authURL)
+	if err != nil {
+		t.Fatalf("failed to parse auth URL: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	if !strings.HasPrefix(authURL, endpoint+"/authorize?") {
+		t.Errorf("expected URL to start with %s/authorize?, got: %s", endpoint, authURL)
+	}
+
+	q := parsed.Query()
+	checks := map[string]string{
+		"response_type":         "code",
+		"client_id":             "test-client-id",
+		"redirect_uri":          redirectURI,
+		"scopes":                scopes,
+		"state":                 "random-state",
+		"code_challenge":        "test-challenge",
+		"code_challenge_method": "S256",
+	}
+	for key, want := range checks {
+		if got := q.Get(key); got != want {
+			t.Errorf("%s = %q, want %q", key, got, want)
+		}
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/token.go

@@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+)
+
+// KiroTokenStorage holds the persistent token data for Kiro authentication.
+type KiroTokenStorage struct {
+	// Type is the provider type for management UI recognition (must be "kiro")
+	Type string `json:"type"`
+	// AccessToken is the OAuth2 access token for API access
+	AccessToken string `json:"access_token"`
+	// RefreshToken is used to obtain new access tokens
+	RefreshToken string `json:"refresh_token"`
+	// ProfileArn is the AWS CodeWhisperer profile ARN
+	ProfileArn string `json:"profile_arn"`
+	// ExpiresAt is the timestamp when the token expires
+	ExpiresAt string `json:"expires_at"`
+	// AuthMethod indicates the authentication method used
+	AuthMethod string `json:"auth_method"`
+	// Provider indicates the OAuth provider
+	Provider string `json:"provider"`
+	// LastRefresh is the timestamp of the last token refresh
+	LastRefresh string `json:"last_refresh"`
+	// ClientID is the OAuth client ID (required for token refresh)
+	ClientID string `json:"client_id,omitempty"`
+	// ClientSecret is the OAuth client secret (required for token refresh)
+	ClientSecret string `json:"client_secret,omitempty"`
+	// Region is the OIDC region for IDC login and token refresh
+	Region string `json:"region,omitempty"`
+	// StartURL is the AWS Identity Center start URL (for IDC auth)
+	StartURL string `json:"start_url,omitempty"`
+	// Email is the user's email address
+	Email string `json:"email,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// SaveTokenToFile persists the token storage to the specified file path.
+func (s *KiroTokenStorage) SaveTokenToFile(authFilePath string) error {
+	dir := filepath.Dir(authFilePath)
+	if err := os.MkdirAll(dir, 0700); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to create directory: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	data, err := json.MarshalIndent(s, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to marshal token storage: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if err := os.WriteFile(authFilePath, data, 0600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("failed to write token file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return nil
+}
+
+// LoadFromFile loads token storage from the specified file path.
+func LoadFromFile(authFilePath string) (*KiroTokenStorage, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(authFilePath)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read token file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	var storage KiroTokenStorage
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &storage); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse token file: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &storage, nil
+}
+
+// ToTokenData converts storage to KiroTokenData for API use.
+func (s *KiroTokenStorage) ToTokenData() *KiroTokenData {
+	return &KiroTokenData{
+		AccessToken:  s.AccessToken,
+		RefreshToken: s.RefreshToken,
+		ProfileArn:   s.ProfileArn,
+		ExpiresAt:    s.ExpiresAt,
+		AuthMethod:   s.AuthMethod,
+		Provider:     s.Provider,
+		ClientID:     s.ClientID,
+		ClientSecret: s.ClientSecret,
+		Region:       s.Region,
+		StartURL:     s.StartURL,
+		Email:        s.Email,
+	}
+}

internal/auth/kiro/token_repository.go

@@ -0,0 +1,260 @@
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io/fs"
+	"os"
+	"path/filepath"
+	"sort"
+	"strings"
+	"sync"
+	"time"
+
+	log "github.com/sirupsen/logrus"
+)
+
+// FileTokenRepository 实现 TokenRepository 接口，基于文件系统存储
+type FileTokenRepository struct {
+	mu      sync.RWMutex
+	baseDir string
+}
+
+// NewFileTokenRepository 创建一个新的文件 token 存储库
+func NewFileTokenRepository(baseDir string) *FileTokenRepository {
+	return &FileTokenRepository{
+		baseDir: baseDir,
+	}
+}
+
+// SetBaseDir 设置基础目录
+func (r *FileTokenRepository) SetBaseDir(dir string) {
+	r.mu.Lock()
+	r.baseDir = strings.TrimSpace(dir)
+	r.mu.Unlock()
+}
+
+// FindOldestUnverified 查找需要刷新的 token（按最后验证时间排序）
+func (r *FileTokenRepository) FindOldestUnverified(limit int) []*Token {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	baseDir := r.baseDir
+	r.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if baseDir == "" {
+		log.Debug("token repository: base directory not configured")
+		return nil
+	}
+
+	var tokens []*Token
+
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(baseDir, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, walkErr error) error {
+		if walkErr != nil {
+			return nil // 忽略错误，继续遍历
+		}
+		if d.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if !strings.HasSuffix(strings.ToLower(d.Name()), ".json") {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		// 只处理 kiro 相关的 token 文件
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(d.Name(), "kiro-") {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		token, err := r.readTokenFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			log.Debugf("token repository: failed to read token file %s: %v", path, err)
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		if token != nil && token.RefreshToken != "" {
+			// 检查 token 是否需要刷新（过期前 5 分钟）
+			if token.ExpiresAt.IsZero() || time.Until(token.ExpiresAt) < 5*time.Minute {
+				tokens = append(tokens, token)
+			}
+		}
+
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	if err != nil {
+		log.Warnf("token repository: error walking directory: %v", err)
+	}
+
+	// 按最后验证时间排序（最旧的优先）
+	sort.Slice(tokens, func(i, j int) bool {
+		return tokens[i].LastVerified.Before(tokens[j].LastVerified)
+	})
+
+	// 限制返回数量
+	if limit > 0 && len(tokens) > limit {
+		tokens = tokens[:limit]
+	}
+
+	return tokens
+}
+
+// UpdateToken 更新 token 并持久化到文件
+func (r *FileTokenRepository) UpdateToken(token *Token) error {
+	if token == nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("token repository: token is nil")
+	}
+
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	baseDir := r.baseDir
+	r.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if baseDir == "" {
+		return fmt.Errorf("token repository: base directory not configured")
+	}
+
+	// 构建文件路径
+	filePath := filepath.Join(baseDir, token.ID)
+	if !strings.HasSuffix(filePath, ".json") {
+		filePath += ".json"
+	}
+
+	// 读取现有文件内容
+	existingData := make(map[string]any)
+	if data, err := os.ReadFile(filePath); err == nil {
+		_ = json.Unmarshal(data, &existingData)
+	}
+
+	// 更新字段
+	existingData["access_token"] = token.AccessToken
+	existingData["refresh_token"] = token.RefreshToken
+	existingData["last_refresh"] = time.Now().Format(time.RFC3339)
+
+	if !token.ExpiresAt.IsZero() {
+		existingData["expires_at"] = token.ExpiresAt.Format(time.RFC3339)
+	}
+
+	// 保持原有的关键字段
+	if token.ClientID != "" {
+		existingData["client_id"] = token.ClientID
+	}
+	if token.ClientSecret != "" {
+		existingData["client_secret"] = token.ClientSecret
+	}
+	if token.AuthMethod != "" {
+		existingData["auth_method"] = token.AuthMethod
+	}
+	if token.Region != "" {
+		existingData["region"] = token.Region
+	}
+	if token.StartURL != "" {
+		existingData["start_url"] = token.StartURL
+	}
+
+	// 序列化并写入文件
+	raw, err := json.MarshalIndent(existingData, "", "  ")
+	if err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("token repository: marshal failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	// 原子写入：先写入临时文件，再重命名
+	tmpPath := filePath + ".tmp"
+	if err := os.WriteFile(tmpPath, raw, 0o600); err != nil {
+		return fmt.Errorf("token repository: write temp file failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	if err := os.Rename(tmpPath, filePath); err != nil {
+		_ = os.Remove(tmpPath)
+		return fmt.Errorf("token repository: rename failed: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	log.Debugf("token repository: updated token %s", token.ID)
+	return nil
+}
+
+// readTokenFile 从文件读取 token
+func (r *FileTokenRepository) readTokenFile(path string) (*Token, error) {
+	data, err := os.ReadFile(path)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	var metadata map[string]any
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(data, &metadata); err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	// 检查是否是 kiro token
+	tokenType, _ := metadata["type"].(string)
+	if tokenType != "kiro" {
+		return nil, nil
+	}
+
+	// 检查 auth_method (case-insensitive comparison to handle "IdC", "IDC", "idc", etc.)
+	authMethod, _ := metadata["auth_method"].(string)
+	authMethod = strings.ToLower(authMethod)
+	if authMethod != "idc" && authMethod != "builder-id" {
+		return nil, nil // 只处理 IDC 和 Builder ID token
+	}
+
+	token := &Token{
+		ID:         filepath.Base(path),
+		AuthMethod: authMethod,
+	}
+
+	// 解析各字段
+	token.AccessToken, _ = metadata["access_token"].(string)
+	token.RefreshToken, _ = metadata["refresh_token"].(string)
+	token.ClientID, _ = metadata["client_id"].(string)
+	token.ClientSecret, _ = metadata["client_secret"].(string)
+	token.Region, _ = metadata["region"].(string)
+	token.StartURL, _ = metadata["start_url"].(string)
+	token.Provider, _ = metadata["provider"].(string)
+
+	// 解析时间字段
+	if expiresAtStr, ok := metadata["expires_at"].(string); ok && expiresAtStr != "" {
+		if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, expiresAtStr); err == nil {
+			token.ExpiresAt = t
+		}
+	}
+	if lastRefreshStr, ok := metadata["last_refresh"].(string); ok && lastRefreshStr != "" {
+		if t, err := time.Parse(time.RFC3339, lastRefreshStr); err == nil {
+			token.LastVerified = t
+		}
+	}
+
+	return token, nil
+}
+
+// ListKiroTokens 列出所有 Kiro token（用于调试）
+func (r *FileTokenRepository) ListKiroTokens(ctx context.Context) ([]*Token, error) {
+	r.mu.RLock()
+	baseDir := r.baseDir
+	r.mu.RUnlock()
+
+	if baseDir == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token repository: base directory not configured")
+	}
+
+	var tokens []*Token
+
+	err := filepath.WalkDir(baseDir, func(path string, d fs.DirEntry, walkErr error) error {
+		if walkErr != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if d.IsDir() {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if !strings.HasPrefix(d.Name(), "kiro-") || !strings.HasSuffix(d.Name(), ".json") {
+			return nil
+		}
+
+		token, err := r.readTokenFile(path)
+		if err != nil {
+			return nil
+		}
+		if token != nil {
+			tokens = append(tokens, token)
+		}
+		return nil
+	})
+
+	return tokens, err
+}

internal/auth/kiro/usage_checker.go

@@ -0,0 +1,236 @@
+// Package kiro provides authentication functionality for AWS CodeWhisperer (Kiro) API.
+// This file implements usage quota checking and monitoring.
+package kiro
+
+import (
+	"context"
+	"encoding/json"
+	"fmt"
+	"io"
+	"net/http"
+	"time"
+
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/config"
+	"github.com/router-for-me/CLIProxyAPI/v6/internal/util"
+)
+
+// UsageQuotaResponse represents the API response structure for usage quota checking.
+type UsageQuotaResponse struct {
+	UsageBreakdownList []UsageBreakdownExtended `json:"usageBreakdownList"`
+	SubscriptionInfo   *SubscriptionInfo        `json:"subscriptionInfo,omitempty"`
+	NextDateReset      float64                  `json:"nextDateReset,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// UsageBreakdownExtended represents detailed usage information for quota checking.
+// Note: UsageBreakdown is already defined in codewhisperer_client.go
+type UsageBreakdownExtended struct {
+	ResourceType              string                 `json:"resourceType"`
+	UsageLimitWithPrecision   float64                `json:"usageLimitWithPrecision"`
+	CurrentUsageWithPrecision float64                `json:"currentUsageWithPrecision"`
+	FreeTrialInfo             *FreeTrialInfoExtended `json:"freeTrialInfo,omitempty"`
+}
+
+// FreeTrialInfoExtended represents free trial usage information.
+type FreeTrialInfoExtended struct {
+	FreeTrialStatus           string  `json:"freeTrialStatus"`
+	UsageLimitWithPrecision   float64 `json:"usageLimitWithPrecision"`
+	CurrentUsageWithPrecision float64 `json:"currentUsageWithPrecision"`
+}
+
+// QuotaStatus represents the quota status for a token.
+type QuotaStatus struct {
+	TotalLimit     float64
+	CurrentUsage   float64
+	RemainingQuota float64
+	IsExhausted    bool
+	ResourceType   string
+	NextReset      time.Time
+}
+
+// UsageChecker provides methods for checking token quota usage.
+type UsageChecker struct {
+	httpClient *http.Client
+}
+
+// NewUsageChecker creates a new UsageChecker instance.
+func NewUsageChecker(cfg *config.Config) *UsageChecker {
+	return &UsageChecker{
+		httpClient: util.SetProxy(&cfg.SDKConfig, &http.Client{Timeout: 30 * time.Second}),
+	}
+}
+
+// NewUsageCheckerWithClient creates a UsageChecker with a custom HTTP client.
+func NewUsageCheckerWithClient(client *http.Client) *UsageChecker {
+	return &UsageChecker{
+		httpClient: client,
+	}
+}
+
+// CheckUsage retrieves usage limits for the given token.
+func (c *UsageChecker) CheckUsage(ctx context.Context, tokenData *KiroTokenData) (*UsageQuotaResponse, error) {
+	if tokenData == nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("token data is nil")
+	}
+
+	if tokenData.AccessToken == "" {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("access token is empty")
+	}
+
+	queryParams := map[string]string{
+		"origin":       "AI_EDITOR",
+		"profileArn":   tokenData.ProfileArn,
+		"resourceType": "AGENTIC_REQUEST",
+	}
+
+	// Use endpoint from profileArn if available
+	endpoint := GetKiroAPIEndpointFromProfileArn(tokenData.ProfileArn)
+	url := buildURL(endpoint, pathGetUsageLimits, queryParams)
+
+	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, url, nil)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to create request: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	accountKey := GetAccountKey(tokenData.ClientID, tokenData.RefreshToken)
+	setRuntimeHeaders(req, tokenData.AccessToken, accountKey)
+
+	resp, err := c.httpClient.Do(req)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("request failed: %w", err)
+	}
+	defer resp.Body.Close()
+
+	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to read response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("API error (status %d): %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
+	}
+
+	var result UsageQuotaResponse
+	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
+		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to parse usage response: %w", err)
+	}
+
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
+// CheckUsageByAccessToken retrieves usage limits using an access token and profile ARN directly.
+func (c *UsageChecker) CheckUsageByAccessToken(ctx context.Context, accessToken, profileArn string) (*UsageQuotaResponse, error) {
+	tokenData := &KiroTokenData{
+		AccessToken: accessToken,
+		ProfileArn:  profileArn,
+	}
+	return c.CheckUsage(ctx, tokenData)
+}
+
+// GetRemainingQuota calculates the remaining quota from usage limits.
+func GetRemainingQuota(usage *UsageQuotaResponse) float64 {
+	if usage == nil || len(usage.UsageBreakdownList) == 0 {
+		return 0
+	}
+
+	var totalRemaining float64
+	for _, breakdown := range usage.UsageBreakdownList {
+		remaining := breakdown.UsageLimitWithPrecision - breakdown.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+		if remaining > 0 {
+			totalRemaining += remaining
+		}
+
+		if breakdown.FreeTrialInfo != nil {
+			freeRemaining := breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.UsageLimitWithPrecision - breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+			if freeRemaining > 0 {
+				totalRemaining += freeRemaining
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return totalRemaining
+}
+
+// IsQuotaExhausted checks if the quota is exhausted based on usage limits.
+func IsQuotaExhausted(usage *UsageQuotaResponse) bool {
+	if usage == nil || len(usage.UsageBreakdownList) == 0 {
+		return true
+	}
+
+	for _, breakdown := range usage.UsageBreakdownList {
+		if breakdown.CurrentUsageWithPrecision < breakdown.UsageLimitWithPrecision {
+			return false
+		}
+
+		if breakdown.FreeTrialInfo != nil {
+			if breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.CurrentUsageWithPrecision < breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.UsageLimitWithPrecision {
+				return false
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	return true
+}
+
+// GetQuotaStatus retrieves a comprehensive quota status for a token.
+func (c *UsageChecker) GetQuotaStatus(ctx context.Context, tokenData *KiroTokenData) (*QuotaStatus, error) {
+	usage, err := c.CheckUsage(ctx, tokenData)
+	if err != nil {
+		return nil, err
+	}
+
+	status := &QuotaStatus{
+		IsExhausted: IsQuotaExhausted(usage),
+	}
+
+	if len(usage.UsageBreakdownList) > 0 {
+		breakdown := usage.UsageBreakdownList[0]
+		status.TotalLimit = breakdown.UsageLimitWithPrecision
+		status.CurrentUsage = breakdown.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+		status.RemainingQuota = breakdown.UsageLimitWithPrecision - breakdown.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+		status.ResourceType = breakdown.ResourceType
+
+		if breakdown.FreeTrialInfo != nil {
+			status.TotalLimit += breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.UsageLimitWithPrecision
+			status.CurrentUsage += breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+			freeRemaining := breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.UsageLimitWithPrecision - breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+			if freeRemaining > 0 {
+				status.RemainingQuota += freeRemaining
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	if usage.NextDateReset > 0 {
+		status.NextReset = time.Unix(int64(usage.NextDateReset/1000), 0)
+	}
+
+	return status, nil
+}
+
+// CalculateAvailableCount calculates the available request count based on usage limits.
+func CalculateAvailableCount(usage *UsageQuotaResponse) float64 {
+	return GetRemainingQuota(usage)
+}
+
+// GetUsagePercentage calculates the usage percentage.
+func GetUsagePercentage(usage *UsageQuotaResponse) float64 {
+	if usage == nil || len(usage.UsageBreakdownList) == 0 {
+		return 100.0
+	}
+
+	var totalLimit, totalUsage float64
+	for _, breakdown := range usage.UsageBreakdownList {
+		totalLimit += breakdown.UsageLimitWithPrecision
+		totalUsage += breakdown.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+
+		if breakdown.FreeTrialInfo != nil {
+			totalLimit += breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.UsageLimitWithPrecision
+			totalUsage += breakdown.FreeTrialInfo.CurrentUsageWithPrecision
+		}
+	}
+
+	if totalLimit == 0 {
+		return 100.0
+	}
+
+	return (totalUsage / totalLimit) * 100
+}